HomeMy WebLinkAboutResolution 2022-116 Approving and Authorizing Implementation of the 2022 Pima County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan MARANA RESOLUTION NO. 2022-116
RELATING TO EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; APPROVING AND AUTHORIZING
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2022 PIMA COUNTY MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL
HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN
WHEREAS the 2022 Pima County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan
(the "Plan") was prepared by the Pima County Office of Emergency Management, along
with the Town of Marana, the Town of Oro Valley, the Town of Sahuarita, the City of
Tucson, and the Pascua Yaqui Tribe; and
WHEREAS the Plan was prepared pursuant to the requirements of the Disaster
Mitigation Act of 2000 and the implementing regulations set forth in the Federal Register
which require that a community have an approved hazard mitigation plan in order to
qualify for federal grant funding for emergency management and disaster relief; and
WHEREAS information in this Plan will be used to help guide and coordinate
mitigation activities and decisions for future land use and to help reduce the cost of
disaster response and recovery to the community and its property owners by protecting
structures, reducing exposure, and minimizing overall community impacts and
disruption; and
WHEREAS the Mayor and Council of the Town of Marana find that this resolution
is in the best interests of the Town of Marana and its citizens.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED BY THE MAYOR AND COUNCIL OF
THE TOWN OF MARANA, that the 2022 Pima County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard
Mitigation Plan attached to this resolution as Exhibit A is hereby approved.
IT IS FURTHER RESOLVED that the Town Manager and staff are hereby directed
and authorized to undertake all other and further tasks required or beneficial to
implement the Plan.
1
00084677.DOCX/1
Resolution No.2022-116
PASSED AND ADOPTED by the Mayor and Council of the Town of Marana,
Arizona, this 1st day of November, 2022.
Mayor Ed Honea
ATTEST: APPRO - , AS TO FORM:
David L. Udall, Town Clerk J#airall, own Attorney
MAPANA AZ
ESTABLISHED 1977
2
00084677.DOCX/1
Resolution No.2022-116
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION I: INTRODUCTION Page 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Purpose...................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Background and Scope ............................................................................................................. 3
1.3 Tribal Assurance ....................................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Plan Organization ..................................................................................................................... 5
SECTION 2: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS .............................................................................................. 6
2.1 County Overview ...................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 Jurisdictional Overviews......................................................................................................... 14
Town of Marana ................................................................................................................................... 14
Town of Oro Valley ............................................................................................................................. 17
Pascua Yaqui Tribe .............................................................................................................................. 19
Town of Sahuarita ................................................................................................................................ 23
City of South Tucson ............................................................................................................................ 26
City of Tucson 28
SECTION 3: PLANNING PROCESS .......................................................................................................... 31
3.1 Planning Process ..................................................................................................................... 31
3.2 Planning Activities and Teams ............................................................................................... 31
3.3 Public and Stakeholder Involvement ...................................................................................... 35
3.4 Reference Documents and Resources ..................................................................................... 38
SECTION 4: RISK ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................ 39
4.1 Risk Assessment ...................................................................................................................... 39
4.2 Hazard Identification .............................................................................................................. 39
4.3 Vulnerability Analysis Methodology ...................................................................................... 41
4.4 Hazard Risk Profiles ............................................................................................................... 48
4.4.1 Drought ............................................................................................................................. 49
4.4.2 Earthquake ......................................................................................................................... 60
4.4.3 Extreme Cold ..................................................................................................................... 66
4.4.4 Extreme Heat ..................................................................................................................... 71
4.4.5 Flood ................................................................................................................................. 80
4.4.6 Landslide ......................................................................................................................... 103
4.4.7 Severe Wind .................................................................................................................... 107
4.4.8 Wildfire ........................................................................................................................... 115
SECTION 5: MITIGATION STRATEGY ................................................................................................. 122
5.1 Hazard Mitigation Goal and Objectives ............................................................................... 122
5.2 Capability Assessment .......................................................................................................... 122
5.3 Jurisdictional Capabilities .................................................................................................... 123
5.4 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................................. 153
SECTION 6: PLAN MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES ............................................................................... 170
6.1 Monitoring, Evaluating and Updating.................................................................................. 170
6.2 Monitoring of Mitigation Measures ...................................................................................... 171
6.3 Incorporation into Other Planning Mechanisms .................................................................. 171
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS ................................................................. 177
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION I: INTRODUCTION Page 3
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of the Plan is to identify natural hazards that impact the various incorporated jurisdictions located within
Pima County, assess the vulnerability and risk posed by those hazards to community-wide human and structural assets,
develop strategies for mitigation of those identified hazards, present future maintenance procedures for the plan, and
document the planning process.
Pima County and all the incorporated Cities and Towns are political subdivisions of the State of Arizona and are
organized under Title 9 (cities/towns) and Title 11 (counties) of the Arizona Revised Statutes . This Pima County
Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan was prepared by the Pima County Office of Emergency Management
(PCOEM) and the listed participating jurisdictions, along with interested public, appointed representatives, and elected
officials of these jurisdictions. Accordingly, each of the participating jurisdictions is empowered to formally plan and
adopt the Plan on behalf of their respective jurisdictions.
1.2 Background and Scope
Each year in the United States, disasters take lives, cause injury, and damage human-made items. Nationwide,
taxpayers pay billions of dollars annually to help communities, organizations, businesses, and individuals recover
from disasters. These monies only partially reflect the true cost of disasters because additional e xpenses to insurance
companies and nongovernmental organizations are not reimbursed by tax dollars. Many disasters are predictable, and
much of the damage caused by these events can be alleviated or even eliminated.
Hazard mitigation is defined by FEMA as “any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to human
life and property from a hazard event. The goal of risk reduction is to reduce the risk to life and property, which
includes existing structures and future construction, in the pre - and post-disaster environments. This is achieved
through regulations, local ordinances, land use, and building practices and mitigation projects that reduce or eliminate
long-term risk from hazards and their effects.”
Hazard mitigation involves the whole community and is one of the phases of a comprehensive emergency management
program. FEMA encourages the Whole Community approach to mitigation, prevention, protection, response, and
recovery activities. The vision of Whole Community, includes engagement with local, tribal, state, and federal
emergency management entities, academia, non-governmental organizations, community members, and the private
sector in all phases of emergency management.
Hazard mitigation planning is the process of identifying natural hazards likely to occur in a geographic location,
measuring threat probability, analyzing the risk, setting mitigation goals and strategies to lessen impacts to the
community associated, and implementing actions. This Plan documents the planning process employed by the
planning teams for Pima County’s Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (MJHMP). The Plan reflects hazards,
risks, and strategies identified by the Whole Community.
Examples of hazard mitigation strategies include, but are not limite d to the following:
•Development of mitigation standards, regulations, policies, and programs
•Land use/zoning policies
•Building code and floodplain management regulations
•Dam safety program and levee systems
•Acquisition of flood-prone and environmentally sensitive lands.
•Retrofitting/hardening/elevating structures and critical facilities
•Relocation of structures, infrastructure, and facilities out of vulnerable areas
•Public awareness/education campaigns
•Improvement of warning and evacuation systems
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION I: INTRODUCTION Page 4
This Plan was prepared according to the requirements of the Disaster Mitigation Action of 2000 (hereafter, these
requirements will be referred to collectively as the DMA2K). While the act emphasized the need for mitigation plans
and coordinated mitigation planning and implementation efforts, the regulations established the requirements that
hazard mitigation plans must meet to be eligible for certain federal disaster assistance and hazard mitigation funding
under the Robert T. Stafford Relief and Emergency Act.
Currently, four FEMA grant programs provide funding to local entities that have a FEMA-approved local mitigation
plan that meets federal hazard mitigation plan requirements. Two of the grant programs are authorized under the
Stafford Act. The remaining two programs are authorized under the National Flood Insurance Act and the Bunning-
Bereuter-Blumenauer Flood Insurance Reform Act.
The grant programs available include:
•Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP)
•The Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) Program [formerly Pre-Disaster Mitigation
(PDM)]
•Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA)
•Repetitive Flood Claims Program (RFC)
Information in this Plan will be used to help guide and coordinate mitigation activities and deci sions for future land
use. Proactive mitigation planning will help reduce the cost of disaster response and recovery to the community and
its property owners by protecting structures, reducing exposure, and minimizing overall community impacts and
disruption. The community has been affected by hazards in the past and is thus committed to reducing future disaster
impacts and maintaining eligibility for Federal funding. In the future, climate variability could affect the outcome of
hazards by either reducing or increasing disaster impacts. This plan will attempt to address potential variables in each
of the hazards addressed.
This is a multi-jurisdictional plan that geographically covers the participating communities within the Pima County
boundaries (hereinafter referred to as the planning area). The following jurisdictions participated in the planning
process:
•Pima County (Unincorporated)
•Town of Marana
•Town of Oro Valley
•Town of Sahuarita
•City of Tucson
•Pascua Yaqui Tribe
1.3 Tribal Assurance
The Pascua Yaqui Tribe is a federally recognized tribe, organized and established as a sovereign nation pursuant to
the provisions of the Indian Reorganization Act of June 18, 1934. The Pascua Yaqui Tribe achieved federal recognition
as an established tribe on September 18, 1978 and became recognized as a historic tribe in 1994.
The Pascua Yaqui Tribe will comply with all applicable Federal Statutes and regulations during the periods for which
it receives grant funding, in compliance with DMA 2000 requirement §201.7(c)(6), and will amend its plan whenever
necessary to reflect changes in tribal or Federal laws and statutes as required.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION I: INTRODUCTION Page 5
1.4 Plan Organization
This Plan is organized as follows:
•Section 1: Introduction
•Section 2: Community Descriptions
•Section 3: Planning Process
•Section 4: Risk Assessment
•Section 5: Mitigation Strategy
•Section 6: Plan Maintenance
REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 6
SECTION 2: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS
2.1 County Overview
History
Pima County is unique for being one of the oldest continuously inhabited areas of the United States. Originally named
for the Native American tribe inhabiting the area, evidence of human settlement in Pima County dates back over 9,000
years with Native Americans have lived here from ancient times to the present. The Tohono O’odham Nation has
lived in this region from their Hohokam ancestors to contemporary times and concentrated along the Santa Cruz and
Gila Rivers. The Tohono O’odham reservation that covers almost ha lf of Pima County is the second-largest in Arizona.
The arrival of the Spanish in the 1690s marked the first European peoples to establis h settlements in the area.
Missionary and explorer Father Eusebio Francisco Kino established the San Xavier del Bac mission. Throughout the
1700s, the Spanish continued to settle throughout southern Arizona. In 1775, the Tucson Presidio was built to protect
settlers from raiding tribes of Apaches. Residents of the fort began to refer to it as the “Old Pueblo”, which remains
today as a nickname for Tucson
Pima County was created in 1864 and included all of southern Arizona acquired from Mexico by the Gadsden
Purchase. It is the second-largest of the four original counties. Over time, portions of Pima County were carved off to
create Maricopa, Pinal, Cochise, and Graham Counties.
Development began to flourish around the middle of the 18th century when silver and gold were discovered in the
geographical area and the arrival of prospectors from Mexico. With the expansion of mining and ranching in the late
1800s, Pima County continued to witness increasing populations as new residents migrated to the Tucson regio n
settling in proximity to major transportation corridors. Slowly, development moved eastward from Tucson until
abutting with federally owned land resulting in a trend reversal with new growth occurrin g to the northwest. In the
1960s the county flourished due to the copper industry, and by the 1970s, the industry was responsible for the
employment of almost 9,000 people.
According to recent 2020 data, Pima County has a population of around 1,043,433, with a projected population
increase to 1.4 million by 2041. Pima County is multi-culturally diverse and unique in the sense that it is a very
urbanized county, with more than one-third of the population living outside of any incorporated cities or towns. The
county seat of Pima County is Tucson, where most of the population is located. Tucson is a major commercial and
academic hub, and is home to the University of Arizona, Pima Air & Space Museum, and the Arizona -Sonora Desert
Museum.1
Geography
Pima County is in southern Arizona and encompasses 9,184 square miles, which is roughly equal in area to the states
of Rhode Island and Connecticut combined. Pima County shares a 120-mile border in common with Mexico. Pima
County lies within the Basin and Range Physiographic Province, characterized by north west-trending mountain ranges
separated by alluvial basins. Separated by the Tucson and Sierrita Mountains, a large portion of Pima County lies in
two alluvial basins: Avra Valley to the west and the Tucson basin to the east. The regional drainage network, primarily
formed by the Santa Cruz River and its tributaries, is dry for most of the year except during the spring runoff or from
heavy storms.
Varying in elevation from desert valleys at roughly 1,200 feet to the 9,185 -foot peak of Mount Lemmon, the county
is home to diverse plant and animal communities. Numerous mountain ranges ring the Tucson basin, including the
Santa Catalina, Rincon, Empire, Santa Rita, Sierrita, and Tucson mountains. Two cactus forests traverse the county –
Saguaro National Park to the northeast and Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument in the southwestern portion. In
addition, the county is home to the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge nestled along the western boundary of the
county and the Coronado National Forest in the easte rn portion of the county within the Santa Catalina Mountains.
1 Source: http://webcms.pima.gov/government/about_pima_county/, 2021
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 7
Source: Pima County GIS, 2021
Figure 2-1: Regional Overview
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 8
The geographical characteristics of Pima County have been mapped into the following three terrestrial ecoregions:
•Chihuahuan Desert – this ecoregion is typical of the high-altitude deserts and foothills and is found in much
of the southeastern portion of Arizona. Elevations in this zone vary between 3,000 -4,500 feet. The average
temperatures for the Chihuahuan Desert tend to be cooler than the Sonoran Desert due to the elevation
differences. However, like its lower elevation cousin, the summers are hot and dry interspersed with varying
amounts of summer monsoon rainfall. Winters are mild to cool, relatively dry but int erspersed with some
widespread seasonal rainfall.
•Sierra Madre Occidental Pine-Oak Forest – this ecoregion is predominant in mountainous regions in
southeast Arizona with elevations generally above 5,000 feet. The average temperatures tend to be cool
during the summer and cold in winter.
•Sonoran Desert – this ecoregion is an arid environment that covers much of southwestern Arizona. The
elevation varies in this zone from approximately sea level to 3,000 feet. Vegetation in this zone is comprised
mainly of Sonoran Desert Scrub and is one of the few locations in the world where saguaro cactus can be
found. The climate is typically hot and wet during the summer and mild during the winter with a very dry
spring and fall.
Land ownership within Pima County is divided between Native American tribal lands (42%), Private (12%), U.S.
Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management (12%), State Trust Land (14%), and other public lands (20%).2
Government
The governmental and administrative affairs of the unincorporated areas of Pima County are directed by a five-
member Board of Supervisors with each member elected from a designated district. Because of Arizona’s
constitutional provisions and the requirements promulgated by Arizona Revised Statutes, the government of Pima
County is organized to have a direct and indirect relationship with the Board of Supervisors. The Board of Supervisors
has direct control over the county’s general government functions including community services; indigent defense;
medical, health, and welfare services; and public works functions. These broad functions include the county’s internal
governmental administrative/management activities; maintenance and construction of the county’s sewerage and
sanitation infrastructures; county streets, roads, and bridges which comprise the county’s transportation infrastructure;
natural resources, parks, community centers, recreational facilities and libraries (in cooperation with the City of
Tucson); and numerous clinics. Indirect relationships are maintained with the elected officials. The Board of
Supervisors appoints a County Administrator to be responsible for the general direction, supervision, administration,
and coordination of all affairs of the county.
Each of the five municipalities in the county (Town of Marana, Town of Oro Valley, Town of Sahuarita, City of South
Tucson, and the City of Tucson) are governed by a mayor and council form of government. An elected tribal council
governs the Pascua Yaqui Tribe. Each of the municipalities and the tribal community are described in more detail in
Section 2.2 below.
2 Source: Pima County Geographic Information Systems, 2021
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 9
Source: Pima County GIS, 2021
Figure 2-2: Ecoregions
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 10
Source: Pima County GIS, 2021
Figure 2-3: Community Location and Land Ownership
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 11
Geology
Pima County is comprised of complex geology reflective of a history of faulting and folding of the earth’s crust. The
mountains include sedimentary, metamorphic volcanic, or intrusive igneous rock, or a combination of the three. The
alluvial basins consist of well-consolidated sediments eroded from the surrounding mountain ranges with caliche, or
hardpan, underneath. Caliche is formed as calcium carbonate and deposited within the soil through water seepag e.
Transportation
As shown in Figure 2-4, several major roadways support both local and interstate transportation needs. I-10 provides
connectivity with the Phoenix metropolitan area to the north and I-19 with Mexico to the south. Several other State
and US highways, most notably State Highways 85 and 86, coupled with Federal Indian Routes provide local and
regional access throughout southern Arizona. Pima County is host to four municipal airports providing commercial
and general aviation services to the region. In addition, the county is home to the Davis-Monthan Air Force Base in
Tucson.
Climate
For the majority of Pima County, the climate is typical of the Sonoran Desert areas of the state and is characterized
by abundant sunshine, a long summer, mild winter, low average annual precipitation, relatively low humidity, and
generally light winds. In the relatively small areas of the county above 4,000 feet mean sea level, the climate tends to
be more moderate. Climatic statistics for weather stations within Pima County are produced by the Western Region
Climate Center and span records dating back to the early 1900s. 1.
Table 2-1 lists some partial climate statistics for several of the weather stations located within the county. Average
temperatures within Pima County range from near freezing during the winter months to over 100°F during the hot
summer months. The severity of temperatures in either extreme is highly dependent upon the location, and more
importantly the altitude, within the county. For instance, temperature extremes in the foothill communities will
generally be about 10°F less than those in valley communities.
Table 2-1: Climate Statistics for Stations in Pima County
Location
Average Temperature (F) Precipitation (inches)
January July
Wettest Month Driest Month
Total
Annual
Average Min Max Min Max
Ajo 41.6 64.2 77.8 103 1.90 (August) 0.07 (May) 8.37
Cascabel 30.0 64.8 65.3 99.2 2.59 (August) 0.31 (May) 13.33
Kitt Peak 33.0 49.6 60.8 80.4 4.53 (August) 0.44 (May) 23.16
Sabino Canyon 37.1 66.4 72.4 101.9 2.41 (August) 0.19 (May) 12.73
Green Valley/Sahuarita 37.0 67.7 73.6 98.8 3.23 (July) 0.21 (May) 13.42
Sells 36.9 66.0 72.1 101.1 2.58 (July) 0.15 (May) 11.76
Tucson Magnetic Observatory 34.2 64.8 71.3 100.5 2.25 (August) 0.24 (May) 12.62
Tucson, University of Arizona 37.6 65.5 73.9 100.1 2.15 (August) 0.18 (May) 11.5
Note: Period of record varies by station but generally spans from the early 1900’s to 2010. Sabino Canyon 1941 -2002. Green Valley
1988-2016 is near Sahuarita.
Source: Western Regional Climate Center, 20 21.
1 Most of the data provided and summarized here is taken fr om the WRCC website beginning at the following URL:
https://wrcc.dri.edu/summary/Climsmaz.html
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 12
Source: Pima County GIS, 2021
Figure 2-4: General Location and Transportation
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 13
Precipitation throughout Pima County is governed largely by elevation and season of the year. From November
through March, storm systems from the Pacific Ocean cross the stat e as broad winter storms producing mild
precipitation events and snowstorms at the higher elevations. Summer rainfall begins early in July and usually lasts
until mid-September. Moisture-bearing winds move into Arizona at the surface from the southwest (Gulf of California)
and aloft from the southeast (Gulf of Mexico). The shift in wind direction, termed the North American Monsoon,
produces summer rains in the form of thunderstorms that result largely from excessive heating of the land surface and
the subsequent lifting of moisture-laden air, especially along the primary mountain ranges. Thus, the strongest
thunderstorms are usually found in the mountainous regions of the central southeastern portions of Arizona. These
thunderstorms are often accompanied by strong winds, blowing dust, and infrequent hailstorms.1
Wind speeds are similar across Arizona, averaging approximately 6-9 miles per hour annually. Pima County generally
experiences average wind speeds at approximately 8 mph. However, significant variations can exist throughout the
year, as a consequence of extreme changes in topography in the area. The surrounding mountains and topography of
the region influence wind velocities and directions in the Tucson basin.
Population
As of April 1, 2020, 1,043,433 residents call Pima County home.2 Most of the citizens still live in the incorporated
communities or reservation portion of Pima County. The largest community is the City of Tucson. The two
incorporated cities and three towns are geographically located in the eastern portion of Pima County.
Table 2-2: Population Estimates
Jurisdiction 2010 2015 2020
Pima County 981,168 1,009,371 1,043,433
Town of Marana* 35,051 41,655 51,908
Town of Oro Valley 40,984 43,499 47,070
Pascua Yaqui Tribe (Pascua Pueblo Reservation) 3,745 8,831** 6,782***
Town of Sahuarita 25,259 27,637 34,134
City of South Tucson 5,672 5,712 5,701
Tohono O'odham Nation 9,051 Not reported Not Reported
City of Tucson 520,795 529,845 542,629
Unincorporated County 353,319 361.023 367,904
2010 Pascua Yaqui Tribe and Tohono O’odham Nation estimates from 2010 Census Block data
2010 2015, 2021 data from AZDOA: https://population.az.gov/population-estimates
*A portion of Marana is in Pinal County
** Provided by Pascua Yaqui Tribe and current as of September 2016
***Provided by Pascua Yaqui Tribe and current as of September 2021
Economy
The metropolitan Tucson area is the center of economic activity for the county. As of September 2021, the countywide
labor force was estimated at 491,351 with an unemployment rate of 4.2%.3 A majority of workers in Pima County are
employed in the educational services, healthcare, and social assistance sector of the economy, followed by arts and
entertainment, and then professional, scientific and management. The labor force is ref lective of the influence of
tourism, academia, and the retirement population in the Tucson metropolitan area.
1 Office of the State Climatologist for AZ, 2021.
2 U.S. Census Bureau, Quick Facts, 20 20. U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Pima County, Arizona; United States
3 AZ Department of Administration Employment and Population Statistics, July 2 019. https://laborstats.az.gov/sites/default/files/Emp-Report.pdf
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 14
2.2 Jurisdictional Overviews
Town of Marana
Nestled along Interstate 10 (I-10), northwest of Tucson, the Town of Marana has experienced dramatic growth for
over two decades because of annexation policies and the development of master -planned communities. It is now the
fastest-growing community in southern Arizona.
Founded in 1881, in conjunction with the development of rail transportation, Marana solidified itself as a destination
with its appearance on Southern Pacific Railroad maps in 1890. Although ranching and the railroad dominated the
community prior to World War I, the post-war years brought significant change to the region with the implementation
of extensive agricultural irrigation systems and the development of cotton farming. Other substantial factors in
Marana’s development were the location of Marana Army Air Field (now Pinal Airpark and Evergreen Air Center)
and the removal of the downtown business district due to the widening of I-10 in the early 1960s.
In March of 1977, the Town of Marana incorporated with an area roughly 10 square miles. Governed by a seven-
member Town Council consisting of a Mayor and six council members elected for four-year terms, the Town utilizes
a Council-Manager form of government. The Town Council appoints a Town Manager responsible for the daily
operation of town services and the orderly administration of affairs.
Although a majority of Marana’s topography is flat, much of the area is designated as a floodplain. In addition, the
existing Town boundaries include portions of the Tortolita and Tucson Mountain foothills that ar e dominated by slopes
exceeding 15%. The development constraints posed by these environmentally sensitive lands provide the potential for
natural open space and habitat conservation areas to balance with the urban development occurring. Several riparian
features, including major wash crossing in the Tortolita Fan and the Santa Cruz River, provide natural wildlife habitat
for diverse species native to the Sonoran Desert. The Santa Cruz River has also provided the opportunity for a Shared
Use Path (SUP) to be constructed from Ina Road north to Sanders Road approximately 13.5 miles. This SUP is a
world-class outdoor recreation amenity and contributes greatly to the health and wellness of the Marana community.
Although witnessing substantial urban growth during the past two decades, Marana continues to hold onto its
agricultural and ranching roots and serves as the main trade and transportation center for the surrounding rural
periphery for the eastern portion of Pima County. As illustrated in Table 2-2, the 2020 Census population of Marana
is 51,300. On average between the years of 2010-2014, the civilian labor force was 64.5% of the town’s population.
New building permits issued in 2020 were 2,664. Of these, 915 were for new homes.
Marana’s General Plan, adopted on December 10, 2019, reflects the Town’s shared values that include a sense of
community, quality development, and economic growth. Marana’s Land Use Map (Figure 2-5) defines a pattern of
growth that is logical, fiscally responsible, and financially sustainable. The Resources and Sustainability Theme of
the Marana General Plan seeks to balance growth and development with the need to protect and conserve natural
resources to support a healthy environment for generations to come. This theme is supported by five general plan
elements, Open Space, Water Resources, Environmental Planning, Conservation, and Energy Elements. Lower
density and intensity use in proximity to environmentally sensitive areas provide a transition to more intensive
commercial and industrial uses located in proximity to major transportation corridors including I-10, major
thoroughfares, and the Marana Regional Airport.
Although agriculture remains a factor in Marana’s economy, a continuing influx of residential and commercial
development has occurred due to its location between Phoenix and Tucson along I-10 and the Union Pacific Railroad,
to the south, adjacent to Tucson, is a new commercial business district. Continental Ranch/Peppertree Ranch Industrial
Park has several new tenants and new industrial properties will soon be available at Marana Northwest Regional
Airport. Marana’s major private employers include Arizona Portland Cement, Costco, Home Depot, Wal -Mart,
Lowes, Sargent Controls & Aerospace, and Tucson Ready Mix. Major public employers include the Marana Unified
School District and the Town of Marana. Marana’s planning area encompasses approximately 228 square miles in
Pima and Pinal Counties. Existing land uses include residential of varying densities (rural residential, low-density
residential, traditional neighborhood), open space, airport and commercial, and industrial development. A majority of
the planning area beyond the Town boundaries to the north and west is undeveloped.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 15
Marana's Town limits reflect the many changes and transitions that have occurred since its incorporation. Marana's
rural heritage is reflected in traditional family farms and agricultural activities that continue on many acres of land
historically used for agriculture. Older, low-density residential and commercial development was located west of I-10
in and near the traditional Town area where many Marana pioneer families settled. This northwest part of Marana
began a transition to a more densely populated area in the early 2000s. At that time, the Cactus Ferruginous Pygmy-
Owl was listed as an endangered species, which limited development in much of the area east of I -10. This shifted the
development focus to the farm fields in northwest Marana. The extension of bank protection along the Santa Cruz
River to Sanders Road removed many of the farm fields from the floodplain and opened them up to development
opportunities; along with the extension of sewer lines brought urban services to the northwest area. By 2021, there
were more than 6,000 lots platted in this area of the Town, with an additional 21,000 lots planned. The new growth
brought approximately 10,000 new residents to this once rural area.
Marana’s planning area includes natural areas, such as the Tortolita Mountain Alluvial Fan in the nort heast, which
provide physical constraints that limit development. Characterized by steep slopes, natural drainage ways, native
vegetation, and floodplains, this area provides natural undisturbed open space and habitat for a multitude of plant and
animal species. The Town has proactively moved to direct new growth and development away from the fan to other
more appropriate areas.
The Town of Marana 2040 General Plan indicates that residential development is the predominant land use, occupying
more than 50% of the total land area. The residential categories provide a range of densities within each designation.
However, the maximum density cannot always be achieved because of land use policies or physical constraints.
Commercial and industrial uses may potentially accommodate a wide range of uses.
Much of the current development activity in northeast Marana is occurring along the Twin Peaks Road corridor.
Related to this, Tangerine Road was improved to four lanes with a central median, turn -lanes, multi-use paths, and
sidewalks from La Cañada Drive to Dove Mountain Boulevard. The segment from Dove Mountain Boulevard to I -
10, is currently in design for the expansion of up to four lanes that will facilitate the expected growth in the region.
Just east of the Tangerine/I-10 freeway interchange is the new Mandarina Boulevard/Adonis Extension, which
connects the existing San Lucas and Adonis neighborhoods through the proposed Tortolita Shadows and Mandarina
developments to Tangerine Road. These infrastructure projects will allow for the capacity necessary for continued
growth in the area as well as provide better circulation and connectivity in the community including access to the
Town of Oro Valley.
At the Marana Regional Airport, a future focal point of the town’s local economy, continual upgrading, and expansion
of the facility has benefit to the airport and to the Town’s ability to attract commerce. The recent addition of road and
utility infrastructure in the I-10 area directly east of the airport will attract new businesses to the Town wh ile others
will be attracted to the airport because of its business-class jet capabilities, convenient location, and access for business
or pleasure.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 16
Source: Town of Marana Technology Services
Figure 2-5: Town of Marana Land Use
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 17
Town of Oro Valley
Located between the Santa Catalina Mountains to the east and the Tortolita Mountains to the northwest, Oro Valley
is located six miles northwest of the Tucson city limits. Other nearby communities include the Town of Marana to the
west and the unincorporated community of Catalina to the north. Oro Valley serves as a gateway to regional parks,
sharing its eastern border with Catalina State Park and the Coronado National Forest. These areas provide vast
recreational and natural open space opportunities for the community and are integral to the Town’s identity as a
community known for its integration of residential uses within the natural Sonoran Desert and as a resort area. Major
access to Oro Valley is via I-10, located approximately 12 miles to the west, and SR 77, or Oracle Road, which runs
north-south through the Town and is the original transportation corridor linking Tucson with the Phoenix metropolitan
area to the north. The Town was incorporated in April of 1974 and operate s under a Council-Manager form of
government, which includes a mayor and six council members elected at large. The Mayor is directly elected while
the Vice Mayor is selected by the Council from among the six Council members.
Oro Valley is a growing community. The 2020 estimated population of Oro Valley is 47,070. The population is
forecasted to grow to more than 51,000 by 2030. Residential growth has been a large part of economic activity in the
past and will remain important into the future. In recent years, more diverse employment opportunities have become
part of the community. Oro Valley’s large employers include Roche Tissue Diagnostics; Honeywell Aerospace; Town
of Oro Valley; Oro Valley Hospital; Amphitheater Public Schools; Casa de la Luz Hospice; SimpleView; Splendido
at Rancho Vistoso; El Conquistador Tucson, A Hilton Resort; and Meggitt Securaplane Technologies, Inc. Oro Valley
is emerging as a regional center for biotech, biomed, and high-tech industries featured on the campuses of Innovation
Park.
The Town of Oro Valley’s General Plan guides the character and future directions for the community over a 10 -year
period. The Your Voice, Our Future General Plan was adopted by Town Council on September 21, 2016, and ratified
by the Oro Valley voters on November 8, 2016. The Plan supports the potential of an evolving community, with a
focus on family-friendly features, economic development, and amenities contributing to a “complete community”.
This is balanced with long-held values for the natural environment and lower density development. Future commercial
growth will likely be concentrated in designated growth areas, primarily the Oracle Road corridor and secondarily
smaller neighborhood commercial clusters dispersed throughout the Town. Residential g rowth will likely occur in
both smaller infill projects as well as a few larger tracts of land on the western portion of Town.
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Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 18
Source: Town of Oro Valley, 2021
Figure 2-6: Town of Oro Valley Land Use
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 19
Pascua Yaqui Tribe
The lands of the Pascua Yaqui became part of the United States in the 1870s. Calling themselves the Yaquis, the first
modern settlements of these descendants from the ancient Uto-Azteca people, were near Nogales and South Tucson.
Over time, the Yaquis spread out, settling north of Tucson in an area they named Pascua Village and in Guadalupe
near Tempe. Retaining their religious and cultural ways of life, the Yaquis began calling themselves the Pascua Yaqui
Tribe and accepted political integration into American society during the 1950s. In 1952, the Pascua Yaqui Tribe was
annexed by the City of Tucson. In 1964, Congress transferred 202 acres of desert land southwest of Tucson to the
Pascua Yaquis who were looking for an area to preserve their tribal identity. Members of the Pascua Yaqui Tribe
relocating to the reservation struggled to secure federal recognition for the Tribe until finally being recognized in
1978. The Tribe acquired an additional 690 acres in 1988. In 1994, the Tribe’s status was changed from a created tribe
to a historic tribe.
Today, the Pascua Yaqui Tribe is scattered throughout eastern Pima County and includes several small communities.
These communities include Yoem Pueblo in Marana, Old Pascua in Tucson, Barrio Libre in South Tucson, and the
Pascua Pueblo, a 1.87-square mile reservation located southwest of the City of Tucson.
According to Tribal sources, the population as of August 2021 for the Pascua Yaqui Tribe within Pima County
communities was 11,109. Table 2-3 summarizes enrolled Tribal membership by the various Pascua Yaqui
communities located both within Pima County and outside. Enrollment demographics for the Pascua Yaqui Tribe have
increased due to housing development. The community of New Pascua reservation proper is comprised of
approximately 876 residential structures, 73 office and commercial buildings, and 5 commercial buildings under
construction. An estimated 8,000 citizens reside within the exterior boundaries of the New Pascua reservation proper
that includes tribal and non-tribal citizens.
The Pascua Yaqui Tribe also had proposed amendments to its constitutions effecting the Tribe’s base enrollment to
its tribal members. The amendments were passed by the federal government that gave the authority to the Pascua
Yaqui Tribal Council to have the power to enact ordinances, subject to the approval of the Secretary of the Interior,
governing future membership and loss of membership. This rise in enrolment is reflected in Table 2 -3 demographics
with the Yaqui Communities of New Pascua and Marana falling under the Tribe and included in the Plan.
Table 2-3: Pascua Yaqui Tribal Enrollment Demographics
Pascua Yaqui Communities
Enrolled Members
2016 2021
New Pascua
Old Pascua
Barrio Libre (South Tucson)
Yoem Pueblo (Marana)
Guadalupe (Maricopa County)
High Town (Chandler)
Penjamo Pueblo (Scottsdale)
Eloy/Coolidge (Pinal County)
5,086
775
741
123
3,537
113
250
247
5,137
775
748
122
3,616
118
242
351
Community Total 10,872 11,109
Other Arizona Cities
Outside the State of AZ
6,446
2,011
9,966
Total Active Membership 19,329 21,075
Source: Pascua Yaqui Tribe, September 2021
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 20
The Pascua Yaqui Tribe operates two casinos within Pima County, the 40,000 square foot Casino of the Sun and the
75,000 square foot Casino del Sol. Other tribal enterprises include the Sol Casino Hotel and Convention Center, which
includes 215 rooms and a 20,000 square foot ballroom; Estrella Tower, which includes 151 rooms and a 1,081 square
foot conference room(s) area; the Anselmo Valencia Amphitheater 4,470 seat open-air concert venue, and the Del Sol
Marketplace. The Sewailo Golf Course opened in 2013 measures 7,400 yards from the championship tees, with 5
different tee boxes on each hole to allow for players of all abi lities. It is known as one of the finest golf courses in
Tucson and the state of Arizona.
Source: PYT Land Department, 2021
Figure 2-7: Pascua Pueblo – Trust/Reservation & Fee Land
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 21
Source: PYT Land Department, 2021
Figure 2-8: Pascua Yaqui Communities
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 22
Source: PYT Land Department, 2021
Figure 2-9: Tortuga Ranch
Mochik – Tortuga Ranch is land located in western Pima County that is a combination of tribal, state, BLM, and Fee
land. The Pascua Yaqui Tribe are stewards of this area that is used to house a number of tribal services to include:
•Desert planting and harvesting
•Equine Wellness Groups
•Green House: Teach cultivation and production to youth and community
•Hoop House: Habitat for growing cultural herbs and plants
•Ranch Skills Training
•Youth Horsemanship Skills
•Youth Ranch Skills
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 23
Town of Sahuarita
The Town of Sahuarita, incorporated in 1994, now encompasses a little over 31 square miles. Land uses within the
incorporated boundaries of the Town include primarily residential and agricultural uses and vacant land. The next
largest land use in the town is institutional, which includes schools, public uses, and utilities. In addition to these, there
are commercial and light industrial land and recreational/open space uses.
The 2020 census found 13,569 dwelling units and 12,075 occupied households with a population of 34,134 (see Table
2-2). The Town population increased by 8,875 between the years of 2000 to 2020.
Table 2-4 Population and Housing
2020 Total
Census
Population
Total
Units
2020
Total
Occupied
2020
Total
Vacant
2020
Group
Quarters
Population
2020
Owner
Occupied
2020
Renter
Occupied
Sahuarita 34,134 13,569 12,075 1,494 87 75.5% 13.5%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; 2020 Census
Using the 2020 Census average household size and average family size of 2.77 and 3.16, respectively, the Town
calculates future population projections using 2.89 persons per unit. The 2020 Census found an almost equal
male/female ratio within the study area. The Town does not currently have a large group quarters facility.
Within Sahuarita are five age-restricted communities: Quail Creek, a fully age-restricted master-planned community;
Rancho Resort and Sonora within Rancho Sahuarita; La Jolla Verde, whic h lies southeast of I-19, and Duval Mine
Road; and the Green Valley RV Resort that lies west of I-19 and north of Duval Mine Road. The Town shows a more
traditional mix of population by age category not indicative of being skewed to the senior age groups. The Town of
Sahuarita prides itself in being open to families with children as well as other household types.
Nearly 75.5% of the 12,075 occupied housing stock within the Town was owner -occupied in 2020. Based on this
demographic holding in the future, the Town should plan either on ensuring that there is an adequate supply of single-
family housing or assume that a significant part of its housing stock will likely be owner-occupied units. National
trends, however, show a shift towards smaller household size s and an increase in renting vs homeownership. It is
unclear if this trend will affect Sahuarita, but it may be prudent to plan for a variety of housing types to best position
the Town for the future.
Sahuarita represents five predominant land use themes today. First are the existing, older residential areas, primarily
on larger lots, located in the western portion of the town, and interspersed by undeveloped properties.
Secondly, there is the rise of the master-planned community from Rancho Sahuarita to the northwest and Madera
Highlands and age-restricted Quail Creek to the southeast. Most of the growth anticipated in the Town during the life
of the 2015 general plan will occur within master-planned communities. Each is unique and caters to its individual
market but differs from more rural Sahuarita.
Third, are the developing commercial and potentially mixed-use centers in the southern portion of the Town around
the intersection of I-19 and Duval Mine Road. These centers provide regional services to Green Valley and much of
the Upper Santa Cruz Valley in addition to Town residents.
Fourth are the production of agriculture orchards and ranches in the eastern portion of the Town. Some of this land
lies within the 100-year floodplain, but some of it lies outside and is imminently developable. Agricultural
employment, in particular, the pecan orchards owned and operated by Farmers Investment Company (FICO), provides
a source of employment in the community that brings in revenues from outside the Town and helps the local economy.
It is expected that over time, FICO holdings will likely convert to more urban scale development, completely or in
part. The Sahuarita Farms Specific Plan and River Master Plan reflect the type of transition anticipated in this area.
Lastly, the Santa Cruz River and its large floodplain, which bisect the Town, provide both a constraint and an
opportunity. Most of the river’s floodplain within the Town is not in a natural condition today; indeed, there are several
structural uses, particularly around the historic Sahuarita town site as well as irrigated agriculture and institutional
uses. Currently, there are no flood control measures planned for the Santa Cruz River within the Town of Sahuarita;
however, consideration of such measures in the future may occur, pursuant to pre-existing agreements and the recently
approved Sahuarita and Continental Farms River Master Plans.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 24
Major employers in the area include Freeport-McMoRan and Asarco; Caterpillar Proving Grounds; FICO; Wal-Mart;
Fry’s; Safeway; Desert Diamond Casino, an Enterprise of the Tohono O’odham Nation; the Sahuarita School District;
and the Town of Sahuarita itself.
Size and Location
Currently 31 square miles in area, Sahuarita is located just 15 minutes south of Tucson and approximately 40 minutes
north of the Mexican border. Tucson International Airport is within a 20 -minute drive.
Located along I-19, 40 minutes north of the U.S./Mexico border and 18 miles south of downtown Tucson, Sahuarita
is uniquely positioned to capture 24 million annual visitors from Mexico. Sahuarita is overflowing with retail
opportunities, executive living, and a viable center for companies and employ ers to conduct business with Mexico.
Each day, on average, more than 65,000 Mexican residents come to Arizona to work, visit friends and relatives,
recreate, shop, and spend over $7,350,000. This contributes substantially to Arizona’s export trade with Me xico.
Familial ties, long-term friendships, work opportunities, leisure activities, and shopping experiences not yet available
in Mexico continue to support strong cross-border interactions between Arizona and its neighbor, Sonora.
Town Government
The Town of Sahuarita operates under the council-manager form of government. The Sahuarita Town Council is
responsible for the policy matters of the town, and the town manager oversees staff and carries out the day -to-day
functions of the town. Sahuarita is administered by the seven-member town council, which includes a Mayor and Vice
Mayor. The Mayor and Vice Mayor are not elected into those positions but ar e instead chosen among elected council
members. The Town Council oversees all issues pertaining to Sahuarita, including residential and commercial
development and natural preservation.
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Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 25
Source: Town of Sahuarita
Figure 2-10: Town of Sahuarita General Plan Land Use
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 26
City of South Tucson
Surrounded by the City of Tucson, the City of South Tucson is a one square mile community just south of historical
downtown Tucson nestled between the junction of Interstates 10 and 19. Rich in ethnic heritage, this small community
services a population of which 83% are Mexican-American and 10% are Native American. Developed as a suburban
community to Tucson, South Tucson enjoyed a colorful history after incorporation in 1936, un -incorporation in 1938,
and reincorporation in 1940.
The City of South Tucson is located within a U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) –designated
Empowerment Zone and Tucson Pima Enterprise Zone, both of which are dedicated to revitalizing dilapidated areas
in the greater Tucson metropolitan area. The City of South Tucson has also been designated a rural ‘Colonia’ by the
United States Department of Agriculture.
A Mayor, Six Council Members, and a City Manager govern the City of South Tucson. The local police and fire
department have both full-time and volunteer personnel.
In 2020, the population of South Tucson was 4613, an 18.4% decrease over the 2010 population of 5652. South Tucson
will continue to provide a small declining percentage of Pima County’s overall resident population. This pattern is
reflective of the strong growth throughout eastern Pima County and the City’s inability to gain in available landmass.
Similarly, South Tucson’s small labor force is anticipated to parallel the Town’s population growth by comprising a
smaller share of the region’s employment opportunities. The City of South Tucson updated their General Plan in 2002.
Although not mandated to contain Growing Smarter elements due to their small size, this information was added to
the 2002 revision to provide consistency with other municipalities in the region.
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Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 27
Source: Pima County Geographical Information Systems, 2021
Figure 2-11: City of South Tucson Land Ownership and Location
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 28
City of Tucson
The City of Tucson, Arizona’s second-largest and oldest city, serves as the focal point for political, economic, and
cultural activities for Pima County. Prior to the establishment of the first Spanish mission in 1700, San Xavier del
Bac, and the arrival of the Spanish Conquistadors, various Native American tribes including the Pima, Hohokam, and
the Tohono O’odham inhabited the area presently occupied by the City of Tucson. Founded in 1775, Tucson began as
a Spanish military garrison to protect settlers from Indian raids from nearby tribes. Receiving independence from
Spanish colonial rule in 1821, governance of the area passed to the Republic of Mexico and remained part of the State
of Sonora until 1854 when it became part of the United States with the Gadsden Purchase. Formally incorporated in
1877 with an area of 2 square miles, the City of Tucson presently includes 240 square miles and is the nation’s thirty -
third (33rd) most populous city. Fueled by the availability of cheap and abundant land, Tucson experienced rapid
growth in the 1950s following World War II. Much of this new growth, however, occurred outside the city limits
leading to a widespread lineal development pattern. Surrounded by unincorporated portions of Pima County, Tucson
completely surrounds the City of South Tucson and is in close proximity to the smaller communities of Marana to the
northwest, Oro Valley to the north, and Sahuarita to the south. A mayor and six City Council Members representing
various wards within the City govern Tucson. Ope rating under a charter form of government, the Mayor and City
Council set policies to be carried out by an appointed City Manager and other city officials.
Known for its natural beauty, Tucson’s natural environment is characteristic of the Sonoran Desert with diverse
habitats and conditions ranging from low land deserts to the highlands of the Santa Catalina and Rincon Mountains.
In addition to the rich biodiversity of the region, the proximity of the Mexican border and the presence of the
University of Arizona and the Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, which draw residents from throughout the United States
as well as from other countries, influence the City’s cultural diversity and tradition for cultural heritage prese rvation.
As depicted in Figure 2-12, Tucson’s primary transportation corridors are Interstates 10 and 19, which provide
accessibility to distant urban locations, and a well -developed arterial network providing connectivity within the
metropolitan area. Tucson International Airport, providing commercial air service, and Ryan Airfield, serving business
and general aviation traffic, provide additional transportation service to Tucson.
The City of Tucson has experienced tremendous growth in the infrastructure and population since i ts incorporation
over 145 years ago. This growth has led to a current population of 554,146 people with positive growth in 2020 of
5.19%. The population of Tucson represents 53% of the county according to the 2020 Census. Regardless of its role
as the regional focal point, Tucson’s relative position as the population center will slow in the future as other
incorporated jurisdictions and unincorporated communities in the urban periphery absorb a larger share of the regional
growth. Tucson has a broad-based economy anchored in tourism, higher education, retail, military, government, and
various high-tech and health care employers. With 350 days of sunshine every year, tourism is a major economic
engine for the Tucson community. Major world-class attractions include Saguaro National Park, the Arizona-Sonora
Desert Museum, and the Pima Air and Space Museum. Thousands of visitors attend annual signature events, such as
the Tucson Gem and Mineral Show, El Tour de Tucson, 4th Avenue Street Fair, All-Souls Procession, and the Tucson
Rodeo and Parade (La Fiesta de los Vaqueros). These visitors generate sales in lodging, dining, retail, recreation, and
transportation and have an estimated local impact of $150 million.
The economic forecast is calling for expansion at a moderate pace with gains in jobs, income, and population. In 2018,
retail sales increased approximately 5.3%, while personal income increased 5.7%. The preliminary estimate for the
October 2018 unemployment rate is 4.4%, a slight increase from 4.0% in October 2017, and median home sale prices
increasing by 3.7%. The City’s revenues, particularly business privilege and transient occupancy taxes, were
increasing at a more significant percentage than any other year. With sales tax revenues comprising appr oximately
41% of the City’s General Fund, and retail sales being a major component, the City experienced strong sales tax
growth from fiscal year 2019 amount of $219.3 million to the fiscal year 2020 amount of $225.9 million; a 3%
increase.1 Even during the Coronavirus Virus 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic brought uncertainty the City of Tucson
1 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report 2020 https://www.tucsonaz.gov/files/finance/Accounting/City_of_Tucson_CAFR_FY_2020.pdf
Pg.vii
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 29
still growth one example was in permits issued for new buildings from 2019 at 1,151 permits issued to 1,169 permits
issued in 2020.
Approved in December of 2013, Tucson’s General Plan reflects a community that is responding to the diverse nature
of its residents and the natural character of the region as represented in Figure 1. The plan anticipates that new growth
will be accommodated primarily through infill development; higher density, mixed-use activity centers; and corridor
planning to reduce the peripheral sprawl. Tucson is positioning itself to take advantage of its distinctive natural setting
by clearly separating urban uses from rural and natural resource -based areas. Economic development activity will be
encouraged to locate transportation hubs along existing transportation corridors including I -10, I-19, the Southern
Pacific Railroad, and airports. As an alternative to the linear pattern of commercial developmen t, small-scale
neighborhood commercial centers will be focused on major street intersections with regional centers positioned in
mixed-use activity centers.
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Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: COMMUNITY DESCRIPTIONS Page 30
Source: City of Tucson GIS
Figure 2-12: City of Tucson Land Ownership and Location
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: PLANNING PROCESS 31
SECTION 3: PLANNING PROCESS
3.1 Planning Process
The 2022 Plan update was a countywide effort that included revising and updating the previous plan, integrating new
components into the plan, and incorporating new participants into the planning process.
A multi-jurisdictional planning team was assembled to review the 2017 plan, evaluate its efficacy over the last five
years, and propose revisions for the 2022 plan. County Administration extended in vitations to participate in the
planning process to each jurisdiction’s Mayors, Town Managers, and Emergency Managers within the planning area.
In addition, invitations to participate were extended to over 80 partners and community stakeholders, including non-
government organizations, academia, and the private sector.
Two levels of planning teams were organized for this Plan update. The first was a Multi-Jurisdictional Planning Team
(MJPT) comprised of one or more representatives from each participating jurisdiction and predominantly the primary
points of contact. The second level planning team was the jurisdiction’s Local Planning Team (LPT).
PCOEM served as the lead planning agency for the process, with support from the Arizona Department of Emergency
and Military Affairs (DEMA). Pima County’s Emergency Management Planner took the lead in recruiting
participants, conducting planning team meetings, tracking progress, editing documents, and keeping the project on
schedule. The MJPT members were responsible for evaluating and updating the sections of the plan for their respective
jurisdictions and supporting Pima County in completing the plan.
3.2 Planning Activities and Teams
The planning team facilitated the coordination, research, and planning element activities to update the 2022 Plan. Four
multi-jurisdictional planning team meetings were conducted over the period of August 2021 through February of 2022,
beginning with the first meeting on August 11, 2021. Representatives from each jurisdiction were require d to
participate in all planning team meetings, as the meetings were structured to take the jurisdictions through a systematic
planning process. At each meeting, next steps and procedures were presented and discussed, progress was reported,
and the action items assigned. Subsequent meetings built on the information discussed previously and on the individual
assignments completed between meetings. In addition, jurisdictions also conducted independent meetings and
coordination efforts to compile and contribute to the overarching planning efforts.
The MJPT representatives, noted in Table 3-1, had the responsibility of being the liaison to the jurisdictional LPT,
and were tasked with the following primary responsibilities:
•Conveying information and assignments to the jurisdictional LPT of which several jurisdictions
organized for specific plan parts or for mitigation ideas.
•Ensuring all requested assignments were completed fully and returned on a timely basis.
•Arranging for review and official adoption of the final Plan.
To support MJPT, the jurisdictional LPT, noted in Table 3-2, were tasked with:
•Convening meetings as needed to work through assignments from the Planning Team.
•Providing support and data.
•Developing and refining mitigation strategies.
•Assisting with the prioritization of hazards and plan objectives.
•Assisting the MJPT representatives with assignments.
•Making planning decisions regarding Plan components.
•Reviewing the Plan draft documents.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: PLANNING PROCESS 32
Cultivating a well-rounded, representative planning team was the responsibility of the PCOEM. Using the list of
participants from the 2017 Plan as a guide, the PCOEM identified a list of potential participa nts and contributors to
the 2022 Plan update. PCOEM initiated contact with and extended invitations to participate to jurisdictional
representatives and agencies from all incorporated communities within Pima County, the Pascua Yaqui Tribe, and the
Tohono O’odham Nation.
Pascua Yaqui tribal members/citizens and partners were invited to participate in the process. Due to the ongoing
COVID-19 Pandemic, all planning meetings were conducted via virtual workshops, emails, phone calls, and one-on-
one sessions throughout the process.
Table 3-1: Multi-Jurisdictional Planning Team Participants (participants in bold returning members)
Name Jurisdiction / Organization Planning Team Role
Ackerman, Char Town of Oro Valley
MJPT Member, Jurisdictional Point of
Contact, Lead Planner for the Town of Oro
Valley
Hill, Sgt. David City of Tucson / Office of
Emergency Management
MJPT Member, Jurisdictional Point of
Contact and Lead Planner for City of Tucson
Lebsack, Rita Town of Marana MJPT Member, Jurisdictional Point of
Contact, Lead Planner for Town of Marana
Galvale, Galovale Town of Sahuarita
MJPT Member, Jurisdictional Point of
Contact, Lead Planner for the Town of
Sahuarita, LPT Lead for the Town’s
Wastewater and Floodplain Hazard
Maese, Alexandria AZ Department of Emergency and
Military Affairs
State Mitigation Strategic Planner,
Management Level Support for Planning
Effort, Mitigation Strategy Development
Mesa, Paul Pascua Yaqui Tribe Office of
Emergency Management
MJPT Member, Lead Jurisdictional Point of
Contact, Lead Planner for Pascua Yaqui
Tribe
Moya-Flores Griselda Pima County Office of Emergency
Management Lead Planner
An integral part of the planning process was working with other agencies and organizations, both within and outside
of the participating jurisdiction’s governance, to obtain specialized information and data for inclusion into the Plan or
to provide more public exposure to the planning process. In addition to the adopting jurisdictions, several agencies
and organizations that operate within, or have jurisdiction over small and large areas of Pima County were invited to
participate in the planning process. Some were invited to the first planning meeting, while others were brought in as
the MJPT discovered a need for their assistance.
The other agencies and organizations who assisted by providing data or otherwise contributing to this Plan are listed
in Table 3-2. The specific jurisdiction with whom they collaborated is noted.
Table 3-2: Local Planning Team and Content Resources (participants in bold returning members)
Name Agency/Dept./Division Role/Contribution
Abraham, Peter Town of Oro Valley Local Planning Team Member for Town of
Oro Valley
Abramovitz, Beth Town of Sahuarita Local Planning Team Leader for Town of
Sahuarita
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: PLANNING PROCESS 33
Table 3-2: Local Planning Team and Content Resources (participants in bold returning members)
Name Agency/Dept./Division Role/Contribution
Acuña, Guy Pima County Office of Emergency
Management
Local Planning Team Member for Pima
County, Wildfire Hazard Technical
Information
Adler, Margie Town of Oro Valley Local Planning Team Member for Town of
Oro Valley
Armendariz, Xavier Pima County Information
Technology
Local Planning Team Member for Pima, GIS
Lead
Bahe, Jason Pascua Yaqui Tribe Facilities
Department
LPT Member for Pascua Yaqui Tribe, Flood
Information Resource
Bellavance, Bailey Town of Marana LPT Member Town of Marana GIS Support
Bowlden, Michael City of Tucson General Services
Department LPT Member for City of Tucson
Boyce, Karn Town of Oro Valley LPT Member for Town of Oro Valley, Water
Resources
Boyer, Chuck Town of Oro Valley LPT Member for Town of Oro Valley
Boyle, Erin NOAA Climate and Weather Expert
Bran, Keith Town of Marana LPT Member Town of Marana, Engineering
and Planning
Browning, Sharon Pima County Health Department LPT Member for Pima County
Burk, Daniel Tucson Fire Department LPT Member for City of Tucson
Canale, Todd Davis-Monthan AFB/Fire
Emergency Services Local Planning Resource
Cardnal, Chris City of Tucson GIS LPT Member for City of Tucson, GIS Lead
Casadei, Anna Town of Sahuarita Local Planning Team Member for the Town
of Sahuarita, Planning and Zoning
Catanzaro, Michael City of Tucson General Services
Department LPT Member for City of Tucson
Chavez, Kathy Pima County Office of
Sustainability
LPT Member for Pima County, Climate
Resource, Drought Hazard Lead
Conroy, Jim Town of Marana LPT Member for Town of Marana, Fire
Hazard Mitigation Information
Conway, Michael Arizona Geological Survey, The
University of Arizona Climate and Geological Expert
Crowe, Jonathan Pima County Department of
Transportation
LPT Member for Pima County, Landslide
Hazard lead
Drozd, Ken NOAA Climate and Weather Expert
Espinoza, Sandra Pima County Office of Emergency
Management
LPT Member for Pima County,
Management Level Support
El-Ali, Mo Town of Marana LPT Member for Town of Marana Public
Works Information
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: PLANNING PROCESS 34
Table 3-2: Local Planning Team and Content Resources (participants in bold returning members)
Name Agency/Dept./Division Role/Contribution
Felix, Fred City of Tucson Transportation and
Mobility LPT Member for City of Tucson
Flood, Jennifer Town of Marana LPT Member for Town of Marana,
Floodplain Information
Flores, Carlos Pascua Yaqui Tribe Fire Pascua
Yaqui Tribe Department
LPT Member for Pascua Yaqui Tribe, Fire
Ordinances, Laws and Codes Resource
Fortes, Tony Land Department LPT Member for Pascua Yaqui Tribe, GIS
planning resource
Freer, Richard Town of Oro Valley LPT Member for Town of Oro Valley , GIS
Support
Hathaway, Vic Town of Marana LPT Member for Town of Marana,
Community Description Resource
Hitt, Greg Pima County Capital Program
Office
LPT Member for Pima County, Designated
Liaison for City of South Tucson
Hoyos, Artemio Pascua Yaqui Tribe Economic
Development
LPT Member for Pascua Yaqui Tribe,
Community Description, Economic and Land
Use Planning Resource
Jackson, Greg City of Tucson Parks and
Recreation LPT Member for City of Tucson
Johnson, Sgt. Steven Town of Marana Police
Department LPT Member for Town of Marana
Kosiorowski, Joey Green Valley Fire District Historical Information for Wildfire Hazard
Ladd, Keith University of Arizona Climate Resource
Lee, Jenette Pima County Regional Wastewater
Reclamation
LPT Member for Pima County, Wastewater,
Wind Hazard Lead
Leibold, Elizabeth City of Tucson Transportation and
Mobility LPT Member for City of Tucson
Lewis, Lt. Dan
Tucson Police
Department/Emergency
Management
LPT Member for City of Tucson, Supervisor
City of Tucson project
Luna, Fatima City of Tucson Mayor and Council LPT Member for City of Tucson
Lunde, Steve Golder Ranch Fire District LPT Member for Town of Oro Valley
Macias, Barbara Pascua Yaqui Tribe Information &
Technology Department
LPT Member for Pascua Yaqui Tribe, IT
Network Resource
Matus Sr., Andre Pascua Yaqui Tribe Office of
Emergency Management
LPT Member for Pascua Yaqui Tribe, Hazard
Mitigation Actions and Projects Development
Matus, Andre Pascua Yaqui Tribe Fire
Department
LPT Member for Pascua Yaqui Tribe,
Wildland Fire Resource
McDowell, Jennifer Pima County Health Department LPT Member, Lead Planner for Pima County
Health Department
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: PLANNING PROCESS 35
Table 3-2: Local Planning Team and Content Resources (participants in bold returning members)
Name Agency/Dept./Division Role/Contribution
McGlone, Matt Pima County Office of Emergency
Management
LPT Member, Community Outreach, Public
Information Assistance for Pima County
Orchard, Lynn Pima County Regional Flood
Control
Advisory Information for Flood Hazard and
Flood Notifications
Overstreet, Glenna City of Tucson Parks and
Recreation LPT Member For City of Tucson
Quintanar, Dan Tucson Water LPT Member For City of Tucson
Romero, Lisa Pima County Office of Emergency
Management
LPT Member, Jurisdictional Administrative
Support for Pima County
Saxe, Greg Pima County Regional Flood
Control LPT Member, Flood Hazard Lead
Shepp, Eric Pima County Regional Flood
Control
LPT Member For Pima County, Flood
Information Source
Simms, Karen Pima County National Resources,
Parks and Recreation LPT Member For Pima County
Simms, Millini Town of Oro Valley LPT Member for Town of Oro Valley
Simon, Michelle Pima County Library Local Planning Resource, Ask A Librarian
Resource For Community Profile
Small, Elias Davis-Monthan AFB 355th Wing Local Planning Resource
Spiker, John Town of Oro Valley LPT Member for Town of Oro Valley
Toma, Michael Pascua Yaqui Tribe Fire
Department
LPT Member for Pascua Yaqui Tribe,
Environmental Resource
Trevillyan, Clayton City of Tucson Planning and
Development LPT Member for City of Tucson
Valenzuela, Louie Pima County Health Department LPT Member, Jurisdictional Point of Contact
for Pima County Health Department
Valenzuela, Steve Pascua Yaqui Tribe Facilities
Department
LPT Member for Pascua Yaqui Tribe,
Community Description, Transportation,
Traffic Resource
3.3 Public and Stakeholder Involvement
Public involvement and input to the planning process was encouraged cooperatively among all the participating
jurisdictions using several venues throughout the revision planning cycle. This Plan remains on the county and
individual jurisdiction’s websites on a continual basis throughout all phases of the planning process. Once approved
and adopted by each jurisdiction it will remain on Pima County’s website for public review and comment. Public
comments submitted through Pima County’s website will be managed by Pima County disseminated to local
jurisdictions for consideration and incorporation into the Plan. Stakeholders are assumed jurisdictional representatives,
technical and subject matter experts and others not considered members of the public who have an interest in the
development or use of the plan.
The pre-draft public involvement strategy for the Plan development included public web notices. The 2017 Plan was
posted to the county website and made available for public review and comment. The local jurisdictions placed
announcements on their websites linking the reader to the Plan on the county website. The post-draft strategy included
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: PLANNING PROCESS 36
posting the draft plan to the county website, with website links from local jurisdictions, and requesting public
comment. The PCOEM monitored the public notices through the county website, no questions or comments were
received from either the draft or post-draft version of the Plan from the general public.
The PCOEM also reached out to surrounding counties during plan revision at regional meetings held by the Arizona
Department of Emergency and Military Affairs.
For the Pascua Yaqui Tribe specifically, the Tribal Local Planning Team developed public notices that included links
for capturing public feedback and comments. The initial notification of the 2022 Plan update was coordinated through
the Pascua Yaqui Tribe Office of Emergency Management (PYT-OEM). In the notice circulated to the tribal
communities and stakeholders, all requests for additional information, questions, or comments were routed to the
PYT-OEM. The notice was also posted at the tribal administration office and included an area for comments to be
submitted.
The PYT-OEM also distributed the notice for public comment on the draft of the 2022 Plan update. The notice
included a link to Pima County’s website for public review and comment. In addition, PYT-OEM’s contact
information was included as an additional method for collecting information, questions and, comments from tribal
communities and stakeholders. The PYT-OEM monitored all online forums as well as in-person opportunities for
public comment or feedback over the planning process update; however, no comments or feedback were submitted to
be consolidated and incorporated into the Plan.
Tribal Definition of “Public”
While the Tribe does not have a specific legal definition of “public” the Tribe acknowledges its general public
audience consists of enrolled tribal members, tribal-enterprise employees, and its visitors. The Pascua Yaqui Tribe
has formulated the following statement to define “public” for the purposes of this planning effort to satisfy the Tribal
Planning requirements:
“All residents of the Pascua Yaqui Reservation, as its boundaries may be revised from time to time.”
Table 3-3: Past Public and Stakeholder Involvement
Jurisdiction Activity or Opportunity
Pima County
• Maintained the county website that included the current Plan and provided contact information for
continued comment and input.
• Attended community events and engaged with the public on mitigation and preparation activities.
• Conducted Emergency Management meetings with local emergency management professionals on a
quarterly basis and discussed hazard mitigation events.
• Worked with Pima County Regional Flood Control District on Community Rating System
requirements such as planning and exercising.
• Continued to improve and expand Public Notification and Warning capability, working with County
DOT and PRFCD to expand monitoring, in addition to increasing awareness for partners and
community members.
• Maintained social media presence and focus on mitigation measures that citizens can take before
monsoon and fire seasons.
• Posted warning notices/pamphlets at public trailheads managed by Pima County Natural Resources,
Parks, and Recreation regarding risks associated with flooding and overheating.
• Provided environmental education programs that included components of monsoon safety, wildfire
danger, and heat injury awareness.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: PLANNING PROCESS 37
Table 3-3: Past Public and Stakeholder Involvement
Jurisdiction Activity or Opportunity
City of
Tucson
• City of Tucson Office of Emergency Management webpages were dedicated to preparedness and
mitigation topics.
• Performed annual “Operation Splash” outreach efforts to raise awareness of the dangers of driving
through flooded washes and roadways.
• Performed annual “Operational Freeze” outreach effort to raise awareness of the dangers of cold and
freezing weather.
• Utilized “Don’t Get Swept Away, Find a Safer Place to Play” campaign to encourage people to avoid
flooded washes and other storm water infrastructure during the monsoon season.
• The Tucson Office of Emergency Management routinely utilized social media sites to share
preparedness and mitigation information to the public.
• Declaration signed by the Mayor and Council of September Preparedness Month, with public
preparedness outreach at public events, via social media, on television etc.
• Regular water conservation outreach efforts from Tucson Water Department via bill inserts, social
media, television etc.
• Weekly preparedness and safety tips via the Tucson Fire Department posted online and aired on
television.
• Monthly safety tips via the Tucson Police Department posted on social media.
• Provided preparedness and mitigation brochures and pamphlets to each of the City Council Ward
offices for their constituents, along with an orientation for Council staff on the mission of emergency
management including mitigation efforts.
Town of Oro
Valley
• Provided hazard awareness and preparedness information to the community through articles, social
media, PSAs, podcasts, website, newsletters, public surveys, videos, meetings, youth outreach and
education through the schools, and community presentations.
• Partnered with Pima County Regional Flood Control District on post Bighorn Fire flood risks,
mitigation projects, and outreach activities to properties affected.
• Provided staff support and technical guidance to homeowners, businesses, and HOAs about flood
mitigation projects on private property.
• Expanded annual pre-monsoon education campaign and free sandbag program for Oro Valley
residents.
• Annual proclamation for September as National Preparedness Month, with associated messaging.
• Provided information on how to sign-up for emergency notifications through CodeRed and Pima
County MyAlerts.
• Provided access to customer “WaterSmart” portal which encourages customers to conserve water
and track usage.
• Collaborated with regional partners on opportunities to engage the public through different
methods.
Town of
Marana
• Provided information to the public, business and first responders by participating in the Local
Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) for hazardous materials preparedness.
• Provided floodplain related hazard and mitigation information to targeted properties in high-risk
areas.
• Provided flood hazard outreach to residents of the Town of Marana, located within the flood plain.
• Provided a library of pamphlets in the Marana Municipal Complex (MMC) Lobby area for all
interested parties to peruse and take for reference.
• Established Water Academy which educates the community on water conservation and drought
considerations.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION II: PLANNING PROCESS 38
Table 3-3: Past Public and Stakeholder Involvement
Jurisdiction Activity or Opportunity
Pascua
Yaqui
• Continued mitigation activities in correlation to the Pascua Yaqui Tribe Improvement Projects
program.
• The Pascua Yaqui Tribe continued to use the plan for reference for profiling of cultural sites for
economic development.
• The Pascua Yaqui Department of Public Safety, who oversees mitigation planning, has supported
the plan by referencing the plan with other tribal departments for grants and infrastructure
improvement opportunities.
• During Tribal Recognition Days, an information booth was set up to promote mitigation
opportunities and hazard reduction.
Town of
Sahuarita
• Town of Sahuarita website (https://sahuaritaaz.gov).
• Town of Sahuarita Resident/Citizen Portal.
• Town of Sahuarita Facebook.
Table 6-1 summarizes opportunities for continued public engagement and dissemination of information each
jurisdiction plans to pursue when relevant and appropriate.
3.4 Reference Documents and Resources
Additional reference material, such as other plans, studies, reports, and technical information, was obtained during the
planning process and reviewed for incorporation or reference in the updated plan. Much of the additional reference
material pertained specifically to the risk assessment and the capabilities assessment. To a lesser extent, the community
descriptions and mitigation strategy also benefitted from additional document and technical information research.
Table 3-4 provides a reference listing of the primary resource documents and technical resources revie wed and used
in the Plan. Detailed bibliographic references for the risk assessment are provided in each hazard risk profile in Section
4 as footnotes.
Table 3-4: Resource documents reviewed and incorporated in this plan
Resource Description of Reference and Its Use
AZ Department of Emergency and
Military Affairs
Resource for state and federal disaster declaration information for Arizona.
Also a resource for hazard mitigation planning guidance and documents.
AZ Department of Water Resources Resource for data on drought conditions, statewide drought management,
and land subsidence all used in risk assessment.
AZ Geological Survey Resource for earthquake, fissure, landslide/mudslide, subsidence, and other
geological hazards. Used in the risk assessment.
Census Bureau Source for 2020 Census demographics.
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Guidance (How-To series) for floodplain and flooding related NFIP data
(mapping, repetitive loss, NFIP statistics), and historic hazard incidents.
Used in the risk assessment and mitigation strategy.
HAZUS-MH Based data sets within the program were used in the vulnerability analysis.
National Climatic Data Center Online resource for weather related data and historic hazard event data.
Used in the risk assessment.
National Weather Service Source for hazard information, data sets, and historic event records. Used in
the risk assessment.
National Wildfire Coordination Group Source for historic wildfire hazard information.
Pima County Hazard Mitigation Plan
(2017)
FEMA approved hazard mitigation plan that is the subject of the plan
update process.
Arizona State Climatologist Reference for weather characteristics for the county. Used for community
descriptions and risk assessment.
US Forest Service Source for local wildfire data.
US Geological Survey Source for geological hazard data and incident data. Used in the risk
assessment.
Western Regional Climate Center Online resource for climate data used in climate discussion.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 39
SECTION 4: RISK ASSESSMENT
4.1 Risk Assessment
One of the key elements to the hazard mitigation planning process is the risk assessment. In performing a risk
assessment, a community determines “what” can occur, “when” (how often) it is likely to occur, and “how bad” the
effects are, are generally categorized into the following measures:
Hazard Identification and Screening
Assessing Vulnerability to Hazards
Hazard Profiling
The risk assessment for Pima County and participating jurisdictions was performed using a countywide, multi-
jurisdictional perspective, with much of the information gathering and development being accomplished by the MJPT.
This integrated approach was employed because many hazard events are likely to affect numerous jurisdictions within
the county and are not often relegated to a single jurisdictional boundary. The vulnerability analysis was performed in
a way such that the results reflect vulnerability at an i ndividual jurisdictional level and at a countywide level. For most
of the hazards, quantitative vulnerability was removed, and a qualitative vulnerability created by each of the
jurisdictions for the hazards that they identified as priorities in their area.
4.2 Hazard Identification
For this Plan, the list of hazards identified in the 201 7 Plan were reviewed by the planning team with the goal of
refining the list to reflect the hazards that pose the greatest risk to the jurisdictions represented by this Plan.
Table 4-1: Comparison of Plan Hazards
2017 Hazards for Plan 2022 Hazards for Plan
• Drought
• Earthquake
• Extreme Cold
• Extreme Heat
• Flood
• Landslide
• Severe Wind
• Wildfire
• Drought
• Earthquake
• Extreme Cold
• Extreme Heat
• Flood
• Landslide
• Severe Wind
• Wildfire
The review included an initial screening process to evaluate each of the listed hazards based on the following
considerations:
• Experiential knowledge on behalf of the planning team regarding the relative risk associated with the
hazard;
• Documented historic context for damages and losses associated with past events (especially events that
have occurred during the last plan cycle);
• The ability/desire of planning team to develop effective mitigation for the hazard under current DMA
2000 criteria;
• Compatibility with the state hazard mitigation plan hazards; and
• Duplication of effects attributed to each hazard.
Each jurisdiction evaluated and rated the hazards using the Calculated Priority Risk Index (CPRI) and met to discuss
results amongst the jurisdictions after they had chosen hazards for their jurisdiction to address.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 40
The table below summarizes federal and state disaster declarations that included Pima County. If a hazard is not listed,
that means there were no events reported for that hazard.
Table 4-2: Pima County Declared Disaster Costs (1995 – 2020)
Incident
Type
Disaster Area
Declaration Date
State
Declaration Expenditures
State Federal Terminated State Federal
Statewide - Wheat (Karnal
Bunt) 03/13/96 10/21/98 $ 796,455.78
Wildfire Wildfire – Statewide 05/16/96 10/21/98 $ 1,000,728.63
Drought Drought – Statewide 06/07/96 10/22/98 $ 211,499.19
Red Imported Fire Ant –
Statewide 01/20/99
Wildland – Statewide 05/06/99 05/10/00 $4,894.09
Drought Statewide Drought 06/23/99 $ 4,894.09
Flooding
Pima County Flash Flood
Emergency - Pima County 08/16/99
02/23/00 $ -
Y2K – Statewide 01/05/00 02/23/00 $ 23,073.19
Severe
Wind,
Flooding
Gila Bend/Ajo Storm
Emergency
Maricopa & Pima County 08/01/17
02/02/19 $14,237
Terrorism Incident September
2001 – Statewide 09/12/01 05/19/09 $ 2,913,677.35
Forest Health Emergency –
Statewide 05/22/03 05/19/09 $ 2,378,061.14
Wildfire
Aspen Fire - Pima & Pinal
County 06/19/03 07/14/03
$675,568 $5,363,459
Mediterranean Fruit Fly
Emergency - La Paz, Pima,
Santa Cruz & Yuma 09/23/04 09/16/05 $197,421
Border Security Emergency -
Cochise, Pima, Santa Cruz &
Yuma 08/15/05 05/19/09 $1,492,758.44
Operation Good Neighbor –
Statewide 09/03/05 09/12/05 10/12/12 $ 113,040.05 $ 5,726,164.08
Flooding
Flash Flood Emergency -
Pima County 09/16/05 02/07/08 $256,948.47
Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter
Inf. - Cochise, Yuma, Pima,
Pinal, Maricopa & Santa Cruz 06/23/06 05/19/09
$567,257
Severe
Wind,
Flooding
Monsoons & Flooding -
Pinal, Pima, Gila, Graham,
Greenlee, Navajo 08/08/06 09/07/06
Est.
$2,409,278 $12,141,752
Flooding
January 2008 Severe
Precipitation Emergency -
Pima County 02/19/08 01/28/11 $231,798
Winter
Storm
January 2010 Severe Winter
Storm - Apache, Coconino,
Gila, Greenlee La Paz,
Maricopa, Mohave, Navajo,
Pima, Pinal, Yavapai, City of
Yuma 01/21/10 03/18/10
Est.
$4,497,895
Est.
$14,210,904
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 41
Table 4-2: Pima County Declared Disaster Costs (1995 – 2020)
State Wide Opioid Health
Emergency 06/05/17
05/29/18
State Wide Wildfire
Suppression 04/23/17
06/30/17
$ 5,450,375.34
Winter
Storms
February 2019 Winter Storms
- Apache, Coconino, Gila,
Mohave, Navajo, Pima, and
Yavapai Counties
02/28/19
#1
07/18/19
Est
$ 2,200,000.00
Riots - Phoenix, Flagstaff,
Gilbert, DPS, Kingman,
Cochise County, Eloy, NAU,
Pima County, Tucson, ASU,
Buckeye, Chandler, Glendale,
Maricopa County Sheriff's
Office, Mesa, Paradise
Valley, Scottsdale, Surprise,
Tempe
05/31/2020
12/21/2020
Est.
$200,000
Totals
$
25,812,670.36 $ 37,442,279.75
Source: DEMA Emergency Declarations 1966 to Present, 2021 https://dema.az.gov/emergency-
management/operationscoordination/recovery-branch/infrastructure
4.3 Vulnerability Analysis Methodology
General
The following sections summarize the methodologies used to perform the vulnerability analysis portion of the risk
assessment. For this update, the entire vulnerability analysis was either revised or updated to reflect the availability of
new hazard and census data. Individual jurisdictions discuss their vulnerably to chosen hazards in the appropriate
section.
Climate Change
Climate is a major driver of our weather and influences the severity of cascading effects we confront as Emergency
Managers. The quantity and intensity of disasters continues to increase. As such, it is important to increase awareness
and understanding of climate change as a compounding threat and existing and future vulnerabilities as well as
potential solutions. In recent years, FEMA and others have begun to take a harder look at the impacts of climate
change on natural hazards and the mitigation planning process. In March 2016, FEMA released new state mitigation
planning guidance that will require all state hazard mitigation plans to address climate change beginning with all
updates submitted after March 20161. FEMA’s National Advisory Council noted that the effects of climate change
could manifest as a “threat multiplier”. When considering probabilities of hazard events, it is typica l to make the
implicit assumption that the past is a prologue for the future; however, trending changes to climate related variables
may require broader thinking and projections to develop mitigation actions and projects that account for those
changes.2
The scope and severity of cause and impacts relating to climate change are still difficult to predict and highly debated.
There is, however, a growing body of science and research that indicates a few noticeable trends that should be
considered when evaluating natural hazard vulnerability and risk. In 1989, the U.S. Global Change Research Program
(USGCRP) was established by Presidential Initiative and later mandated by Congress in the Global Change Research
Act of 1990 with the stated purpose of assisting “the Nation and the world to understand, assess, predict, and respond
to human-induced and natural processes of global change.” In 2018, the USGCRP released the 4th National Climate
Assessment (NCA), which is a comprehensive compilation of the latest body o f work and science on the topic of
1 FEMA, 2016, State Mitigation Plan Review Guide, released March 2016, effective March 2016, FP 302-094-2
2 Greenlee County All Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2021
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 42
climate change. The NCA results and discussion are divided into regions to focus the discussions and conclusions to
a regional perspective. The Southwest region includes the states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada , New
Mexico, and Utah. According to Chapter 25 of the NCA3, the Southwest regional climate change impacts noted in the
recent research include increased heat, drought, and insect outbreaks that result in more wildfires, declining water
supplies, reduced agricultural yields, health impacts in cities due to heat, and flooding and erosion in coastal areas. In
its 2018 report, the NCA released the following “Key Messages” for the Southwest Region:
• Water for people and nature in the Southwest has declined during droughts, due in part to human-caused
climate change. Intensifying droughts and occasional large floods, combined with critical water demands
from a growing population, deteriorating infrastructure, and groundwater depletion, suggest the need for
flexible water management techniques that address changing risks over time, balancing declining supplies
with greater demands.
• The integrity of Southwest forests and other ecosystems and their ability to provide natural habitat, clean
water, and economic livelihoods have declined as a result of recent droughts and wildfire due in part to
human-caused climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions reductions, fire management, and other actions can
help reduce future vulnerabilities of ecosystems and human well -being.
• Many coastal resources in the Southwest have been affected by sea level rise, ocean warming, and reduced
ocean oxygen—all impacts of human-caused climate change—and ocean acidification resulting from human
emissions of carbon dioxide. Homes and other coastal infrastructure, marine flora and fauna, and people who
depend on coastal resources face increased risks under continued climate change.
• Traditional foods, natural resource-based livelihoods, cultural resources, and spiritual wellbeing of
Indigenous peoples in the Southwest are increasingly affected by drought, wildfire, and changing ocean
conditions. Because future changes would further disrupt the ecosystems on which Indigenous peoples
depend, tribes are implementing adaptation measures and emissions reduction actions.
• The ability of hydropower and fossil fuel electricity generation to meet growing energy use in the Southwest
is decreasing as a result of drought and rising temperatures. Many renewable energy sources offer increased
electricity reliability, lower water intensity of energy generation, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and new
economic opportunities.
• Food production in the Southwest is vulnerable to water shortages. Increased drought, heat waves, and
reduction of winter chill hours can harm crops and livestock; exacerbate competition for water among
agriculture, energy generation, and municipal uses; and increase future food insecurity.
• Heat-associated deaths and illnesses, vulnerabilities to chronic disease, and other health risks to people in the
Southwest result from increases in extreme heat, poor air quality, and conditions that foster pathogen growth
and spread. Improving public health systems, community infrastructure, and personal health can reduce
serious health risks under future climate change.
FEMA has established that future changes in probabilities and severity of hazard events influenced by climate change
should be addressed during mitigation planning. Accordingly, the risk assessment portion of the Plan provides the
factual basis for activities that reduce future losses from the identified hazards impacting our community.
Wastewater - Multi-Jurisdictional Overview
Public wastewater collection systems and wastewater treatment facilities are located within one of three wastewater
Designated Management Areas (DMAs) in Pima County: (1) Pima County DMA - operated by the Pima County
Regional Wastewater Reclamation Department (PCRWRD), (2) the Town of Marana DMA and (3) the Town of
Sahuarita DMA. The Pima County DMA area includes the entire county area, excluding Tohono O’odham Nation and
Pascua Yaqui Tribe lands and the areas associated with the Sahuarita and Marana DMAs. Pascua Yaqui Natio n and
3 Fourth National Climate Assessment, Chapter 25: Southwest, https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/25/
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 43
the Tohono O’odham Nation lands are not part of the DMA but sewer service is provided through Intergovernmental
Agreements with Pima County. Also within Pima County are non-DMA, non-municipal, wastewater facilities that are
operated by private entities (e.g. Town of Ajo, Desert Museum, etc.).
• City of Tucson
• City of South Tucson
• Pascua Yaqui Nation (Intergovernmental
Agreement – Sewer Service)
• Tohono O'odham Nation (San Xavier District
– Sewer Service Agreement)
• Town of Marana – (excluding Marana DMA)
• Town of Oro Valley
• Town of Sahuarita – (excluding Sahuarita
DMA)
• Unincorporated Pima County – (e.g. Mt.
Lemmon-Summerhaven, Green Valley, Avra
Valley, Corona de Tucson, Arivaca
Junction)
Source: Pima County GIS
Figure 4-1 Designated Management Agency Boundary
In service of the jurisdictions noted above, Pima County owns and operates two major metropolitan and five sub -
regional water reclamation facilities with the combined total capacity to treat up to 95 million gallons of wastewater
per day. Wastewater conveyance and treatment assets within Pima County include 3,500 miles of sewer lines, 21
active pump stations, 67,000 manholes, 8,400 cleanouts, 28 odor control sites, and 36 permanent flow meters. Pima
County treats and recycles more than 58 million gallons daily of the community’s wastewater into reclaimed water.
High-quality recycled wastewater supports aquatic habitat along the Santa Cruz River, allowing the return of the
endangered Gila Topminnow and increasing the potential for the return of other native species. Clean, high -quality
treated wastewater also contributes to community drought mitigation measures, such as reclaimed water irrigation
programs and groundwater recharge.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 44
All-Hazard incidents (such as power outages, flood, landslides and subsidence, extreme weather, drought, pandemic,
cyber, and wildfires) have the potential for significant impacts to public health, the environment and other
infrastructure sectors due to loss of wastewater service.
Calculated Priority Risk Index (CPRI) Evaluation
The first step in the vulnerability analysis (VA) is to asse ss the perceived overall risk for each of the plan hazards
using the Calculated Priority Risk Index (CPRI). The CPRI value is obtained by assigning varying degrees of risk to
four categories for each hazard and then calculating an index value based on a we ighting scheme. Table 4-3
summarizes the CPRI risk categories and provides guidance regarding the assignment of values and weighting factors
for each category. Table 4-4 summarizes the CPRI results for each jurisdiction and unincorporated Pima County.
Jurisdictions each worked under their lead planner to complete their own CPRI scores and then the MJPT met to
review all scored hazards for consistency. In addition to Table 4-4, each hazard section has a CPRI table where the
jurisdictions in bold have chosen that hazard for the 2022 Plan.
Table 4-3: Calculated Priority Risk Index Categories and Risk Levels
CPRI
Category
Degree of Risk Assigned
Weighting
Factor Level ID Description Index
Value
Probability
Unlikely ◼ Extremely rare with no documented history of occurrences or
events.
◼ Annual probability of less than 0.001.
1
45%
Possibly ◼ Rare occurrences with at least one documented or anecdotal
historic event.
◼ Annual probability that is between 0.01 and 0.001.
2
Likely ◼ Occasional occurrences with at least two or more documented
historic events.
◼ Annual probability that is between 0.1 and 0.01.
3
Highly
Likely
◼ Frequent events with a well-documented history of
occurrence.
◼ Annual probability that is greater than 0.1.
4
Magnitude/
Severity
Negligible ◼ Negligible property damages (less than 5% of critical and
non-critical facilities and infrastructure).
◼ Injuries/illnesses are treatable with first aid and there are no
deaths.
◼ Negligible quality of life lost.
◼ Shut down of critical facilities for less than 24 hours.
1
30%
Limited ◼ Slight property damages (greater than 5% and less than 25%
of critical and non-critical facilities and infrastructure).
◼ Injuries/illnesses do not result in permanent disability and
there are no deaths.
◼ Moderate quality of life lost.
◼ Shut down of critical facilities for more than 1 day and less
than 1 week.
2
Critical ◼ Moderate property damages (greater than 25% and less than
50% of critical and non-critical facilities and infrastructure).
◼ Injuries/illnesses result in permanent disability and at least
one death.
◼ Shut down of critical facilities for more than 1 week and less
than 1 month.
3
Catastrophic
◼ Severe property damages (greater than 50% of critical and
non-critical facilities and infrastructure).
4
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 45
Table 4-3: Calculated Priority Risk Index Categories and Risk Levels
◼ Injuries/illnesses result in permanent disability and multiple
deaths.
◼ Shut down of critical facilities for more than 1 month.
Warning
Time
Less than 6
hrs Self-explanatory. 4
15% 6 to 12 hrs Self-explanatory. 3
12-24 hrs Self-explanatory. 2
More than
24 hours Self-explanatory. 1
Duration
Less than 6
hrs Self-explanatory. 1
10%
Less than 24
hrs Self-explanatory. 2
Less than
one week Self-explanatory. 3
More than
one week Self-explanatory. 4
Table 4-4: Hazards to Be Mitigated by Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction Drought Earthquake Extreme Cold Extreme Heat Flood Landslide Severe Wind Wildfire Unincorporated Pima County x x x x x x
Marana x x
Oro Valley x x x x
Pascua Yaqui Tribe x x x
Sahuarita x x x
South Tucson No data provided
Tucson x x x x x x
Asset Inventory
In 2017, the PCOEM obtained the critical infrastructure dataset from the Department of Homeland Security but was
unable to use the data in HAZUS. The Pima County Geographical Information System team member was unable to
integrate the data in a meaningful way. A detailed asse t inventory was performed for the 2022 Plan to establish an
accurate baseline data set for assessing the vulnerability of each jurisdiction’s assets to the hazards previously
identified.
Each jurisdiction is responsible for identifying its critical facilities and infrastructure. For the purpose of the Plan, the
working definition for:
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 46
Assets are: Any natural or human-caused feature that has value, including, but not limited to people; buildings;
infrastructure like bridges, roads, and sewer and water systems; lifelines like electricity and communication
resources; or environmental, cultural, or recreational features like parks, dunes, wetlands, or landmarks.
Critical facilities and infrastructure is: Systems, structures and infrastructure within a community whose incapacity
or destruction would:
• Have a debilitating impact on the defense or economic security of that community
• Significantly hinder a community’s ability to recover following a disaster
The following criteria were used to define critical facilities and infrastructure for this analysis:
1. Communications Infrastructure: Telephone, cell phone, data services, radio towers, and internet
communications, which have become essential to the continuity of business, industry, government, and
military operations.
2. Electrical Power Systems: Generation stations and transmission and distribution networks that create and
supply electricity to end-users.
3. Gas and Oil Facilities: Production and holding facilities for natural gas, crude and refined petroleum, and
petroleum-derived fuels, as well as the refining and processing facilities for these fuels.
4. Banking and Finance Institutions: Banks, financial service companies, payment systems, investment
companies, and securities/commodities exchanges.
5. Transportation Networks: Highways, railroads, ports and inland waterways, pipelines, and airports and
airways that facilitate the efficient movement of goods and people.
6. Water Supply Systems: Sources of water; reservoirs and holding facilities; aqueducts and other transport
systems; filtration, cleaning, and treatment systems; pipelines; cooling systems; and other delivery
mechanisms that provide for domestic and industrial applications, including systems for dealing with water
runoff, wastewater, and firefighting.
7. Government Services: Capabilities at the local, tribal, state, and federal levels of government required to
meet the needs for essential services to the public.
8. Emergency Services: Medical, police, fire, and rescue systems.
Table 4-5 summarizes the facility counts based on data from the HAZUS general building stock database. It should
be noted that the facility counts summarized in Table 4-5 do not represent a comprehensive inventory of all the
category facilities that exist within the county.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 47
Table 4-5 Asset inventory structure counts by category and jurisdiction as of December 2021
Jurisdiction Communication Infrastructure Electrical Power systems Gas and Oil Facilities Banking and Finance institutions Transportation Networks Water Supply Systems Government Services Emergency Services Educational* Cultural* Business* Flood Control* Residential* Agriculture* Marana 104 5 0 2 78 23 18 6 17 0 857 44 34,733 26
Oro Valley 31 1 0 2 53 60 13 8 16 0 790 24,479 13,078 17
Pascua Yaqui Tribe
4 0 1 0 1 0 1 5 2 0 3 0 3610 0
Sahuarita 16 1 0 1 75 16 13 3 11 0 40 7 5,834 3
South Tucson 1 0 0 0 3 0 3 1 4 1 169 0 1573 1
Tucson 657 13 1 15 413 17 83 53 302 4 7952 282 164,285 263
Pima County 723 9 0 10 424 61 75 56 130 12 4,104 714 152,617 253
County-Wide Totals 1,536 29 3 30 1,047 177 206 132 482 17 13,915 1179 375,730 563
*Assets were derived from HAZUS and included for context.
Other assets such as public libraries, schools, businesses, museums, parks, recreational facilities, historic buildings or
sites, churches, residential and commercial subdivisions, apartment complexes, and so forth, are typically not
classified as critical facilities and infrastructure unless they serve a secondary function to the community during a
disaster emergency (e.g. - emergency housing or evacuation centers).
Loss Estimations
The hazards profiled in this Plan revision may not include quantitative exposure and loss estimates. The vulnerability
of people and assets associated with some of the hazards is nearly impossible to evaluate given the uncertainty
associated with where these hazards will occur as well as the rel atively limited focus and extent of the damage. Instead,
a qualitative review of vulnerability will be discussed to provide insight into the nature of losses that are associated
with the hazard. For subsequent updates of this Plan, the data needed to evaluate these unpredictable hazards may
become refined such that comprehensive vulnerability statements and thorough loss estimates can be made. Loss
estimations for Flood to meet National Flood Insurance Program requirements are updated in the 2022 revision and
found in the Flood Hazard Section 4.4.5.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 48
Development Trend Analysis
The updated analysis will focus on the potential risk associated with projected growth patterns and their intersection
with the Plan identified hazards.
Specifically, for the Pascua Yaqui Tribe, a subdivision of 30 homes were developed within the last reporting period.
This was a HUD project; the homes have safe zones around them for the wildfire urban interface. They worked with
their Land and Development, Facilities Management, and Housing Department to make sure the development has
adequate drainage and infrastructure to reduce flood hazards. The Housing Department has increased the standard for
windows and insulation and other construction materials to reduce the exposure to extreme temperatures with energy
efficient design and construction. The Pascua Yaqui Tribe will continue working to improve residential and rental
properties to provide affordable housing solutions for its membership; Phase I of these projects consists of the
construction of 50 single-family units, currently in process. Phase II will consist of 27 town-home dwellings within 7
building structures. Phase III is in its incipient development; however, initial plans are for 50, one to two-bedroom
units within a three-four story structure.
Cultural and sacred sites are of high priority to the Pascua Yaqui Tribe and special attention is needed when
considering hazard mitigation of these areas. Because of their cultural importance, these sites require special attention
and protection. Normally, the Tribe does not share the location of these sites and areas. For this reason, these sites and
areas will not be included in this Plan. The Pascua Yaqui Tribe will ensure within its internal planning efforts that
these sites and areas are included in their mitigation activities. Cultural and Sacred sites are protected but are available
for tribal use. Information on sites can be requested through the Land Department which is located at 7474 S. Camino
Del Oeste. The Land Office Director can be reached at 520-879-5288. A separate appendix will be provided as an
appendix to this plan for tribal use upon adoption with approximate areas but not exact locations of cultural and sacred
sites.
4.4 Hazard Risk Profiles
The following sections summarize the risk profiles for each of the Plan hazards identified in Section 4.1. For each
hazard, the following elements are addressed to present the overall risk profile:
• Description
• History
• Extent
• Probability of Future Events
• Vulnerability
o CPRI Results
o Loss Estimations
• Changes in Development in Hazard Area
Much of the 2022 Plan data has been updated, incorporated, and revised to reflect current conditions and planning
team changes. Discussions for each hazard are limited to state and county impacts; however, jurisdictions may discuss
historical events in their vulnerability statements.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 49
4.4.1 Drought
Description
Drought is a deficiency in precipitation over an extended period, usually a season or more, resulting in a water shortage
causing adverse impacts on vegetation, animals, and people. It is a normal, recurrent feature of climate that occurs in
virtually all climate zones, from very wet to very dry. Drought is a temporary aberration from normal climatic
conditions; thus, it can vary significantly from one region to another. Drought is different from aridity, which is a
permanent feature of the climate in regions where low precipitation is the norm, as in a desert.1
Drought is a complex natural hazard on which human factors, such as water demand and water management, can
exacerbate the impact. The following are three commonly used definitions:1
• Meteorological drought is usually defined based on the degree of dryness, as compared to some “nor mal” or
average, and the duration of the dry period.
• Hydrological drought usually occurs following periods of extended precipitation shortfalls that affect water
supplies such as stream flows, reservoir and lake levels, or groundwater.
• Agricultural drought links various characteristics of meteorological drought to agricultural impacts, focusing
on precipitation shortages, soil water deficits, reduced groundwater or reservoir levels needed for irrigation,
and so forth.
The effects of drought increase with duration as more moisture-related activities are impacted. Non-irrigated croplands
are most susceptible to precipitation shortages. Many rangelands and irrigated agricultural crops do not respond to
moisture shortage as rapidly but yields during periods of drought can be substantially affected. During periods of
severe drought, lower moisture in plant and forest fuels create an increased potential for devastating wildfires. In
addition, lakes, reservoirs, and rivers can be subject to water shortages that af fect recreational opportunities, irrigated
crops, and availability of water supplies for activities such as fire suppression and human consumption, and the natural
habitats of animals. Socioeconomic effects include higher unemployment and lower land values . Insect infestation
can also be a particularly damaging impact by severe drought conditions.
The US Drought Monitor’s (USDM) drought intensity scale is composed of five different levels: D0, D1, D2, D3, and
D4. The abnormally dry category, D0, corresponds to an area experiencing short-term dryness that is typical with the
onset of drought. This type of dryness can slow crop growth and elevate fire risk to above average. This level also
refers to areas coming out of drought, which have lingering water defic its and pastures or crops that have not fully
recovered. It is also important to note that scientists only consider D0 level areas to be dry, and they are not necessarily
experiencing drought conditions.
The moderate drought category, D1, corresponds to an area where damage to crops and pastures can be expected and
where fire risk is high, while stream, reservoir, or well levels are low. The severe drought category, D2, corresponds
to an area where crop or pasture losses are likely, fire risk is very high, water shortages are common, and water
restrictions are typically voluntary or mandated. The extreme drought category, D3, corresponds to an area where
major crop and pasture losses are common, fire risk is extreme, and widespread water shortages can be exp ected
requiring restrictions. The highest category, exceptional drought, or D4, corresponds to an area experiencing
exceptional and widespread crop and pasture losses, fire risk, and water shortages that result in water emergencies.2
1 National Weather Service. (2008, May). Drought Public Fact Sheet. Retrieved 2016, from
http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/brochures/climate/DroughtPublic2.pdf
2 DROUGHT: Degrees of Drought Reveal the True Picture | National Centers for Envir onmental Information (NCEI) formerly known as National
Climatic Data Center (NCDC) (noaa.gov)
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 50
History
Arizona has been in a state of long-term drought since the mid-1990s according to the Arizona Department of Water
Resources 2020 Arizona Drought Preparedness Annual Report3. Figure 4-2 shows the weekly drought conditions from
2000 to 2022 for Pima County.
Over the past plan cycle (2016-2021), Pima County has been included as a primary county in USDA Secretarial
drought disaster declarations for crop years 2017, 2018. 2019, 2020, and 2021. (USD) 4
Figure 4-2 also illustrates the time series of drought conditions in Pima County from January 4, 2000 and January 4,
2022. The donut-shaped graph, to the right of the Arizona map, shows the average percentage of each drought level
from 2000 to present. The bar chart, to the right of the donut -shaped graph, shows the average percentage of each
drought level by year from 2000 to present. The time -series graph on the bottom of the dashboard shows weekly
drought levels in square miles for the state.
Source: Drought Data Dashboard | Arizona Department of Water Resources (azwater.gov)
Figure 4-2: ADWR Drought Dashboard 2000-2022
3 ADWR's 2020 Arizona Drought Preparedness Annual Report,
https://new.azwater.gov/sites/default/files/media/2020_AZDroughtPrepAnnualReport.pdf
4 USDA Disaster Designation Information https://www.fsa.usda.gov/programs -and-services/disaster-assistance-program/disaster-designation-
information/index
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 51
Figure 4-3 depicts precipitation data from NCEI regarding average Pima County precipitation variances from normal.
Source: Graph created at NCEI Climate at a Glance https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/county/time-series
Figure 4-3: Pima County average precipitation variances based on 1990-2020 trend.
The following is a representative sample of drought events that have impacted the County:
2017-2018
The extreme drought (D3) category was reached in late January across southeast Pima County, Santa Cruz C ounty,
and far southwest Cochise County including portions of the Tohono O'odham Nation, the Baboquivari and, Santa Rita,
Mountains.
Below normal precipitation occurred each month from August of 2017 through January of 2018. Soil moisture
readings were well below normal and ranked below the 20th percentile. Although most of the area received between
2 and 4 inches of precipitation from one storm system in mid-February, overall soil moisture readings only improved
slightly, and generally remained ranked bel ow the 20th percentile. Wildfire activity was suppressed as a result of the
widespread precipitation. While some rain did fall in the extreme drought area, amounts were light, ranging from 10 %
to 50% of normal for March in northern areas and less than 25% of normal in southern areas. Wildfire activity picked
up in April with at least five notable human-caused wildfires occurring in or near the Extreme Drought area.
Extreme drought (D3 category) expanded across the western half of Pima County and parts of southeast Pinal County
in May. Light rainfall amounts occurred on one day during the month, but this was not sufficient to stave off the
drought's expansion. Soil moisture values in the western deserts were ranked below the 10th percentile.
2019
The ADWR Annual Report Water Year 2019 describes conditions for Pima County as follows: 5
Short-Term (USDM): Water Year 2019 started with a mix of Moderate Drought in western and eastern Pima County
and a central pocket of Severe Drought. Through November, drought improved across Pima County as Moderate
Drought receded and Abnormally Dry conditions expanded across the County. By January, there was improvement
5 ADWR's 2019 Arizona Drought Preparedness Annual Report,
https://new.azwater.gov/sites/default/files/media/2019_ArizonaDroughtPreparednessAnn ualReport_Final_WebVersion.pdf
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 52
with Abnormally Dry conditions covering the eastern and southeastern Pima County with no drought in central and
western corners. In February, drought receded all across Pima County leaving the county drought-free. By September,
Abnormally Dry conditions returned in northern Pima County. Abnormally Dry conditions expanded across the
County with Moderate drought across most of Pima County as drought worsened.
Long-Term (MTC): From October to December, western Pima County was in Extreme and Severe Drought that was
radiating to the east with a large part of Moderate Drought in east corners. By January, Extr eme Drought had receded
in the western areas, and Abnormally Dry conditions and No Drought expanded in eastern Pima County. Drought
conditions continued to recede through the end of the water year with expansion of drought recovery into eastern Pima
County.
2020
The extreme drought (D3) category was reached during late August and continued throughout September across the
sections of southeast Arizona.
Below normal precipitation occurred each month from April through August of 2020 and the summer was the hottest
on record in many locations. Several lightning-caused wildfires and at least one human-caused wildfire spread rapidly
due to dry fuels and continued into September.
Dry, hot conditions in May created prime growth conditions for the lightning-caused Bighorn fire. The Bighorn fire
started in June and ran across the Santa Catalina Mountains consuming more than a hundred thousand acres before
being put out in late July.
Aside from isolated thunderstorms that produced heavy rain near the Pima/Cochise county line on the September 8th,
most of the area received less than 0.25 of rainfall during September, with continued record -breaking heat. While the
heavy rain on the 8th doused the relatively small Spud Rock Fire in the Rincon Mountains, several other lightning-
caused wildfires that started in August continued into September due to dry conditions and the lack of monsoon
rainfall.
In October, the extreme drought (D3) category, expanded further to include all of the Tohono O'odham Nation.
Extreme drought continued across all of southeast Arizona and the exceptional drought (D4) category began in eastern
portions of Pima County.
Tucson recorded its fifth warmest October on record and while most of October was dry and warmer than normal,
Tucson recorded its 4th earliest fall freeze on record, which was brought on by an early-season winter storm that also
produced low elevation snow during the last week of the month. Nevertheless, precipitation totals from this storm
were generally less than a quarter-inch in the valleys and not enough to stop drought conditions from deteriorating
further. Several human-caused wildfires took hold during October. The largest that month was the Encinos Fire which
consumed nearly 15,000 acres along and east of the Baboquivari Mountains in Pima County. Soil moisture readings
remained well below normal, falling to below the 5th percentile ranking in most areas.
The exceptional drought (D4) category expanded across central Pima County during November. The extreme drought
(D3) category, which began in late August and expanded through October, expanded slightly into the Huachuca
Mountains and continued across the rest of southeast Arizona except for western Pima County. Precipitation totals for
the month, which fell in the form of valley rain and mountain snow primarily November 7th through the 9th, totaled
0.10 to 1 inch. The 0.15 inch of rain recorded at the Tucson International Airport was the only measurable rainfall
received during September, October, and November, resulting in the 2nd driest autumn on record. November totals
across southeast Arizona were 0.5 to 1.5 inches below normal for the month and were not enough to keep drought
conditions from further deteriorating. Soil moisture readings remained below the 5th perce ntile ranking in most areas.
2021
The exceptional (D4) and extreme (D3) drought categories continued across a large part of southeast Arizona during
January through June, with the exception of western Pima County. Most areas only tallied 0.5 or less for t he month,
which is close to normal. A few locations received 1-1.5 inches of rain, but that was not enough to make up for record
rainfall deficits over the past 12 to 15 months. Soil moisture readings remained below the 5th percentile ranking across
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 53
most of southeast Arizona. Numerous human and lightning-caused wildfires occurred, five of which grew to more
than 10,000 acres during the hot, dry, and windy month.
A wet July caused the exceptional (D4) drought category and extreme (D3) drought category to cease across nearly
all of southeast Arizona. The extreme (D3) drought category remained across parts of the Tohono O'odham Nation.
July rainfall varied widely from 2 to 15 inches across southeast Arizona. In areas where the drought lingered through
the end of the month, this equated to 75% to 125% of normal rainfall while areas in which the drought eased further
rainfall tallied as much as 400%of normal. July ranked as the wettest on record for any month at the Tucson
International Airport where 8.06 inches was recorded. The rainfall caused wildfire season to end and soil moisture
readings to improve from below the 10th percentile to between the 30th and 70th percentiles by month's end.
Extent
An extreme, multiyear drought could impact the region with little warning. There is no commonly accepted return
period or non-exceedance probability for defining the risk from drought (such as the 100-year or 1% annual chance
of flood). The magnitude of drought is usually measured in time and the severity of the hydro logic deficit. There are
several resources available to evaluate drought status and even project expected conditions for the very near future.
The National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) Act of 2006 (Public Law 109-430) prescribes an
interagency approach for drought monitoring, forecasting, and early warning.6 The NIDIS maintains the U.S. Drought
Portal, which is a centralized, web-based access point to several drought-related resources including the U.S. Drought
Monitor (USDM) and the U.S. Seasonal Drought Outlook (USSDO). 7 The USDM, shown in Figure 4-2, is a weekly
map depicting the status of drought and is developed and maintained by the National Drought Mitigation Center. The
USSDO, shown in Figure 4-3, is a 6-month projection of potential drought conditions developed by the National
Weather Service’s Climate Prediction Center. The primary indicators for these maps for the Western U.S. are the
Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index and the 60-month Palmer Z-index. The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PSDI) is
a commonly used index that measures the severity of drought for agriculture and water resource management. It is
calculated from observed temperature and precipitation values and estimates soil moisture. However, the Palmer Index
is not considered consistent enough to characterize the risk of drought on a nationwide basis and neither of the Palmer
indices is well suited to the dry, mountainous western United States. 8
Probability of Future Events
More widespread drought and associated crop failure, more frequent or necessary larger reductions in livestock
numbers grazing on grassland pastures, movement of invasive species, more frequent wildland fire, increased energy
emergencies, and more intense climate events such as storms and extreme heat will occur throughout the County.
Extreme variability of precipitation across the southwest, combined with the trend of increasing temperatures, has led
to extremely dry conditions within the forest and grasslands of Pima County. A good monsoon season may provide
short-term relief, but it will do very little for the long-term drought.
6 National Integrated Drought Information System, 2016, National Integrated Drought Information System Implementation Plan , NOAA.
7 NIDIS U.S. Drought Portal website is located at: https://www.drought.gov/drought/home
8 Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1997, Multi-Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment – A Cornerstone of the National Mitigation
Strategy.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
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Source: United States Drought Monitor, 2021: http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/
Figure 4-4: U.S Weekly Drought Monitor Map
Source: United States Drought Monitor, 2021: http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/
Figure 4-5: U.S. Seasonal Drought Outlook
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
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SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 55
Due to climate variability, there is a likelihood of continuously higher temperatures and below -normal precipitation,
all aiding in drought conditions. The local vulnerability depends on duration, intensity, geographic extent, and regional
water supply demands by humans and vegetation.
Realizing the need for drought preparedness in Arizona, a Governor's Drought Task Force was created in 2003 and
the Arizona Drought Preparedness Operational Plan, including the Arizona Water Conservation Strategies Report,
was developed and adapted in 2004. The principal intent of the Drought Preparedness Operational Plan was to
establish a flexible framework to refine Arizona's drought monitoring process as well as the understanding of drought
impacts and mechanisms for limiting future vulnerability in Arizona.
Led by the Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR), the plan includes criteria for determining both short
and long-term drought status for each of the 15 major watersheds in the state using assessments that are ba sed on
precipitation and streamflow. The plan also provides the framework for an interagency group that reports to the
governor on drought status, in addition to local drought impact groups in each county and the State Drought
Monitoring Technical Committee. Twice a year this interagency group reports to the governor on the drought status
and the potential need for drought declarations. The counties use the monthly drought status reports to implement
drought actions within their drought plans. The State Drought Monitoring Technical Committee defers to the U.S.
Drought Monitor (USDM) for the short-term drought status and uses a combination of the Standardized Precipitation
Index (SPI), evaporation, and streamflow for the long-term drought status. Figures 4-6 and 4-7, present the most
current short and long-term maps available for Arizona as of the writing of this plan.
Source: Data Graphs | U.S. Drought Monitor (unl.edu)
Figure 4-6 Short-Term Drought Status Figure 4-7 Long-Term Drought Status
The current drought maps are in general agreement that Pima County is currently experiencing an abnormally dry to
extreme drought condition for the short term and in a moderate drought condition for the long term. The consensus of
the Monitoring Technical Committee is that several years of above normal precipitation woul d be needed before the
drought status is removed.9 Figure 4-3 indicates that the drought conditions are projected to persist or intensify for Pima County
over the next few months.
9 AZ Department of Water Resources, 2021 https://new.azwater.gov/sites/default/files/media/JointCAPADWR-FactSheet-CoRiverShortage-
2022.pdf
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When attempting to evaluate the probability of future events, it is important to note that potable water in Pima County
is derived from both surface water and groundwater. Surface water to Pima County users comes from, the Colorado
River, (through the Central Arizona Project (CAP) Canal).
Due to ongoing drought conditions in the Colorado River watershed, the US Bureau of Reclamation in 2021 declared
a Tier 1 shortage on the Colorado River beginning 2022. The shortage will impact CAP water supplies by reducing
512,000 acre-feet to Arizona’s allocation of Colorado River water. The shortage declaration was not unexpected, and
Arizona, the Basin states, and the federal government are continuing to work in re -consultation of the 2007 Operating
Guidelines and other consultations to reduce the decline of Lake Powell and Lake Mead in light of a hotter and drier
climate. The Tier 1 shortage will not reduce municipal and industrial deliveries to water providers in Pima County.
The other major source of water for Pima County is groundwater. This water has been pumped out of large subsurface
natural reservoirs known as aquifers. While a significant supply of water remains stored in the aquifers, groundwater
has historically been pumped out much more rapidly than it can be replenished through natural recharge and has led
to a condition known as overdraft. In 1980, Arizona implemented the Groundwater Management Code to promote
conservation and long-range planning of water resources, including reducing reliance on groundwater supplies. Active
Management Areas (AMAs) were formed based on groundwater basin areas and Pima County is mostly covered under
the Tucson AMA which covers 3,866 square miles in southern Arizona.10
Reclaimed water, or effluent, is the only increasing source of water in the county, although it constitutes only a small
amount of the overall water used. As the regional population grows; increasing amounts of reclaimed water will be
available for agriculture, golf courses, and landscape irrigation, as well as industrial cooling, and maintenance of
wildlife areas.
Vulnerability
Table 4-6: CPRI Results for Drought
Participating Jurisdiction Probability
Magnitude/
Severity
Warning
Time Duration
CPRI
Score
Marana Likely Critical 12-24 hours >1 week 3.25
Oro Valley Highly likely Critical >24 hours >1 week 3.25
Pascua Yaqui Tribe Likely Limited >24 hours >1 week 2.50
Sahuarita Highly likely Critical >24 hours >1 week 3.25
Tucson Highly likely Limited >24 hours >1 week 2.95
Unincorporated Pima County Highly likely Limited >24 hours > 1week 2.95
County-wide average CPRI = 3.03
Jurisdictions in bold chose to mitigate against the hazard
Drought is considered a high significance hazard for most of the region due to the extensive economic and
environmental impacts. Drought can be widespread and pervasive for several years.
Town of Marana: The Town has a 100-year assured water supply designation from the State of Arizona. Additionally,
Marana has been steadily working toward the use of renewable supplies rather than relying solely on our groundwater.
Working with the regional partners, Marana developed and adopted a Drought Preparedness Plan. The Town of
Marana Water Plan differs in some ways from other local provider plans and stages. The Town’s plan was adopted to
heighten awareness and provide response to the potential red uction in the Town’s available water supply due to
drought.
Town of Oro Valley: The susceptibility of the desert southwest to drought conditions continues to be a focus area
across the federal, state, county, and local levels. The Town of Oro Valley, as part of the larger system, is not immune
to the vulnerability to drought. For example, the management of the Colorado River is a multi -state system for power
generation, drinking water, agriculture, and tourism. In 2021, drought conditions across the southwest triggered the
first water shortages and restrictions on the Colorado River, having significant economic impacts across the entire
system. The shortages cause water resources to be significantly more expensive, leading to direct increased economic
10 Tucson AMA | Arizona Department of Water Resources (azwater.gov)
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
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costs to the Town. Continued trends of higher average temperatures and less precipitation may also trigger power
generation and additional water supply across the region issues in the future. Extended drought conditions also lead
to a higher risk for wildfire, which also increases the risk for post-fire flooding. These many variables all impact the
public health, safety, and economic resiliency of the community.
Town of Sahuarita: Currently, the Town of Sahuarita does not own or operate a water company. Within the town a
limits, there currently are six independent privately owned water companies and smaller areas served by on -site wells.
The list of providers includes:
• Community Water of Green Valley
• Farmers Water
• Las Quintas Serenas Water
• Quail Creek Water
• Sahuarita Village Water
• Sahuarita Water
Recognizing that all water companies are vulnerable to drought, the water companies have worked with each other
and the town to develop an area wide drought plan. The drought plan considers Arizona Department of Water
Resources goal of safe yield. Including obtaining an assured water supply certificate for many of the master plan
communities.
City of Tucson: The City of Tucson has seen continual growth in populations and in size of the city limits. The natural
growth of the City of Tucson has put an increased need on water usage, which has effected City of Tucson water
reserves. The City of Tucson uses two thirds of its annual delivery of CAP water on an annual basis, which only allows
for one third of its allotment to go into the aquifers for future use. In 2020, the National Weather Service reported the
driest year on record for Tucson area with only 1.64 inches during the monsoon season. Since 2016, Tucson has
received on an average of 12.4 inches of rain per year where the national average in the United States is over 30 inches
per year.
The Tucson Water Department utilized the area’s ground water resource to supply water to its custom ers (citizens and
businesses) within the City via a large system of wells for decades. Over a decade of drought, leading to the lack of
replenishment of ground water tables, has stressed the water supply and lead to measurable subsidence (drop in
elevation) in area of the city as ground water tables are drained.
While the Tucson Water Department has begun to use its allotment of Colorado River Water to replenish water tables,
and while they continue to undertake several water conservation programs for resi dents and business owner, continued
periods of drought place stress on the water system leading to increase vulnerability for water storages in the future.
Unincorporated Pima County: The County is vulnerable to drought for the same reasons as the other jurisdictions.
Pima County-owned and maintained open space and riparian habitat are most vulnerable to the impacts of sustained
drought conditions. It is important the County continue to implement adaptive management strategies that include
land conservation, riparian habitat restoration and protection of groundwater-dependent ecosystems. Existing building
and land use codes requiring low water use fixtures and drought tolerant, native landscaping have helped reduce
residential and commercial water consumption. Improved water quality at its wastewater reclamation facilities allows
more uses of reclaimed water to support riparian habitat, replenish the aquafer and replace groundwater uses on parks
and landscaping. Continued monitoring of local and state -wide drought conditions through the Local Drought Impact
Group and ADWR Drought Program will enable Pima County to take proactive, planned mitigation measures should
drought conditions persist or worsen. Pima County has a Drought Response Plan that establishes a four-stage trigger
category corresponding to the Arizona Drought Monitor Report. Each “Stage” declaration within the county triggers
drought stage reduction measures.11 Actions within the plan will provide for maximum beneficial use of water
resources for the interest of the public health, safety and welfare.
11 Pima County Drought Management, 2021: Drought Management - Pima County
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
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Loss Estimations
No standardized methodology exists for estimating losses due to drought and drought does not generally have a direct
impact on critical and non-critical facilities, except perhaps water supply systems. A direct correlation to loss of human
life due to drought is improbable for Pima County. Instead, drought vulnerability is primarily measured by its potential
impact to certain sectors of the county economy and natural resources including:
• Crop and livestock agriculture
• Municipal and industrial water supply
• Recreation/tourism
• Wildlife and wildlife habitat
Sustained drought conditions will also have secondary impacts on other hazards such as fissures, flooding, subsidence,
and wildfire. Extended drought may weaken and dry the grasses, shrubs, and trees of wildfire areas, making them
more susceptible to ignition. Drought also tends to reduce the vegetative cover in watersheds, and hence decrease the
interception of rainfall and increase the flooding hazard. Subsidence and fissure conditions are aggravated when lean
surface water supplies force the pumping of more groundwater to supply the demand without the benefit of recharge
from normal rainfall.
According to the 2021 annual report of the Pima County Local Drought Impact Group, the following drought impacts
were noted:
• Flooding in the fire burn scar of the 2020 Bighorn wildfire in the Santa Catalina Mountains continues to be
a concern. Long-term drought conditions intensified the wildfire extent and severity.
• Cienega Creek, a perennial stream in southeast Pima County continues to experience the impacts of sustained
drought and shifts to the seasonal pattern of flow. In June 2021 Pima Association of Governments recorded
0.641 miles of flow in the monitored reach of Cienega Creek, about 37% less flow than recorded in June
2020.
• Drought impacts on saguaros and other vegetation were observed along with resurgence of invasive species,
including buffelgrass, following an above normal summer monsoon season was reported.
From 2017 to 2020, farmers and ranchers in Pima County received $902,928 in disaster -related assistance funding
from the U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) for crop and livestock damages. Nearly half, $437,801 or 48 %, was
issued in 2018, following a record dry and hot fall, winter and spring in Water Year 2017 -2018, and Extreme and
Exceptional long-term drought in Pima County.
Other direct costs such as increased pumping costs due to lowering of groundwater levels and costs to expand water
infrastructure to compensate for reduced yields or to develop alternative water sources, are a significant factor but
very difficult to estimate due to a lack of documentation. There are also the intangible costs associated with lost
tourism revenues and impacts to wildlife habitat and animals. Typically, these impacts are translated into the general
economy in the form of higher food and agricultural goods prices and increased utility costs.
Changes in Development in the Hazard Area
With anticipated population growth, Pima County’s water providers will require additional water resources to meet
the demands of a projected population of 1.45 million by 2041 and focused water conservation efforts to reduce
demand. Significant growth in the ranching and farming sectors is unlikely given the current constraints on water
rights, grazing rights, and available rangeland.
The Pima County Local Drought Impact Group (LDIG), which is comprised of water providers and local, state, and
federal agencies and serves as the local component of the Arizona Drought Preparedness Plan, is tasked with
identifying local drought conditions and impacts, assessing severity and scope of impacts, ascertaining response and
mitigation options and recommending drought staging to County Administration. LDIG submits annual drought
reports to the state’s Drought Monitoring Technical Committee. Pima County has also developed a Drought Response
Plan and Water Wasting Ordinance that is administered and enforced through the Pima C ounty Health Department
for unincorporated areas of the county.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
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SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 59
Drought planning should be a critical component of any domestic water system expansion or land development
planning. Arizona Department of Water Resources ensures local water providers reduce their vulnerability to drought
and prepare response plans in the event of a water shortage through the development of System Water Plans that are
comprised of three components:
• Water Supply Plan – describes the service area, transmission facilities, monthly system production data,
historic demand for the past five years, and projected demands for the next five, ten, and twenty years.
• Drought Preparedness Plan – includes drought and emergency response strategies, a plan of action to respond
to water shortage conditions, and provisions to educate and inform the public.
• Water Conservation Plan – addresses measures to control lost and unaccounted for water, considers water
rate structures that encourage efficient use of water, and plans for public information and education programs
on water conservation.
Town of Marana: In the Town of Marana, the Marana Water Department requests voluntary conservation, asking that
customers limit landscape irrigation and avoid outdoor water uses like misters and car washes when possible. In the
years since its adoption, the Marana Water Department has diligently acquired renewable water supplies and grown
its service area. This year, the Marana Water Department will work with regional partners and the Citizens’ Water
Academy to recommend updates to its Drought Preparedness Plan. The Marana Water Department partners with state
and local entities to monitor drought.
Town of Oro Valley: Within the Town of Oro Valley, the use of potable water for the irrigation of higher use vegetation
such as turf in commercial and residential developments is the only option due to water system limitations. This
increases the Town’s risk and vulnerability to drought by not transitioning to lower water use irrigation systems,
alternative water supplies such as reclaimed water, and to lower water use landscaping and native plants (zero scape)
which support water conservation efforts and improve community resiliency to drought.
Town of Sahuarita: In the Town of Sahuarita, CAP water has been extended from Pima Mine Road to Nogales
Highway. FICO and Community Water of Green Valley have plans for CAP water .
City of Tucson: The City of Tucson continues to review and update the Tucson Water Department Drought
Preparedness and Response Plan.
Unincorporated Pima County: The following are the major water providers that operate within unincorporated Pima
County and have developed System Water Plans with specific recommendations and requirements during times of
drought:
• Tucson Water
• Marana Water
• Metropolitan Domestic Water Improvement District
• Flowing Wells Irrigation District
• Oro Valley Water Utility
• Community Water Company of Green Valley
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
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SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 60
4.4.2 Earthquake
Description
An earthquake is a sudden motion or trembling caused by an abrupt release of accumulated strain along faults that can
be found near or far from the Earth’s tectonic plates. These rigid tectonic plates move slowly and continuously over
the Earth’s interior, where they move away, past or under each other at rates varying from less than a fraction of an
inch up to 5 inches per year. While this sounds small, at a rate of 2 inches per year, 30 miles would be covered in
approximately one million years1. The tectonic plates continually bump, slide, catch, and hold as they move past each
other which causes stress that accumulates along faults. When this stress exceeds the strength of the rocks, an
earthquake occurs, immediately causing sudden ground motion and shaking. Secondary hazards may also occur, such
as surface fault ruptures, ground failure, landslides, liquefaction, and tsunamis. While most earthquakes occur near
the edges of the tectonic plates, many damaging earthquakes also occur in the interior of plates.
Ground motion is the vibration or shaking of the ground during an earthquake caused by the radiation of seismic
waves. The severity of vibration generally increases with the amount of energy released and decreases with distance
from the causative fault or epicenter of the earthquake. Additional factors, such as soft soils or the presence of
topographic ridges can further amplify ground motions. Ground motion causes waves in the earth’s interior, also
known as seismic waves, and along the earth’s surface, known as surface waves. Seismic waves include P (primary)
waves and S (secondary) waves. P waves are longitudinal or compressional waves similar in character to sound waves
that cause back-and-forth oscillation along the direction of travel (vertical motion), with particle motion in the same
direction as wave travel. They move through the earth at approximately 15,000 mph. S (secondary) waves, also known
as shear waves, are slower than P waves and cause structures to vibrate from side -to-side (horizontal motion) due to
particle motion at right-angles to the direction of wave travel. Unreinforced masonry buildings are prone to damage
from surface waves: Raleigh waves (retrograde particle motion), and Love waves (with horizontal particle motion
perpendicular to the direction of propogation).
Seismic activity is commonly described in terms of magnitude and intensity. Magnitude (M w), usually reported as
moment magnitude replacing the more well-known Richter scale, is a measure of the total energy released during an
earthquake. Intensity (I), as expressed by the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale, subjectively describes the
severity of an earthquake in terms of its effects on the earth’s surface and on human society. Although an earthquake
has only one magnitude, intensity varies by location – proximity to the epicenter-, substrate, building styles, and
population density, among other factors. Magnitude is the measure of the amplitude of the seismic wave and is
expressed by a logarithmic scale that represents the amount of energy released from the movement of the fault. An
increase in the Magnitude scale by one whole number represents a tenfold increase in measured amplitude of the
earthquake and a 30-fold increase in energy.
Another way of expressing an earthquake’s severity is to compare its acceleration to the normal acceleration due to
gravity. If an object is dropped while standing on the surface of the earth (ignoring wind resistance), it will fall towards
earth and accelerate faster and faster until reaching terminal velocity. The acceleration due to gravity is often called
“g” and is equal to 9.8 meters per second squared (980 cm/sec/sec). This means that every second something falls
towards earth, its velocity increases by 9.8 meters per second, per second. Peak ground acceleration (PGA) measures
the rate of change of motion relative to the rate of acceleration due to gravity. For example, acceleration of the ground
surface of 244 cm/sec/sec equals a PGA of 25.0%. PGA is commonly estimated for a n area and applied to building
and infrastructure design. PGA, and similar calculations, are important input factors in determining the amount of
shear stresses a structure can withstand.
One of the secondary hazards from earthquakes is surface faulting, the differential movement of two sides of a fault
at the earth’s surface. Linear structures built across active surface faults, such as railways, highways, pipelines, and
tunnels, are at high risk to damage from earthquakes. Displacement along faults, both in terms of length and width,
varies but can be significant (e.g., up to 20 feet), as can the length of the surface rupture (e.g., up to 200 miles). Surface
rupture is rare in small magnitude events and is usually associated with earthquake magnitudes greater than Mw 6+.
Earthquake-related ground failure, due to liquefaction, is also a secondary hazard. Liquefaction occurs when seismic
waves pass through saturated granular soil, distorting its granular structure, and causing some of the empty spaces
1Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1997, Multi-Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment – A Cornerstone of the National Mitigation
Strategy.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
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SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 61
between granules to collapse. Pore-water pressure may also increase sufficiently to cause the soil to behave like a fluid
(rather than a soil) for a brief period, causing substantial ground deformation. Liquefaction causes lateral spreads
(horizontal movement commonly 10-15 feet, but up to 100 feet), flow failures (massive flows of soil, typically
hundreds of feet, but up to 12 miles), and loss of bearing strength (soil deformations causing structures to settle or
tip). Liquefaction typically occurs where groundwater levels approach the ground surface, e.g., the Santa Cruz river
valley of eastern Pima County.
History
Seismic activity occurs on a regular basis throughout the State of Arizona, although most events are not felt, but are
recorded by the Arizona Broadband Seismic Network. Although rare, damaging earthquakes affecting Pima County
have been recorded in the past as follows:
• The earliest recorded earthquake affecting Arizona, and possibly the largest, occurred in 1830. With an
estimated Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) of IX recorded at San Pedro, AZ, approximately 25 miles west
of Tucson, the earthquake would have caused massive damage to built structures.2
• 1887, the Sonoran earthquake caused significant destruction in southern Arizona towns, including Tucson,
and was one of the largest earthquakes in North American history. The earthquake was caused by the
reactivation of a basin and range normal fault that is like other faults in Arizona .3 The epicenter was located
approximately 100 miles south of Douglas, Arizona, along the Pitaycachi Fault in Mexico, and caused great
destruction near its epicenter. The earthquake was so large that it was felt from Guaymas, Mexico to
Albuquerque, New Mexico. It is estimated variously to have been an intensity VIII and M7.6 earthquakes.
In Arizona, water in tanks spilled over, buildings cracked, chimneys toppled, and railroad cars were set in
motion. An observer at Tombstone, near the Mexican border, reported sounds ``like prolonged artillery fire''4.
With the increase in development, if such an earthquake occurred today it would cause extensive damage in
southeastern Arizona5.
The main faults of concern in Pima County are as follows and shown in Figure 4-8. The three main Quaternary faults
are the Pitaycachi, Santa Rita and the Huachuca faults. There have been no earthquake events of significance since
the 2017revision. The Mw 5.3 earthquake near Duncan, Arizona on 28 June 2014 caused some light shaking – intensity
of II-IV in Tucson and elsewhere in Pima County.
2 Arizona Division of Emergency Management, State of Arizona Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan
3 DuBois, S.M., and Smith, A.W., 1980, The 1887 earthquake in San Bernardino Valley, Sonora; historic accounts and intensity patterns in Arizona :
Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral Technology Special Paper no. 3, 112 p.
4 Arizona Division of Emergency Management, State of Arizona Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan; Bausch, Douglas B. and David S. Brumbaugh,
May 23, 1994. Seismic Hazards in Arizona –Arizona Ground Shaking Intensity & 100 yr Acceleration Contour Maps,
http://www4.nau.edu/geology/aeic/staterep.txt; D.B. Bausch and D.S. Brumbaugh, 1994, Seismic hazards in Arizona: Flagstaff, AZ Earthquake
Information Center, 49 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:1,000,000.; US Geological Survey (USGS): September 12, 2003, “Earthquake History of Arizona.”
http://wwwneic.cr.usgs.gov/neis/states/arizona/arizona_history.html
5 Jenny, J.P. and S.J. Reynolds, 1989. “Geologic Evolution of Arizona” in Arizona Geological Society Digest, No. 17.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
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Source: Pima County GIS, 2021
Figure 4-8 Southeastern Arizona Earthquake Fault Systems
Extent
Pima County is situated in the Basin and Range Province, characterized by rugged mountain ranges separated by deep
sedimentary basins. Rupture of mountain range faults in Arizona’s Basin and Range Province is infrequent,
nonetheless they do occur and are capable of moment magnitudes of potentially damaging moderate (Mw4) to large
(Mw7+) earthquakes. An enhanced continuous GPS network operated by Broermann and others, 2021 identified an
anomalously high strain rate for southwestern Arizona. The authors warn that this magnitude of strain could portend
release in one or more rare large-magnitude earthquakes in the future.6
Probability of Future Events
Probabilistic ground motion maps are typically used to assess the magnitude and frequency of seismic events. These
maps estimate the probability of exceeding a certain ground motion, expressed as peak ground acceleration (PGA),
6 Broermann, James, Bennett, R.A., Kreemer, C., Blewitt, G., Pea rthree, P.A., 2021, Geodetic Extension Across the Southern Basin and Range
and Colorado Plateau: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 126, e2020JB021355. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB021355.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
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over a specified period of years. For example, Figure 4-9 displays the probability of exceeding a certain ground motion,
expressed as PGA, in 50 years in the Western United States. This is a common earthquake measurement that shows
the geographic area affected (colored areas on map below), the probability of an earthquake of each level of severity
(e.g., 2% chance in 50 years), and the severity (PGA) as indicated by color.
Note that Figure 4-9 expresses a 2% probability of exceedance and, therefore, there is a 98% chance that the pea k
ground acceleration displayed will not be exceeded for 50 years. The 50 -year return period use is based on statistical
significance and does not imply that the structures are thought to have a useful life of only 50 years. Similar maps
exist for other measures of acceleration, probabilities, and time periods.
It is useful to note that according to the USGS, a PGA of approximately 10% gravity (0.10 g) is the approximate
threshold of damage to older (pre-1965) dwellings or dwellings not made resistant to earthquakes. The 0.10 g measure
was chosen because, on average, it corresponds to the MMI VI to VII levels of threshold damage in California within
25 km of an earthquake epicenter.
Figure 4-10 provides a more detailed view of the 2%, 50-year PGA map for Pima County. As demonstrated by this
map, the central portion of Pima County has a PGA that ranges between 0.06g and 0.10g. The eastern third of the
county is within the 0.10g to 0.12g range. The western portion of the county ranges from 0.08g to 0.16g with the
highest PGA values occurring along the Yuma County and Mexico border. Overall, PGA values for Pima County are
low in comparison with other counties within the State, and especially in areas of high population.
The possible effects of climate variability on earthquake probability should be low since earthquakes are non-climatic
in nature.
Source: United States Geological Survey:
https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/science/2018-united-states-lower-48-seismic-hazard-long-term-model
Figure 4-9: USGS Simplified 2018 Earthquake Hazard Map
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
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SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 64
Source: United States Geological Survey 2014 Seismic Hazard Map: https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/2014-seismic-hazard-map-arizona
Figure 4-10: PGA for a 2% Chance in 50 Years’ Recurrence
In general, the risk of seismic hazard in the urbanized portions of Pima County are relatively low; however, denser
populations, existence of high rise buildings, existence of unreinforced masonry buildings, and the lack of earthquake
awareness among its population elevate the risks associated with seismic activity.
The rate of seismicity in Pima County has historically been low, with the area’s most recent quakes originating in San
Luis in 1976 (M 6) and Baja, Mexico in 2010 (M 7.2). The largest impact of an earthquake on the metropolitan area
would be the economic impact from a catastrophic southern California earthquake, which would disrupt approximately
60% of Arizona’s fuel and 90% of Arizona’s food goods. The Tucson metropolitan area could also be signifi cantly
affected by a major quake in the Yuma or Northern Arizona Seismic Belt (NASB). A repeat of the 1887 earthquake
would result in significant damage to Arizona’s population centers, particularly where development is located on
alluvial plains and steep slopes. It should also be noted that although the small earthquakes occurring in Pima County
are of low seismic risk to buildings, the repeated shaking could eventually cause structural damage. In unstable areas,
small earthquakes may also trigger landslides and boulders rolling off mountain slopes.7
7 Jenny, J.P. and S.J. Reynolds, 1989. “Geologic Evolution of Arizona” in Arizona Geological Society Digest, No. 17.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 65
Vulnerability
Table 4-7: CPRI Results for Earthquake
Participating Jurisdiction Probability
Magnitude/
Severity
Warning
Time Duration
CPRI
Score
Marana Possible Critical 6-12 hours < 1 week 2.55
Oro Valley Possible Limited < 6 hours < 6 hours 2.20
Pascua Yaqui Tribe Possible Limited < 6 hours < 6 hours 2.20
Sahuarita Possible Limited < 6 hours < 1 week 2.20
Tucson Possible Critical < 6 hours < 6 hours 2.50
Unincorporated Pima County Possible Limited < 6 hours > 1 week 2.50
County-wide average CPRI = 2.36
Jurisdictions in bold chose to mitigate against the hazard
Only the City of Tucson chose Earthquake as a hazard to mitigate. Other jurisdictions gave it the same rating as 2.50
or higher, but it was not a priority for mitigation for those MJPT.
While earthquakes are not a regular occurrence in and around the City of Tucson - none have occurred within the last
planning cycle and the last documented earthquake occurring more than a century ago - there is nonetheless a
recognized and documented history of large earthquakes in the vicinity that have caused damage within the city. The
lack of earthquake awareness and preparedness over the last century as Tucson has built up and o ut, and without
specific building codes to protect buildings from seismic damage places the city is in a vulnerable position. Due to the
development over the past century, it is understood that an earthquake many years ago may have only tipped over
water towers and startled horses would today be likely to cause widespread damage and injury within the city.
The earthquake risk assessment performed for Pima County did not explore the potential for collateral hazards such
as liquefaction or landslide. However, losses associated with these ground failures would have been negligible given
the level of shaking expected for Pima County (i.e., not enough strong shaking to trigger significant ground failure).
However, Landslide has been added to this Plan as a hazar d for unincorporated Pima County.
Changes in Development in the Hazard Area
Future development in the Region is not anticipated to extensively change vulnerability to earthquake significantly.
The major Quaternary faults within Pima County are generally located within the mountain ranges where development
is limited due to state and local land ownership. The earthquake risk in the identified growth areas of the Pima County
jurisdictions is at the borderline of the 10% g PGA, which as previously stated, is the approximate threshold of damage
for older (pre-1965) dwellings or dwellings not made resistant to earthquakes. Throughout the county, new
development is typically regulated to comply with current building codes that will provide for more stable seismic
designs of new construction.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 66
4.4.3 Extreme Cold
Description
Pima County’s desert climate is generally prone to mild winters. The average overnight low temperature in the coldest
months, December and January, hovers around 40°F in the valleys. During the rest of the cooler parts of the year, in
late fall and early spring, low temperatures range from the lower 40s to the lower 50s.
This tendency for mild winters has led to infrastructure design that is not resistant to, nor built with the capacity for,
extended cold periods. Additionally, the tendency for mild winters means that t he people, residences, pets, as well as
plants, and wildlife in the county are not prepared for cold weather. It is for this reason that temperatures that would
be considered typical in other parts of the country where cold winters are the norm are instead considered extreme
cold in Pima County.
While on average winters in Pima County are mild, it is not unusual to see brief periods where overnight lows drop
below freezing or even reach hard freeze warning levels as described by the National Weather Servic e. While rare,
very cold temperatures (colder than 20°F) can also occur during the winter months especially in the eastern portion of
the county including the Tucson Metro area. The coldest temperatures often occur after winter storms move past the
region, precipitation ends, and skies clear allowing for rapid cooling at night.
Since many water lines and inlets to residences and businesses are above ground and exposed to the elements, and
since the populace is not well aware of the need to protect these pip es with proper insulation, these extremely cold
temperatures can result in frozen and burst pipes. This can cause extensive water damage to homes, businesses, and
government buildings.
Additionally, during extreme cold events, the populace seeks to keep warm by heating their home. However, due to
the typically mild winters, natural gas distribution systems to and within the City of Tucson have not been built to
handle peak loads during extreme cold events. This has led to instances of large -scale heating fuel outages during
spells of extreme cold, putting residents at risk, especially those vulnerable populations with access and functional
needs.
Finally, the culture in Pima County is to expect mild winters and therefore the populace is under-informed regarding
the potential for and possible impacts of extreme cold. This has and can lead to damage to homes, crops, and injuries
or deaths to people or their pets.
History
The National Weather Service qualifies “Extreme Cold” as incidents where temperatures or wind chills <-35F, and
“Cold” threshold of -18F. While temperatures throughout Pima County do not meet the NWS definition of extreme
cold or cold criteria, our community and infrastructure are at risk when we experience below-average temperatures.
These risks may include hypothermia to individuals resulting in death or damage to infrastructure such as frozen or
burst pipes. Events have occurred throughout Pima County with some regularity over the past years. A few examples
follow:8
• January 2017, very heavy snow and strong damaging winds occurred on the Santa Catalina and Rincon
Mountains. Numerous trees were toppled over along Catalina Highway near Mt. Lemmon. Additionally, one
felled tree damaged a cable line on one of Ski Valley's ski lifts. Power wa s lost to most of the mountain for
nearly 48 hours, and several of the communication and broadcast transmission towers were inoperable for
several hours before backup generators functioned properly. Reports of 18 to 24 inches of snow were
common. At lower elevations, rain caused rock slides that blocked portions of Catalina Highway and
damaged guard rails. Heavy snow and strong winds occurred on the higher elevations of the Baboquivari
Mountains including Kitt Peak.
• December 2018, heavy snow fell in the Catalinas with Summerhaven and Mount Lemmon Ski Valley
reporting more than 15 inches of snow. A semi-tractor trailer jackknifed in the snowy conditions on Mount
Lemmon Highway, blocking both lanes of traffic. The road closure resulted in about twenty peopl e whose
vehicles were farther up mountain having to spend the night in a shelter.
8 National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 67
• January 2019, a relatively strong and cold weather system impacted southeast Arizona New Year's Eve
through January 2nd. This storm resulted in heavy snow across area mountai n ranges through New Year's
Day, especially over 7000 feet in elevation with some locations receiving over a foot of snow. Heavy snow
shifted to the lower elevations south and east of Tucson overnight on January 1st and on January 2nd. Snow
levels dropped to 2500 feet and snow reports ranged from 2 to 7 inches on the valley floors.
• February 2019, a relatively strong and cold weather system impacted southeast Arizona on February 21st and
22nd. This storm resulted in heavy snow across area mountain ranges wi th locations above 5000 feet
receiving one to two and a half feet of snow. Snow levels dropped to 2000 feet during the morning of the
22nd with snow reports ranging from 2 to 10 inches on the valley floors. Green Valley, Vail, and Corona de
Tucson reported 3 to 7 inches of snow. There was an accident on I-10 eastbound near Vail. There were also
multiple accidents along I-19 including a rollover near Duval Mine Road. Snow fell in the City of Tucson
for several hours, with visibility reduced to less than a mi le at times. While several inches of snow
accumulated on non-paved surfaces, city streets remained wet or saw light slush accumulations.
• March 2019, a late winter weather system impacted southeast Arizona March 11th through 13th. This system
along with anomalously high moisture caused the Catalina, Rincon, and White Mountains to receive over a
foot of snow above 6500 feet. Snow began the evening of March 11th and continued into the evening of the
12th. By the afternoon of March 12th, a foot of snow had fallen in the Santa Catalina Mountains. Mount
Lemmon Highway was closed to everyone but residents for a time due to heavy snow.
• January 2021, a pair of winter storm systems moved across Arizona January 24th through 26th. The first
brought moderate snow accumulations to several mountain ranges above 6000 feet on January 24th. Mt.
Lemmon Highway was closed at the base as a result. Thunderstorms produced hail and gusty winds at lower
elevations. The second storm brought widespread heavy snow to southeast Arizona above 3500 feet and even
brought slushy snow accumulations and slippery road conditions to parts of the greater Tucson Metro area.
The bulk of the snow fell from the evening of January 25th through the morning of January 26th and was
accompanied at times by wind gusts of 35 to 45 mph. Snow accumulations of 3 to 6 inches occurred between
3500 and 5000 feet with 6 to 12 inches from 5000 to 7000 feet and 12 to 20 inches above 7000 feet. The
additional snow forced the closure of Mt. Lemmon Highway near Tucson to continue. Rain and snow showers
created slippery roads in parts of eastern Pima County, which led to numerous, mainly minor, traffic accidents
along I-19 near Green Valley and Sahuarita and along I-10 in northwest Tucson Metro area.
Extent
To calculate a magnitude and severity rating for comparison with other hazards, and to assist in assessing the overall
impact of the hazard on the planning area, information from the event of record is used. In some cases, the event of
record represents an anticipated worst-case scenario, and in others, it is a reflection of common occurrence. Based on
the NCEI records, the most recent event of record for extreme cold in Pima County occurred on February 2, 2011
when record cold temperatures dropped into the mid to upper teens across the Tucson area for several nights in a row.
There was also minimal daytime heating and high winds which combined resulting in two fatalities. The cold also led
to numerous burst water pipes. As a result, at least 2000 residents and businesses were without water at some point
for a day. Due to cold temperatures along the natural gas route from El Paso to Tucson, Southwest Gas could not meet
natural gas demand, which resulted in about 14,000 Tucson customers being without heat. In Green Valley, over
$17,000 in damage was sustained at 11 Green Valley recreational centers due to broken sprinkler systems. Pima
County and the City of Tucson collaborated to open a warming shelter for residents without heat. Untold numbers of
plants, trees, and shrubs were also killed by the record cold, including many saguaro cacti. This event resulted in $1M
in damages.9
Extreme cold can occasionally cause problems with communications facilities and utility transmission lines. Danger
to people is highest when they are unable to heat their homes and when water pipes freeze. In 2001, the NWS
implemented an updated Wind-Chill Temperature index. This index was developed to describe the relative
discomfort/danger resulting from the combination of wind and temperature. Wind chill is based on the rate of heat
9 NCEI Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information (noaa.gov)
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 68
loss from exposed skin caused by wind and cold. As the wind increases, it draws heat from the body, driving down
skin temperature and eventually the internal body temperature.
Source: NWS, 2021 https://www.weather.gov/media/safety/windchillchart3.pdf
Figure 4-11: National Weather Service Wind Chill Chart
Extreme cold in Pima County would be cold temperatures that would induce hypothermia in an individual either over
an interval, such as several days of temperatures that c ause body temperature to drop below 96°F or from a singular
drop in air temperature below 32°F, and without an adequate heat source, a person’s temperature would fall below
96°F.
Probability of Future Events
Despite the generally mild winters, over the last decade, the National Weather Service averages three published hard
freeze warnings in eastern Pima County each year.10 Thus, the probability of extremely cold weather is highly likely
on an annual basis. While any of these hard freeze events have the potential to cause infrastructure damage, damage
to the environment, and, most importantly loss of life, the most extreme cold events noted above impact eastern Pima
County with a high magnitude due to the nature of the typical building techniques, the design of utility infrastructure
in the region, as well as the culture where the residents expect mild winters and are mostly unprepared for extreme
cold.
10 National Weather Service, Tucson
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 69
Vulnerability
Table 4-8: CPRI Results for Extreme Cold
Participating Jurisdiction Probability
Magnitude/
Severity
Warning
Time Duration
CPRI
Score
Marana Possibly Limited 12-24 hours < 24 hours 2.00
Oro Valley Possibly Limited < 6 hours < 1 week 2.25
Pascua Yaqui Tribe Possibly Limited > 24 hours < 1 week 1.95
Sahuarita Possibly Limited 12-24 hours < 1 week 2.10
Tucson Likely Limited
> 12-24
hours <1 week 2.55
Unincorporated Pima County Likely Limited 12-24 hours < 1 week 2.55
County-wide average CPRI = 2.23
Jurisdictions in bold chose to mitigate against the hazard
The inherent nature of extreme cold makes it a regional threat, impacting most or all of the jurisdictions simultaneously
as well as extending the effects into the surrounding jurisdictions. Lower elevations and valley bottoms can be more
susceptible to trapping cold air, thus portions of Pima County are more prone to this hazard.
Town of Marana: The Town of Marana is rarely susceptible to extreme cold hazards. When events do occur they may
include frozen feeder line residential-scale pipes which may burst and lead to additional damages on public and private
properties.
Town of Oro Valley: While the Town of Oro Valley is potentially vulnerable to rare extreme cold events over a
multiple-day period, most of the community’s susceptibility to harm and damages is from cascading events. This for
example includes electrical or gas outages, frozen or burst pipes, and loss of vegetation due to frost. Frozen and burst
pipes can lead to damages, repair/replacement costs, and insurance claims due to flooding and water damages. As a
result of the extreme cold event in February 2011, the Water Utility updated standard details to make their water
infrastructure more resilient to freezing temperatures. Loss of electrical or gas heating during high-demand periods of
extreme cold would put many residents at risk, especially vulnerable populations. Due to the relatively mild average
winters, when these rare extreme cold events occur, the communit y may not be as prepared to highlight the importance
of messaging and education.
Pascua Yaqui Tribe: While there were no significant extreme cold events that impacted the Pascua Yaqui Tribe
specifically, both human and infrastructure losses could be expected with any significant extreme cold event. The at-
risk population needs to include Elders and Access and Functional Needs (AFN) populations will be incorporated in
planning methodologies and educational mitigation awareness.
City of South Tucson: While the City of South Tucson is potentially vulnerable to rare extreme cold events over a
multiple-day period, most of the community’s susceptibility to harm and damages is from cascading events. This for
example includes electrical or gas outages, frozen or burst pipes, and loss of vegetation due to frost. Frozen and burst
pipes can lead to damages, repair/replacement costs, and insurance claims due to flooding and water damages. While
not limited to just the City, a loss of electrical or gas heating during high demand periods of extreme cold would put
many residents at risk, especially vulnerable populations. Due to the relatively mild average winters, when these rare
extreme cold events occur, the community may not be as prepared thus highlighting the i mportance of messaging and
education.
City of Tucson: The City of Tucson chose it as a primary hazard to address due to its costly response costs particular
to their jurisdiction. The most extreme cold events impact Tucson with a high magnitude due to t he nature of the
typical building techniques, the designs of utility infrastructure in the region, as well as the culture in Tucson where
the residents expect mild winters and are mostly unprepared for the extreme cold. During the wintertime, extremely
cold temperatures are something the City is less accustomed to and prepared for. Local building practices and codes
do not consider the protection of water pipes from extremely cold weather, and local natural gas supply infrastructure
was not built to take into account the demand for heating fuels when the temperatures drop well below freezing for
extended periods of record-breaking cold. This type of cold weather has and can again lead to widespread failure to
deliver heating fuel and failure of water delivery systems, again leaving large populations within the City vulnerable.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 70
Loss Estimations
There is no standardized method for estimating losses associated with extreme cold events and none is made for this
Plan. From a historical perspective, both human and infrastructure losses could be expected with any significant
extreme cold event especially regarding loss of human life for those exposed to the cold weather for long periods, and
damage to water supply infrastructure. This is especially true in Pima County non-mountainous areas, such as the City
of Tucson, since extreme cold events are rare, and the general population is not likely to be prepared for such an event.
Changes in Development in the Hazard Area
While the extreme cold is a yearly threat, it is unlikely to affect future development. Enforcement and implementation
of modern building codes to regulate new developments, in particular the proper installation and protection of water
supply lines, in conjunction with public education on how to respond to hazardous cold conditions is probably the best
way to mitigate against such losses.
Pascua Yaqui Tribe: To address the hazard area of impacts from extreme cold events, over the reporting period, Pascua
Yaqui Tribe developed residential properties in order to provide affordable housing solutions, especially for elderly
and AFN populations. Adequate and modern housing for Pascua Yaqui tribal membership will address and alleviate
additional costs for temporary sheltering/heating for individuals/house holds who would otherwise fall into a
vulnerable population. Phase I of these projects consists of 50 single-family units, currently under construction. Phase
II will consist of 27 town-home dwellings within 7 building structures. Phase III is in its incipient development;
however, initial plans are for 50, one to two-bedroom units within a three to four-story structure.
Another significant update that would address the hazard area for extreme cold events was a project developed using
funding from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) to install and or replace central
heating/cooling units for Pascua Yaqui homeowners and renters that live on and off the reservation lands. This project
was able to fund the installation/replacement of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) units for 200 homes
and 450 rental units within New Pascua reservation proper. Additionally, the Pascua Yaqui Tribe installed or replaced
HVAC units for 550 members that reside off the reservation. The project was established to provide service to priority
households that consisted of COVID positive patients with inadequate or no HVAC unit, elders and or individuals
with comorbidities, and general population individuals
City of Tucson: Continued development also implies continued population growth, which raises the number of
individuals potentially exposed to variations in weather patterns. Education efforts should continue to help the
population understand the risks and vulnerabilities of outdoor activities, property maintenance, and regular exposures
during periods of extreme cold. The City of Tucson continues to actively implement a winter weather risk awareness
program to educate the public on the risks of severe cold during winter st orms
In preparation for freezing temperatures, the City of Tucson implements several different programs such as Operation
Deep Freeze, which works with voluntary organizations in providing shelter and temporary housing during the
extreme cold. In addition, Operation Freeze, a road treatment program, is put into place to make sure the City’s bridge
decks are free of ice and safe for motorists to drive over. During Operation Freeze, City crews place “Wet Road
Ahead” signs at bridge entrances and spray magnesi um chloride on the bridge decks to lower the freezing temperature
of water and prevent ice from forming on a roadway.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 71
4.4.4 Extreme Heat
Description
Extreme temperatures can occur within any area and can often have adverse impacts on the health and welfare of a
community or region. These extreme temperatures can affect people, pets, plants, and infrastructure throughout the
area. Extreme heat is considered a risk to Pima County residents.
Extreme heat is either high temperature above the 95th percentile for the date or the combination of very high
temperatures and exceptionally humid conditions that exceed regionally based indices for perceived risk. According
to the National Weather Service, heat is one of the leading weather-related killers in the United States. Heat is
responsible for hundreds of fatalities and even more heat-related illnesses.11
The major human risks associated with extreme heat a re as follows:
• Heat Cramps: May occur in people unaccustomed to exercising in the heat and generally ceases to be a
problem after acclimatization.
• Heat Syncope: This refers to sudden loss of consciousness and is typically associated with people
exercising who are not acclimated to warm temperatures. Causes little or no harm to the individual.
• Heat Exhaustion: While much less serious than heatstroke, heat exhaustion victims may complain of
dizziness, weakness, or fatigue. Body temperatures may be normal to moderately elevated. The
prognosis is usually good with fluid treatment.
• Heatstroke: Considered a medical emergency, heatstroke is often fatal. It occurs when the body’s
responses to heat stress are insufficient to prevent a substantial rise in the body’s core temperature.
While no standard diagnosis exists, a medical heatstroke condition is usually diagnosed when the
body’s temperature exceeds 105°F due to environmental temperatures. Rapid cooling is necessary to
prevent death, with an average fatality rate of 15% even with treatment.
Extreme heat affects individuals who work outdoors, as well as the homeless who have no access to shade or cooling,
particularly at night. Nearly 3,000 people visit Arizona emergency rooms because of heat -related illnesses annually.12
Hikers and others involved in outdoor recreation frequently succumb to extreme heat when they run out of water.
Extreme heat can stress the elderly and people with compromised immune systems or other health issues, leading to
heart attacks and respiratory distress. Many of the elderly and those in poverty either have no air conditioning or have
insufficient resources to use air conditioning during a heat wave. In the southwest deserts, air conditioning in the
summer is as critical as home heating in the winter is for those in the northern tier of states. Other vulnerable
populations during a heat wave include infants, young children, and those with functional or access needs.
In addition to the loss of life, extreme heat can affect infrastructure. Power lines are de-rated based on the ambient air
temperature, which provides cooling to this equipment. High temperatures and windless conditions can lead to power
lines as well as power transformers overheating, resulting in widespread power outages. Transportation systems also
suffer during extreme heat or cold. Rail lines can buckle in extreme heat as the metal expands. Thermal expansion and
contraction cause roadways to crack, leading to moisture penetration and degradation of asphalt or other road
construction materials. Extreme heat also threatens pavement markings and signage, shortening their life and requiring
more frequent replacement.
History
Extreme temperature events occur in Pima County on a regular basis, but damaging events typically occur during the
summer months. History would indicate that multiple deaths due to extreme heat are highly likely, especially for the
homeless, low-income, elderly, young, and people with access and functional needs. These populations are particularly
vulnerable to extreme heat due to the increased exposure to the natural elements and decreased ability to compensate
in the form of cooling apparatus.
Deaths of undocumented border crossers in the desert areas along the Arizona -Mexico border are also attributed to
extreme heat. In the majority of the cases, the Pima County Medical Examiner lists the cause of death as undetermined,
11 National Weather Service, 2016: http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/heat/index.shtml
12 Arizona Department of Health Services, 2020: Heat-Related Illness Summary 2016-2020 Arizona Residents and Non-Residents (azdhs.gov)
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 72
primarily due to limitations of examination of decomposed and skeletal remains. Environmental exposure to extreme
heat combined with dehydration contributed to 90 deaths from 2017 to 2020.13
During the summer of 2020, the National Weather Service issued numerous excessive heat warnings during a
persistently hot and dry summer/monsoon. New daily record high temperatures were established on 11 days during
the summer in Tucson and the high temperature exceeded 105°F on 57 days. August was the hottest month ever
recorded in Tucson for any month of the year.14 According to the Pima County Medical Examiner, there were 185
heat-related deaths in Pima County between 2017 and 2020 with the highest total for a single year was 47 deaths in
2020. 15
In the past, excessive heat events have produced these statistics:16
• June 2017, an extended period of excessive heat occurred across nearly all of southeast Arizona on June 6th.
The highest temperatures during the period were 118°F at Ajo and 117°F at Organ Pipe National Monument.
While no heat-related deaths occurred, there were numerous instances of heat-related illnesses in the Tucson
Metro area.
An extended period of excessive heat occurred across nearly all of southeast Arizona from June 18th through
the 25th. The Tucson International Airport reached 115°F on three consecutive days for the first time and
recorded the 2nd warmest reading on record of 116°F on the 20th. The low temperature of 87°F on the 20th
was the warmest on record for June. Dozens of heat-related illnesses were reported in the Tucson Metro and
two heat-related fatalities occurred west of Ajo.
• April 2018, hot temperatures were experienced in parts of southeast Arizona on April 25th with a temperature
of 97°F recorded at Organ Pipe National Monument. One heat-related fatality occurred in western Pima
County. The Pima County Medical Examiner confirmed that heat was the primary cause of death for one
adult male.
• May 2018, hot temperatures were experienced in parts of southeast Arizona on May 5th and 6th with a
temperature of 102°F recorded at Sells. One heat-related fatality occurred east of Sells. The Pima County
Medical Examiner confirmed that heat was the primary cause of death for one adult female east of Sells.
• June 2018, hot temperatures were experienced in parts of southeast Arizona on June 3rd and 4th with
temperatures of 107°F and 104°F recorded at Sells. One heat-related fatality occurred east of Sells.
Well above normal temperatures occurred in southeast Arizona on June 22nd and 23rd. Temperatures as hot
as 108°F occurred at Ajo, with a record high of 107°F at Sasabe and Sells and 106 at Tucson International
Airport and Green Valley. The Pima County Medical Examiner confirmed that heat was the primary cause
of death for one adult on the Tohono O'odham Nation on the 23rd.
• August 2018, above normal temperatures occurred in Western Pima County on August 2nd and 3rd. Organ
Pipe Cactus National Monument recorded high temperatures of 106 on the 2nd and 108 degrees on the 3rd,
while Ajo reached 109°F and 108°F, respectively. Low temperatures were also above normal, in the lower
80s. The Pima County Medical Examiner confirmed that heat was the primary cause of death for one adult
male just northeast of Ajo on the 3rd.
• September 2018, above normal temperatures occurred in southern Pima County on September 10th and 11th.
Sells recorded high temperatures of 102°F on the 10th and 104°F on the 11th, while Sasabe reached 101°F
on both days. The Pima County Medical Examiner confirmed that heat was the primary cause of death for
one adult male just east of Sasabe on the 10th and another adult male northwest of Topawa on the Tohono
O'odham Nation on the 11th.
• July 2019, above normal temperatures occurred in eastern Pima County on July 21st. The Tucson
International Airport recorded a high temperature of 104°F after a morning low of 81. Green Valley topped
13 Pima County Medical Examiner Reports, , Medical Examiner - Pima County
14 National Weather Service, Tucson, 2021
15 Arizona Department of Health Services, 2020: https://www.azdhs.gov/documents/preparedness/epidemiology -disease-control/extreme-
weather/pubs/heat-related-mortality-year.pdf
16 National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) Storm Events Database https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 73
out at 103°F. The Pima County Medical Examiner confirmed that heat was the primary cause of death for
one female found in the desert southeast of Ryan Field.
• August 2019, above normal temperatures occurred in southeast Arizona on August 27th. High temperatures
included 105°F at the Tucson International Airport, 107°F at Sells, and 104°F (record high) at Sasabe. The
Pima County Medical Examiner confirmed that heat was the primary cause of death for one adult male 11
miles south of Three Points.
• May 2020, above normal temperatures occurred in southeast Arizona on May 26th. High temperatures
included 100°F at Sells, and 98°F at Sasabe, Anvil Ranch, and the Tucson International Airport. The Pima
County Medical Examiner confirmed that heat was the primary cause of death for one adult male 2 miles east
of Sells, about 2 miles south of Tohono O'odham Community College.
• June 2020, above normal temperatures occurred in south-central Pima County on June 21st. High
temperatures included 106°F at Sells and 104°F at Sasabe. The Pima County Medical Examiner confirmed
that heat was the primary cause of death for one adult male 2 miles southwest of Topawa, on the Tohono
O'odham Nation.
On June 28th, high temperatures included 98°F at Sells and 103°F at Sasabe. The Pima County Medical
Examiner confirmed that heat was the primary cause of death for one young adult male 5 miles southwest of
Topawa, on the Tohono O'odham Nation.
• August 2020, above normal temperatures around 105°F occurred in central Pima County causing the
Moderate Heat Risk category to be reached on August 8th. The Pima County Medical Examiner confirmed
that heat was the primary cause of death for two adult males, one near Sells and another 15 miles southeast
of Santa Rosa on August 8th. A second death heat-related death for one adult male just east of the Baboquivari
Mountains on August 10th.
• September 2020, very hot temperatures were experienced in the lower elevations of southeast Arizona from
September 4th through the 7th. Many locations approached or exceeded 110°F and set new daily record high
temperatures. The Pima County Medical Examiner confirmed that heat was the primary cause of death for
five individuals found in the desert in Pima and Cochise counties during the period.
• June 2021, very hot high temperatures of 106°F to 119°F, or 8°F to 13°F above normal, occurred in the lower
elevations of southeast Arizona June 12th through the 20th and caused the High Heat Risk category to be
reached. New record daily high temperature records were established at numerous sites on several days
during this period. The Pima County Medical Examiner confirmed that heat was the primary cause of death
for 14 people found in the desert of Pima and Santa Cruz counties during this period.
• August 2021, very hot temperatures of 101°F to 107°F, or 8°F to 12°F above normal were experienced in
much of southeast Arizona on August 3rd and 4th with high temperatures equaling or exceeding established
records in a few locations, and approaching record levels in most others. The Pima County Medical Examiner
confirmed that heat was the primary cause of death for two males found in the desert in Pima County.
During August 25th through the 27th, temperatures reached 104°F to 114°F or 5°F to 11°F above normal
occurred, with high temperatures equaling or exceeding established records in a few locations, and
approaching record levels in most others. The Pima County Medical Examiner c onfirmed that heat was the
primary cause of death for one male found in the desert.
• September 2021, very hot temperatures were experienced west and south of Tucson September 11th through
the 14th. The hottest two days were the 12th and 13th when high temperatures fell just shy of records across
much of Pima County and topped out between 104°F and 109°F. During the four days, the Pima County
Medical Examiner confirmed that heat was the primary cause of death for six individuals found in the desert,
one at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument and five on the Tohono O'odham Nation.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 74
Extent
Climate change analysis predicts that the southwest will continue with an increase in daily temperatures during all
months in the year resulting in warmer winters and hotter summers.17 In addition, the climate models also predict less
rainfall or snowfall, which will cause water shortages for human consumption as well as for generating electrical
power.18 During the 2021 summer, levels fell in Lake Mead to the lowest level seen in twent y years. In addition, the
ongoing drought is forecasted to continue through the 2021 winter season. As noted in Figure 4-12, we experience
extreme heat with temperatures above 95°F from April to October in any given year.
Probability of Future Events
There are no recurrence or non-exceedance probabilities developed for extreme temperature events in Arizona or Pima
County. Table 2.1 Climate Statistics for Stations in Pima County provides example normal and extreme temperature
ranges for various weather stations within the county. In general, extreme temperatures vary from normal by 10°F to
over 30°F, with highs that exceed 110°F and the trend (though not linear) is toward increased number of days with
high temperatures at or above 105oF and 110oF.
One indicator of the degree of danger associated with extreme heat is the Heat Index (HI) or the “Apparent
Temperature.” According to the NWS, the HI is an accurate measure of how hot it feels when the Relative Humidity
(RH) is added to the actual air temperature. Figure 4-14 is a quick reference chart published by the NWS that shows
the HI based on current temperature and relative humidity, and levels of danger for HI values. It should be noted that
the HI values were devised for shady, light wind conditions and that exposure to full sunshine can increase HI values
by up to 15°F. In addition, strong winds, particularly with very hot, dry air, can be extremely hazardous.
While the heat index is a valuable component toward understanding heat risk for people, there are n ot an adequate
number of stations across the country, particularly in the West, that report hourly humidity values for a long enough
period of years to develop a high resolution gridded climatology. Additionally, in most approaches to heat index
warning criteria, the impacts of excessively warm nights are not considered. The HeatRisk approach utilizes the many
more observations of temperature that exist across the country, along with leveraging well -known relationships
between temperature and humidity to approximate the role of humidity. Hence, the HeatRisk approach does account
for humidity, but in a more general sense, and its output will differ somewhat from specifically calculated heat index
values.19
The HeatRisk takes into consideration:
1. How significantly above normal the temperatures are a given location,
2. The time of the year (for example, is this early season heat that you likely haven't become used to, or late -
season heat that you have become more used to),
3. The duration of unusual heat (for example, are temperatures overnight at levels that would lower heat stress,
or will warm overnight low temperatures continue to add to heat stress into the next day), and
4. If those temperatures are at levels that pose an elevated risk for heat complications, such as heat stress, based
on peer-reviewed science.
These factors are used to create daily dynamic heat thresholds for different locations for every day of the year which
are plotted so that the climatological heat risk for particular locations on specific da ys of the year can be visualized.20
17 Climate Change - Science of the American Southwest (U.S. National Park Service) (nps.gov)
(https://www.nps.gov/subjects/swscience/climate -change.htm)
18 Lake Mead level continues to drop, affecting power production - USA News Lab (https://usanewslab.com/us-news/las-vegas/lake-mead-level-
continues-to-drop-affecting-power-production/)
19 NWS Experimental HeatRisk: Identifying Potential Heat Risks in the Seven Day Forecast: https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/wrh/heatrisk/
20 NWS Experimental HeatRisk Historical Data https://www.wrh.noaa.gov/wrh/heatrisk/historical/
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 75
Source: National Weather Service - Tucson
Figure 4-12 NOAA/NWS HeatRisk Maximum Heat Impact Levels for Tucson
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 76
Source: National Weather Service - Tucson
Figure 4-13 NOAA/NWS HeatRisk Maximum Heat Impact Levels for Organ Pipe National Monument
Climate variability may have a strong impact on extreme temperatures and extreme heat. The Centers for Disease
Control says that rare extreme heat events that may occur once e very 20 years could start occurring every two to four
years in certain parts of the country including Arizona .21 Events could become more severe and last longer as well as
being more common.
21 Centers for Disease Control, Climate Change and Extreme Heat Events, retrieved 2017:
https://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/pubs/ClimateChangeandExtremeHeatEvents.pdf
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 77
Source: NWS, 2021 https://www.weather.gov/images/wrn/social_media/2017/heat_index.jpg
Figure 4-14: National Weather Service Heat Index Chart
Vulnerability
Table 4-9: CPRI Results for Extreme Heat
Participating Jurisdiction Probability
Magnitude/
Severity
Warning
Time Duration
CPRI
Score
Marana Likely Limited 12-24 hours > 1 week 2.65
Oro Valley Highly Likely Limited > 24 hours > 1 week 2.95
Pascua Yaqui Tribe Highly Likely Limited > 24 hours < 1 week 2.85
Sahuarita Highly Likely Critical > 24 hours > 1 week 3.25
Tucson Highly Likely Critical 12- 24 hours <1 week 3.40
Unincorporated Pima County Highly Likely Critical 12-24 hours >1 week 3.40
County-wide average CPRI = 3.08
Jurisdictions in bold chose to mitigate against the hazard
Town of Oro Valley: The Town of Oro Valley is vulnerable to extreme heat. Extreme heat events occur on a regular
basis, typically in the summer months resulting in threats to public health and safety. In recent years, temperatures in
the summer months have been the warmest on record. Extreme heat, combined with less precipitation, and high wind
days also increases the potential for major wildfires. Fluctuation in temperatures may also lead to higher uses of
electricity, gas, or water that can lead to outages or interruptions in service. Oro Valley has susceptible populations in
children and the elderly. Tourism, in the form of outdoor recreational activities, brings people from locales unfamiliar
with the desert climate that can expose their susceptibility to the effects of ex treme heat.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 78
Pascua Yaqui Tribe: The Tribe’s vulnerability to extreme temperature is primarily heat -related. The Tribe operates
two casinos and one golf course that receive numerous heat -related emergency calls annually. As with other
jurisdictions, elderly and AFN populations are also vulnerable to the temperature extremes and we will continue to
identify vulnerable populations for heat-related illness, provide education targeted toward recreational activities,
sustained education for tribal and enterprise workforce, visitors/travelers, a nd hospitality industry.
Town of Sahuarita: The Town of Sahuarita, like other neighboring communities, is vulnerable to heat and heat-related
emergencies. Sahuarita, a planned community, emphasizes outdoor activities such as golf as one of its benefits fo r its
residents and is home to several golf courses. Sahuarita has many senior communities and elder care facilities as well
as neighborhoods for young families. As the elderly and young are more vulnerable to heat, the Town of Sahuarita
chose extreme temperature as one of its hazards.
City of South Tucson: The City of South Tucson is vulnerable to extreme heat. Extreme heat events occur on a regular
basis, typically in the summer months resulting in threats to public health and safety. In recent years, temperatures in
the summer months have been the warmest on record. Extreme heat, combined with less precipitation, and high wind
days also increases the potential for major wildfires. These compounding factors increase the potential for harm,
damages, and losses. Fluctuation in temperatures may also lead t o higher uses of electricity, gas, or water which can
lead to outages or interruptions in service. South Tucson has susceptible populations in children elderly and low -
income residents.
City of Tucson: Situated in a high-desert climate, Tucson is a place of extremes. The City of Tucson sees very high
summer temperatures, and just months later will experience sub-freezing winter temperatures. While this is the norm,
over the last decade the range of extremes has grown with recent summer temperatures breaking multiple records in
one month and winter temperatures dropping to a point that the community, and infrastructure owners, are not prepared
for.
During the summertime, extreme heat is generally handled well by the community dependent on the reliable deli very
of electric power so that residents and businesses can cool their homes and buildings. The potential for electrical
system failure during the summer due to storms, wildfires, or overuse/stress on the system are realities that Tucson as
a city has begun to address more thoroughly in our planning processes as electrical system failure resulting in a long-
term power outage would leave a large portion of the city vulnerable to heat -related illness during late spring, summer,
and early fall where daytime temperatures exceed 90°F.
Unincorporated Pima County: Residents and visitors are vulnerable to extreme heat. Full-time citizens of Pima
County are generally prepared for the hot climate; however, the homeless and visitors can be overcome due to exposure
and lack of awareness. The Pima County Health Department maintains a “Beat the Heat” campaign and various other
departments get involved during heat emergencies. Like others, unincorporated Pima County is vulnerable to electrical
outages that moves the emergency from individuals outdoors to those indoors as well including the vulnerable elderly
and young.
In fall 2021, Pima County was awarded a small grant to further efforts using the BRACE (Building Resilience Against
Climate Effects) principles and practices from the Center of Disease Prevention and Control (CDC). To this aim, Pima
County will research the installation of “cooling centers” that may be developed into “resilience centers” to support
an all-hazard response within Pima County. In addition, Pima County is working with the US Environmental
Protections Agency (EPA) to identify the infrastructure changes needed to enable schools, particularly high schools,
to be regional locations for cooling as well as a source of good air quality, should air quality be compromised during
heat waves.
One of the goals of the BRACE grant will be to determine the types of data that should be collected for decision
making through a health equity lens. As such, the research will employ the social determinants of health as well as
other principles that govern access or barriers to individuals and communities achieving their health and wellness
aspirations. From anecdotal evidence, succumbing to heat -related illness often involves multiple factors mediated by
the individual’s exposure to heat. One known factor is prevalence of cardio-vascular disease in the community.
Another factor is the relationship between taking prescription drugs that have as side effect the increased susceptibility
to negative outcome from heat exposure
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 79
Loss Estimations
Losses due to extreme heat primarily occur in the form of death and illness for people and animals as mentioned at
the beginning of this section. Arizona Department of Health Services tracks data and monitors trends and other factors
to determine if a statistical significance exists. History would indicate that multiple deaths due to extreme heat are
highly likely, especially for illegal immigrants that attempt to cross the Arizona deserts during the summer months.
Homeless, low income, elderly, young and access and functional needs populations are particularly vulnerable to
extreme heat due to the increased exposure to the natural elements and decreased ability to compensate in the form of
cooling apparatus.
Changes in Development in the Hazard Area
Growth in Pima County has significantly increased the population and infrastructure exposed to extreme heat. There
is also an increased demand on resources for electric power during the summer months. The primary intersect of
extreme high temperature hazards and future development of the county is in the general increase in population and
commensurate infrastructure development required.
Over the decades as the metropolitan area has dramatically grown, the "urban heat island" effect has develop ed. This
has caused temperatures in the center of metropolitan areas to become much warmer than those in rural areas have.
The concrete and asphalt of urban areas retains the heat of the day, and releases it slowly as compared to the
surrounding desert terrain, which cools much quicker at night. As development continues to occur within Tucson and
its surrounding area, heat-island conditions will continue to increase.
Pascua Yaqui Tribe: The Tribe’s vulnerability to extreme temperature is primarily heat -related. The Tribe operates
two casinos and one golf course that receive numerous heat -related emergency calls annually. As with other
jurisdictions, elderly and AFN populations are also vulnerable to the temperature extremes and we will continue to
identify vulnerable populations for heat-related illness, provide education targeted toward recreational activities,
sustained education for tribal and enterprise workforce, visitors/travelers, and hospitality industry.
To address the hazard area of impacts from extreme hot events, over the reporting period, Pascua Yaqui Tribe
improved residential/rental properties to provide affordable housing solutions, especially for the elderly and AFN
populations. Adequate and modern housing for Pascua Yaqui tribal membership ha s addressed and alleviated
additional costs for temporary sheltering/cooling for individuals/households who would otherwise fall into a
vulnerable population. Phase I of these projects consists of 50 single-family units, currently under construction. Phase
II will consist of 27 town-home dwellings within 7 building structures. Phase III is in its incipient development;
however, initial plans are for 50, one to two-bedroom units within a three to four-story structure.
Another significant update that would address the hazard area for extreme heat events was a project developed using
funding from the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) to install and or replace central
heating/cooling units for Pascua Yaqui homeowners and renters that live on and off the reservation lands. This project
was able to fund the installation/replacement of HVAC units for 200 homes and 450 rental units within the New
Pascua reservation proper. Additionally, the Pascua Yaqui Tribe installed and or replaced HVAC units for 550
members that reside off the reservation. The project was established to provide service to priority households that
consisted of COVID positive patients with inadequate or no HVAC unit, elders and or individuals with comorbidities,
and general population individuals.
City of Tucson: The City of Tucson continues to actively implement a heat weather risk awareness programs to educate
the public on the risks of severe hot temperatures during summer months. Tucson works to assess and identify at risk
populations who are vulnerable to extreme heat and works with voluntary organizations in providing shelter and
temporary housing during the extreme heat.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 80
4.4.5 Flood
Description
Floods result from precipitation. Other floods due to dam or levee failures are addressed separately. Three seasonal
atmospheric events tend to trigger floods in Pima County:
• Tropical Storm Remnants: The worst flooding tends to occur when the remnants of a hurricane that has been
downgraded to a tropical storm or tropical depression enter the State. These events occur infrequently and
mostly in the early autumn and usually bring heavy and intense precipitation over large regions causing
severe flooding.
• Winter Rains: Winter brings storms that are low intensity; but long duration rains covering large areas that
cause extensive flooding and erosion, particularly when combined with snowmelt.
• Summer Monsoons: In mid to late summer, the monsoon winds bring humid subtropical air into the state.
Solar heating triggers afternoon and evening thunderstorms that can produce extremely intense, short -
duration bursts of rainfall. The thunderstorm rains are mostly translated into runoff and in some instances,
the accumulation of runoff occurs very quickly resulting in a rapidly moving flood wave referred to as a flash
flood. Flash floods tend to be localized and cause significant flooding in local watercourses.
Damaging floods in the county include riverine, sheet, alluvial fan, and local area flooding. Riverine floodin g occurs
along established watercourses where the overbank areas become inundated. Sheet flooding occurs in regionally low
areas with little topographic relief that can generate floodplains over a mile wide, such as in Avra Valley. Alluvial fan
flooding is generally located near the base of mountains, such as the Tortolita Fan, which are characterized by multiple,
highly unstable flow paths that can rapidly change during flooding events. Local area flooding is often the result of
poorly designed or planned development wherein natural flow paths are altered, blocked, or obliterated, and localized
ponding and conveyance problems result. Erosion is also often associated with damages due to flooding.
Another major flood hazard comes as a secondary impact of wildfires in the form of dramatically increased runoff
from ordinary rainfall events that occur on burned watersheds. Loss of vegetation and soil changes are contributing to
significantly increased runoff, turning a routine annual rainfall event into a raging flood with drastically increased
potential for soil erosion, mud and debris flows.
History
Historical records of flooding in Pima County date back to the late 1800s. As one would expect, the frequency of
reports of flood damage and loss increased over time as the population of the metropolitan area grew. By the late
1970s, the population in Pima County had grown to almost 500,000. By 2000, that number had risen to nearly
850,000.1
Pima County has been part of 13 disaster declarations for flooding, with none of those declarations occurring in the
past five years, while disaster for fire has. The following historical incidents represent examples of major flooding
that has affected the county:
• The October 1983 flood was the largest flood of record in the Tucson area. During August and September of
1983, nearly 7 inches of rain fell over the Tucson metropolitan area. Bridges in the area, including all
spanning the Santa Cruz River except one, were damaged or partially washed away. Additional damage
occurred along the other watercourses throughout the area. Several buildings fell into Rillito Creek due to
bank erosion and extensive damage occurred to agriculture in Marana. Cost estimates (using 198 4 dollars) to
repair and mitigate flood damage were estimated at $105.7 million. Four deaths in Eastern Pima County were
attributed to the flood. Due to the magnitude and extent of flooding and related damage, this flood is the one
to which subsequent floods have been compared.
• The January 1993 Flood occurred during a 14-day period in 1993, from January 5th through the 19th. A series
of severe winter storms produced record-breaking precipitation amounts. Heavy rains combined with melting
snowpack caused heavy flooding throughout Pima County. Nearly every community and city within the
county were impacted by the storms at some level. Although these were the most damaging floods to occur
1Pima County Regional Flood Control – Historical Flood Events: https://webcms.pima.gov/cms/one.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=60316
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 81
in almost 10 years, no lives were lost and no residential and commercial structures were destroyed, with the
exception of some horse barns associated with a business along Rillito Creek. The high water levels in the
streams lasted almost two weeks, rather than the typical few days; Most of the heavy damage was associated
with the Gila, San Pedro, and Santa Cruz Rivers. According to the USACE Flood Damages Report, the total
public and private damages from the 1993 floods were estimated to exceed $12 million in Pima County alone.
The flooding prompted a federal disaster declaration (FEMA-977-DR-AZ) for almost the entire state2.
• August 14, 2005, and August 23, 2005, intense heavy rains caused significant damage to public infrastructure
throughout Pima County. The severe runoff resulted in damages to numerous roads, traffic lights, water well
fields, berms, crossings, and police vehicles. After over an inch of rain fell across a large portion of the
Tucson metro area, some locations with more than 2 inches, several roads became flooded, closed, and
impassable. In addition to all the impassible flooded roadways, several trailer homes located in the southern
portion of the Tucson metro area, were flooded and surrounded by rising water. Rescue teams evacuated
several people from their homes. Brawley Wash was out of its banks and flooding roadways causing them to
be impassable. Over $260,000 in damages were estimated3.
• In July and early August 2006, several areas of the state were struck by severe storms and monsoon flooding
during the period of July 25-August 4, 2006. Tropical moisture poured into Southeast Arizona, saturating the
ground at most locations. As rainfall continued, additional runoff quickly filled rivers and washes, exceeding
bank full capacities and flooding homes, and businesses as well as nearby roads. Some roadways were
washed away due to the strong floodwaters. Lots of flash flooding occurred throughout the Tucson metro
area due to saturated grounds and extremely heavy rainfall. Numerous road s were closed due to flooding
throughout the entire metro area for many hours. A USGS stream gage was destroyed by floodwaters in
Rincon Creek. Additionally, there were numerous swift water rescues and nearly 100 vehicles stranded in
flooded roadways. It was estimated that nearly 100 vehicles were flooded. Several rivers running through the
Tucson metro area flooded on July 31, 2006. The Rillito River flooded with water over the cement banks
near Dodge Boulevard. Additionally, the Rillito River was over bank full just east of the Swan Road Bridge.
River Road near La Cholla Road was flooding from the Rillito River. Sabino Creek was out of its banks and
houses were flooded near Sabino Canyon and Bear Canyon. The flooding prompted a federal disaster
declaration (FEMA-1660-DR-AZ) for Gila, Graham, Greenlee, Pima, and Pinal Counties. Total disaster
expenditures exceeded $13.6 million (DEMA, 2010; PCRFCD, 2011).4
Between July 2017 and August 2021 there were 67 flash flooding incidents with two deaths, one injury and property
damage amounting to over 6.441 million dollars. The 2021 monsoon was the third wettest monsoon on record. Most
of the Tucson area received more than 10 inches of rain, and the Catalina Mountains received 30-45 inches of rain.
While the amount of damage was surprisingly low for such an active monsoon, there were a number of notable flood
incidents. 5
• July 10 2018, scattered thunderstorms moved slowly northwest across southeast Arizona. Thunderstorms
produced 2 to 3 inches of rain in around one hour on both sides of I-10 from Cortaro to Twin Peaks which
caused flash flooding. Some of these areas had also received 1 to 2 inches of rain two days earlier. Many
roads and intersections were closed due to flash flooding on the northwest side of Tucson encompassing an
area from Tangerine Road and I-10 down to Ina Road and I-10.
A restaurant and animal shelter were also flooded, along with damage to Sanct uary Cove foot trail. First
responders performed eight swift-water rescues of motorists. Floodwaters damaged railroad tracks and
derailed over two dozen Union Pacific railroad cars north of Twin Peaks Road, causing extensive damage
and closing the access road to Interstate 10 (I-10) for several days.
• September 2, 2018, thunderstorms produced large hail, heavy rain, and flash flooding in Pima, Santa Cruz,
and Cochise counties during the afternoon and evening hours. The most substantial damage occurred from
2 US Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District, 1994, Flood Damage Report – State of Arizona – Floods of 1993
3 NCEI Storm Events Database: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/eventdetails.jsp?id=5522762
4 Arizona Division of Emergency Management, Pima County Regional Flood Control District
5Historical Flood Events - Pima County
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 82
flash flooding in the Amado area where thunderstorms produced 3 to 5 inches of rain along Sopori Wash.
Water flowed at depths ranging from 2 to 5 feet deep through several commercial properties including a
restaurant, feed store, automotive shop, and youth center causing substantial damage to the buildings and
their contents. Some of these structures were in Pima County and others were in Santa Cruz County.
Additionally, several recreational vehicles (RV) suffered water damage at an RV storage park. Minor da mage
also occurred to Arivaca Road and other roads in the area. Property damage was estimated at $750,000.
• October 2018, what was Major Hurricane Rosa crossed the northern Baja peninsula as a tropical depression
on October 1st. The remnant circulation entered southwest Arizona on October 2nd. Moisture ahead of these
remnants fueled thunderstorms in southeast Arizona on September 30th. Rain associated with the remnant
circulation moved northeast across southeast Arizona through October 2nd. The primary period of heavy rain
occurred from 8 pm MST October 1st through 8 am MST October 2nd. Rainfall totals averaged 2 to 4 inches
on the west half of the Tohono O'odham Nation with isolated heavier amounts of 5 to 8 inches. The heavy
rain initially resulted in flash flooding but evolved into a longer-term period of flooding which led to
evacuations of several villages, road closures, considerable infrastructure damage, and a subsequent disaster
declaration. Property damage was estimated to be over 3.75 million dollars.
• February 2019, heavy rain fell on the mountains near Tucson beginning the morning of February 14th and
continuing into the early morning hours of February 15th. Three to 7 inches of rain was recorded at the Santa
Catalina Mountains causing flooding downstream along Sabino Creek, Tanque Verde Creek, and the Rillito
River. Flooding also occurred along Rincon Creek from runoff down the Rincon Mountains. Multiple roads
needed to be closed due to flooding and multiple swift-water rescues were performed. Mount Lemmon
Highway was also closed due to several rock slides.
• July 23, 2020, scattered thunderstorms developed and moved west across southeast Arizona from the
predawn hours through early afternoon. Some storms produced heavy rain and flash flooding in and around
the Tucson metro area, including the Bighorn Fire burn scar area. Around 2 inches of rain fell in 60 -90
minutes from the Catalina Foothills near Alvernon Way west through Flowing Wells and south to Tucson
Estates, Drexel Heights, and the Pascua Pueblo. Rain totals of at least 3 to 4 inches in southwest Tucson
caused numerous road closures, including San Xavier Rd near the Mission. Interstate 10 at Sunset Road was
also closed briefly. Multiple vehicles became stranded in floodwaters and several swift -water rescues
occurred in midtown. One man drowned after a rapid rise in the normally dry Santa Cruz River.
• August 20, 2020, a moisture surge from remnants of Hurricane Genevieve near lower Baj a helped fuel
thunderstorms that moved west and produced damaging winds and flash flooding in parts of Santa Cruz and
eastern Pima counties. Heavy rain of 1 to 2 inches caused the closure of several streets in southwest Tucson
between Drexel and Valencia Roads due to flash flooding.
• August 29, 2020, scattered thunderstorms developed and moved northeast across southeast Arizona during
the afternoon and evening. One storm produced wind damage at Marana High School and another produced
flash flooding over the Bighorn Fire burn scar. An inch of rain fell in less than an hour over the headwaters
of the Bighorn Fire burn scar on the Santa Catalina Mountains. An 8-foot rise was noted along the Cañada
del Oro Wash at Rancho Solano upstream in Pinal County. Strong flows continued downstream into Pima
County causing water to flow across Edwin Road. Catalina State Park Road was also closed due to flows in
Sutherland Wash.
• September 8, 2020, isolated to scattered thunderstorms developed and moved southeast across pa rts of
southeast Arizona during the late afternoon and evening hours of September 8th. The strongest storms
produced heavy rain and gusty winds across far eastern Pima and western Cochise counties. Flash flooding
occurred late in the evening into the very early hours of September 9th. Flash flooding of small streams
occurred in the Rincon Mountains causing the closure of roads at lower elevations.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 83
Two to 5 inches of rain fell in the Rincon Mountains in a 2-hour period with at least 4 inches of rainfall in
the upper reaches of the Tanque Verde Creek watershed. A four-foot rise in Tanque Verde Creek was
measured at Chiva Tank and a 2.5-foot rise was measured downstream at Guest Ranch. Over a foot of water
flowed across Wentworth Road about 3 hours after the crest at Chiva Tank.
The 2021 monsoon was the third wettest monsoon on record. Most of the Tucson area received more than 10 inches
of rain, and the Catalina Mountains received 30-45 inches of rain. Below are several notable flood incidents:
• July 22-25, 2021, several rounds of thunderstorms were triggered by a westward-moving upper-level weather
system across southeast Arizona from the afternoon of July 22nd into the early morning of July 23rd.
Thunderstorms produced wind damage and flash flooding in, Green Valley and the Tucson Metro area. The
widespread heavy rain across eastern Pima County resulted in widespread flooding of roadways and high
flows along Pantano Wash and Rillito River and eventually downstream along the Santa Cruz River.
Significant damage to the Loop hiking and biking trail system occurred.
1 to 2 inches of rain fell in less than 90 minutes in southeast Pima County and caused extensive flash flooding
from southeast Tucson and Vail southwest to Sahuarita and Green Valley. In the Vail area, three to four feet
of water washed out East Andrada Road at the Santa Rita Wash, and a car was swept downstream 300 yards,
but the occupants escaped unharmed. Many roads in Saguaro National Park East were also flooded or closed.
In southeast Tucson, a person was rescued from a sandbar in the Pantano Wash near Harrison Rd. Farther
south, Sahuarita Road and Wilmot Road were closed. In Sahuarita, a woman was rescued from her vehicle
at Beta Street and the I-19 Frontage Road. In Green Valley, several roads were closed and homes were
flooded in the Casa de Abrego neighborhood east of I-19.
• On July 23rd, 1 to 3 inches of rain fell in less than 1 hour over much of the Tucson Metro area, including
parts of the Bighorn burn scar. Around ten swift-water rescues were performed during the overnight hours
for motorists trapped in vehicles including near Escalante and Sarnoff. Plus, two people were rescued from
the Rillito River near La Cañada Dr. Also, many trails were damaged at Sabino Canyon Recreation Area and
six homes were flooded in near Finger Rock Wash in the Catalina Foothills due to runoff from the Bighorn
burn scar. No injuries were reported.
Near the Town of Marana, 1 to 2 inches of rain fell in less than an hour from the Tucson Mountains west to
Picture Rocks. Numerous streets were flooded, closed, or damaged as a result. At least one vehicle was
stranded in floodwaters, on Manville Road.
• On July 24th, a slow-moving upper-level weather system produced periods of heavy rain across southeast
Arizona on July 24th and 25th. Flash flooding occurred where soils were already saturated from heavy rains
of July 22th and 23rd and runoff continued to fill the Santa Cruz River downstream. Floodwaters caused
considerable road damage. Green Valley received heavy rain of 1 to 1.5 in less than 1 hour and caused flash
flooding and the closure of several roads. Five homes were flooded in the Casa de Abrego neighborhood,
some of which had just been flooded less than 48 hours earlier. Early morning rainfall of 1 to 1.5 on the
saturated ground quickly resulted in flash flooding and closure of several roads in north Marana. In Sahuarita
more than 1 inch of rain fell on the saturated ground causing flash flooding of several roadways from
Sahuarita to Corona de Tucson, including Sahuarita Road near Wilmot Road. In the Vail area, 1 to 2 inches
of rain on the saturated ground caused numerous flooded and closed roads from just east of Rita Ranch to
Old Spanish Trail and south to near I-10. One vehicle was stuck in floodwaters near Old Spanish Trail and
Drexel Roa d. Up to 1 of rain on the saturated ground caused Franco Wash to rise rapidly and flood and
damaged several roads in the Summit area.
Before the weather system exited the area, another round of heavy rain during the afternoon and evening of
July 27th caused additional flash flooding in the Tucson Metro area. At Mt. Lemmon, around 2.5 of rain in
less than an hour was measured near the headwaters of Sabino Creek in the Bighorn burn scar and caused a
two-foot rise in the stream that crosses trails in the Sabino Canyon Recreation Area. Six hikers had to be
rescued after becoming trapped by the high flows. Heavy rain of 2.5 inches in less than 90 minutes occurred
in Vail near the headwaters of Rincon Creek. Flash flooding occurre d downstream in the Rincon Ranch
Estates area. Camino Loma Alta became flooded and impassable.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 84
• July 30, 2021, more than 1 inch of rain fell on the saturated ground causing flash flooding of several roadways
from Sahuarita to Corona de Tucson, including Sahuarita Road near Wilmot Road. 1 to 2 inches of rain fell
in less than an hour northeast of the Tucson International Airport causing flash flooding of area roads. One
swift water rescue was conducted for a vehicle stalled in a wash. 1 to 2 inches of rain in less than 1 hour fell
from south of Ajo to east of Why. This caused flash flooding of area washes and the closure of Highway 86
east of Why and Highway 85 between Ajo and Why. In the Vail area, 1 to 2 inches of rain on the saturated
ground caused numerous flooded and closed roads. One vehicle was stuck in floodwaters near Old Spanish
Trail and Drexel Road.
• August 17, 2021, multiple rounds of thunderstorms developed and moved across southeast Arizona from
mid-morning of August 16th through the early evening of August 17th. Individual storms produced heavy
rain of 1 to 2 inches per hour, but some locations where multiple thunderstorm events occurred received 3 to
4 inches of rain during the period. The result was numerous reports of flash flooding, road closures, and swift
water rescues.
Up to 3 inches of rain west and northwest of Tucson late in the evening caused flash flooding of Brawley
Wash and smaller washes that flow into it. An additional 1 to 2 inches of rainfall during the predawn hours
south of Three Points flowed through the Altar Wash into the Brawley Wash causing flooding from northeast
of Three Points through the Garcia Strip of the Tohono O'odham Nation, north to Marana from early that
morning into the late afternoon that resulted in damage to area roads. 1 to 2 inches of rain in two hours caused
flash flooding and road closures in Marana and Avra Valley. More than one inch of rain in less than an hour
caused a rapid rise in the Alamo Wash where a storm had produced an inch of rain three hour s earlier. A
motorist was rescued from a vehicle stuck in floodwaters on Chantilly Roadd. at the Alamo Wash.
In Vail, the widespread heavy rain resulted in widespread flooding of roadways and high flows along Pantano
Wash and Rillito River. Significant damage to the Loop hiking and biking trail system occurred. Damage
from thunderstorm winds and lightning also occurred in the Tucson Metro.
• August 28, 2021, scattered thunderstorms moved west across southeast Arizona during the afternoon and
evening. Thunderstorm wind gusts downed power poles in Catalina and Vail while more than 1 inch of rain
in less than an hour caused flash flooding in central and eastern Tucson.
• August 31, 2021, moisture from the remnants of tropical system Nora produced moderate to hea vy rainfall
during the afternoon and evening hours with totals of 1 to 2 inches common and up to 3 inches in mountains,
but the prolonged nature of the rain led to little if any significant flooding. However, flash flooding did occur
along the Artesia Wash west of Sells where heavier rain fell in a shorter amount of time.
Pascua Yaqui Tribe: The Tribe has significant concerns regarding flooding. Rain runoff from the Black Mountain
watershed has the potential to cause hazards to roadways and or built struct ures. As a result of runoff at times
throughout the monsoon, Pascua Yaqui Tribe experiences localized flooding, and road closures occur primarily for
areas along the Black Wash.
While not within the reporting period, in 2015, a monsoon flood event washed out critical communications
infrastructure including phone and data lines. This event continues to be a relevant indication of the level of potential
impacts Pascua Yaqui Tribe faces because of flooding.
In July 2020, a monsoon flood event caused significant localized flooding of major roadways prohibiting access in
and out of the New Pascua reservation proper area including emergency and first responder agencies. This event also
resulted in damages:
• A drainage channel near the PYT - Education Department Building was damaged because of water levels.
• Floodwaters caused significant erosion damage to two concrete box culverts within the Community
Cemetery.
• Residential flooding at the PYT 5-Plex Apartment complex east of Ignacio Baumea Rd, south of Calle Torim;
residents had to be temporarily sheltered at the local wellness center during the event.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 85
Town of Sahuarita: Monsoon Season 2021 brought the Town of Sahuarita an unusual amount of rain. The months of
August and September saw that Town face flooding in a few areas. There were a few damages to channels and a lot
of debris and sediment accumulation in drainage structures. A couple of homes in one of the communities received
some water due to debris blocking a private retention/detention basin.
City of Tucson Flooding is a regular occurrence in the City of Tucson area and can occur during either of our two
primary rainy seasons – the monsoon season (which can be further impacted by remnants of Pacific hurricanes) and
our winter rains. Flooding can make roads impassable, can create dangerous conditions in and around usually dry
washes, and can flood homes and businesses within the City. Many incidents of flooding have been recorded in the
Tucson area. Recent and large-scale flooding events have occurred in and around Tucson, which results in yearly
deaths, and destruction of property to the citizens of Tucson.
Extent
The magnitude or strength of floods is measured in rainfall intensity, depth, and velocity. Within Pima County, rainfall
intensity above 1.5 inches per hour is the first warning system trigger at which dry washes flow bank to bank and may
create flash floods or road closures. Overbank floods may occur when these rainfall intensity rates are sustained over
several hours. Predetermined flow depth and velocity readings expressed as cubic feet per second from streamflow
gages are then used to trigger additional warning and response. During the last five years pre-scripted warning
messages utilizing the County’s Mass Communication platform were added to t he ALERT Flood Threat Recognition
and Early Warning system operated by the Pima County Regional Flood Control District (PCRFCD) throughout the
County.
On June 5, 2020, as a result of the Big Horn Fire, the District analyzed post-fire flood risk based on fire-caused
hydrologic changes and installed additional gauges in the burn area to facilitate updated warning information for the
District’s Automated Local Evaluation in Real Time (ALERT) system, Office of Emergency Management (OEM)
and the first responders. The District distributed enhanced warning outreach letters to affected properties. Since July
11, 2020, 4 alerts were sent. While in 2021 there have 16 notifications.
Probability of Future Events
For the purposes of this Plan, the probability and magnitude of flood hazards in Pima County jurisdictions are based
on the 1% probability floodplains (also known as the 100-year flood, as the flood has a 1% chance of being equaled
or exceeded in any single year) delineated on FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs)6. FEMA completed a map
modification program to update the FIRMs for the county into a digital FIRM (DFIRM) format. The PCRFCD is
responsible for keeping these current as revisions are made. Floodplain GIS base files were obtained from the
PCRFCD and are the basis for the flood hazard depictions in this Plan.
Vulnerability
Table 4-10: CPRI Results for Flood
Participating Jurisdiction Probability
Magnitude/
Severity
Warning
Time Duration
CPRI
Score
Marana Highly Likely Catastrophic 12-24 hours < 24 hours 3.50
Oro Valley Likely Critical < 6 hours < 24 hours 3.05
Pascua Yaqui Tribe Likely Limited 6-12 hours < 24 hours 2.60
Sahuarita Likely Critical 12-24 hours < 1 week 2.85
Tucson Highly Likely Critical 6hours < 24 hours 3.50
Unincorporated Pima County Highly Likely Critical < 6 hours > 1 week 3.60
County-wide average CPRI = 3.18
Jurisdictions in bold chose to mitigate against the hazard
The different types of weather in Pima County described above produces distinctively different types of vulnerability.
6 FEMA 100 Year Flood Zones, http://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=e9aa2179f31b4b9cbe5c7f8b1b91cea3 , 2016
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 86
Tropical storms, have historically caused the most damage in Pima County due to their regional extent. Weather
systems moving from coastal waters inland toward the State of Arizona and over Pima County represent a distinct
hazard because the predictability of occurrence is much lower than the winter and summer seasonal storms which are
a regular part of the County’s weather pattern. While weather is overall difficult to predict, the occurrence of tropical
storms and their paths are especially difficult. While monitoring the potential for inland storm paths for remnants of
tropical storms, the National Weather Service typically presents a band of possible storm paths. This band may or
may not encompass the County, and the strength of the storm after passing overland may or may not be intense. If
the storm continues to produce winds and heavy rainfalls after proceeding inland toward Pima Co unty, the extent of
severe weather is typically regional rather than more watershed -based as is the case with summer and winter
storms. Tropical weather systems create more vulnerable conditions for Pima County because flooding may occur in
numerous riverine and distributary floodplains simultaneously, and the duration of flooding may be between 24 to 72
hours in contrast to summer storms which tend to dissipate more quickly and affect a circumscribed area and winter
storms which tend to be of lower intensity and to affect less aerial extent than tropical storms.
Summer monsoon storms produce intense rainfall over relatively small areas. Monsoon storms are more likely to
trigger flood events on smaller watercourses. Furthermore, monsoon rainfall may affect just one watershed. In most
years, the annual peak monsoon flow will occur on different days at different gauging stations. Flash floods are
generally associated with summer monsoon thunderstorms. Several factors make flash floods a challenging hazard to
mitigate.
1. Real-time precipitation gages may miss storm cells that are small enough in aerial extent although large
enough in volume to cause flash flooding.
2. Extreme rainfall intensities can generate runoff that reaches peak flow in pe riods measured in minutes,
providing little or no ability to provide the public with a warning about any specific event.
3. The leading edge of the flood may extend miles below the storm event that created it, flooding an area that
may have received no rainfall and may not have even been cloudy, thus catching individuals completely
unaware of the threat.
Thus monsoon hazards are severe but tend to be localized.
Winter mesoscale storms, as implied by the name produce bands of precipitation over days. Though characterized by
low rainfall intensity, these long-duration storms yield the high volumes of water necessary to produce significant
flow events on the major watercourses. In general, the largest floods on the Santa Cruz River have occurred because
of tropical storms that come up from the Sea of Cortez in the fall, but do not produce significant flooding in most
years. While high rainfall depths and extended duration certainly produce conditions conducive for flooding, saturated
soils that have limited capacity to absorb rainfall also play a role. They may also include frontal systems that can
provide more sustained flow durations, even as flood peaks tend to remain low. On rare occasions, winter frontal
systems have produced rain on snow from January to March.
In addition to flash floods largely associated with mountain front drainage, sheet flow flooding is a phenomenon
unique to watersheds with low topographic relief and a severe lack of adequate flow conveyance through channels.
The lack of defined drainage channels often deceives the public into thinking that there are no flood hazards in the
area. Sheet flow flooding may develop quickly but where slopes are particularly shallow, the duration of sheet flow
flooding may extend more than 24 hours. Private roadways not designed for all-weather access are common in these
areas. As a result, and in combination with the widespread nature of sheet flow flooding, during times of flooding,
residents and emergency services ability to gain safe or reliable access to and from the affected area may be limited.
Alluvial fans create a special type of floodplain that has characteristics that are like sheet flow floodplains. Alluvial
fans occur below mountain fronts and consist of an accumulation of sediment carried out of the mountains via riverine
flow. At the margin of the mountain front, flow containment is lost, and floodwaters spread out across the alluvial fan.
Alluvial fans may have better-defined channels or flow corridors, but they are not large enough to convey large storm
events and, due to their location below the break-in slope, channels often aggrade and lose capacity. Since alluvial
fans often consist of poorly consolidated alluvium, the loss of channel capacity in existing channels leads to the
creation of new channels or the reestablishment of old channels. This characteristic of alluvial fans leads to significant
uncertainty with respect to the location and severity of flood flows. The combination of severe, directed flow at
uncertain locations, unconsolidated soils, and the likelihood of flash floods in this environment results in potentially
extreme flood and erosion hazards.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 87
Historically, flood events of limited aerial extent occur at least every few years in Pima County. These floods may not
affect many people, but the effects of these floods may be severe for those affected. Floods on the major watercourses
occur approximately once every ten years. Historically, these floods had a significant impact on the community;
however, flood and erosion hazard improvements within the urban core have largely limited the hazards to the public
from large flood events on the major watercourses. In addition, improved regulation of development through elevating
structures above the base flood, protecting structures from erosion hazards, and protection of natural floodplains has
ensured that new development is more flood resilient than was previously the case in unincorporated Pima County.
This section contains a map and data table for unincorporated areas known to flood frequently and where a warning
is required per the NFIP (see Figures 4-15 and 4-16). Figure 4-15 is the Special Studies Floodplains maps showing
locally mapped floodplains. These are mapped either by a developer or by PCRFCD. Table 4-16 contains data for
these Special Studies Floodplains areas including exposure estimates.
While bank protection installed by the PCRFCD along major watercourses has reduced erosion and overbank flooding
in much of the urbanized areas of the county, some development pre-exists floodplain regulations and infrastructure
is at risk. These areas include:
• The Forty Niner’s Country Club Subdivision on Tanque Verde Creek geologic floodplain Repetitive Loss
Area.
• The alluvial fan areas of Lee Moore, Franco, and Flato washes particularly in the Summit neighborhood
south of Sahuarita Road.
• The broad floodplains of Avra Valley and the Black Wash.
• Numerous canyon washes are impacted by wildfires within National Forests in the upper watershed and
encroachment in the Catalina Foothill’s residential areas.
• Private drainage ways in Green Valley. Urban areas with undersized, historic, or unimproved drainage
infrastructure. This includes the Ruthrauff Basin Management Plan area which includes unincorporated Pima
County and the City of Tucson, as well as a separate study conducted for South Tucson.
The results of the Ruthrauff Basin Management Study (RBMS) were adopted by the Pima County Board of
Supervisors and the Tucson City Council. The RBMS mapped eight square miles of urbanized floodplains
southeast of the confluence of the Santa Cruz and Rillito Rivers including areas within unincorporated Pima
County and the City of Tucson. This area is impacted by obstruction to flow created by Union Pacific
Railroad features which historically have designed drainage infrastructure under their rail systems for smaller
flow rates than those expected during a 1% chance storm event.
Prior to urbanization, the area was used for irrigated agriculture with little topographic relief. Most of the
subsequent development including mixed commercial and industrial uses and residential uses consisting of
a good proportion of manufactured housing occurred prior to the adoption of the National Flood Insurance
Program (NFIP) in 1968. Without NFIP guidelines, little planning for drainage and drainage infrastructure
occurred. Structures were not elevated and streets were not designed to confine and convey flows to
designated outfalls as they are elsewhere in many older urban areas. Today, flooding due to storm events
tends to result in wide shallow flooding encompassing structures and properties located upstream of the
Union Pacific Railroad which serves as an embankment prohibiting sufficient drainage to the Santa Cruz and
Rillito Rivers.
The RBMS produced new regulatory and FEMA floodplain maps and a list of alternatives for mitigating
flooding. The alternatives include both structural and non-structural solutions. The District incorporates
identified projects into its Capital Improvement Program as funding is available. Full flooding mitigation has
not been accomplished due to feasible District funding schedules, significant delays in negotiating drainage
easements with the Union Pacific Railroad and the extensive cost of obtaining private properties needed for
flow conveyance and the construction of structural measures.
• Another urban area with similar characteristics is the City of South Tucson. In 2020 the District completed a
floodplain study and identified alternatives to resolve urban flooding safety issues therein including
undersized storm drains and culverts and flow within streets.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 88
Figure 4-15: Flood Control District Special Studies and FEMA Flood Hazards
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 89
Figure 4-16: FEMA Flood Hazards: Eastern Pima County Flood Hazards Detail
Town of Marana: There are several flooding sources within the Town of Marana that can cause hazards to property
or roadways. They include runoff from the Tortolita Mountains, runoff from the Tucson Mountains, and overbank
flow from the Santa Cruz River. Two additional flooding sources include the Rillito River and the Ca ñada del Oro
Wash, are contained within their banks during the base flood (commonly known as the “100 -year flood”) but are
susceptible to hazardous erosive failures. Areas include:
• Santa Cruz River: Major regional storm events, such as significant rainfall in the Catalina Mountain
watershed, can send enough Stormwater runoff into the Cañada del Oro or Rillito River systems that will
direct floodwaters to the Santa Cruz River potentially causing the closure of the Ina Road bridge for structural
precautions, the closure of the Sanders Road bridge due to overtopping, the capturing of the El Rio Open
Space preserve, and evacuation due to overbank flows of the Berry Acres subdivisi on in far north Marana.
Major storm systems south of Tucson, potentially all the way from Mexico, within the Santa Cruz watershed
can also cause these issues. Some areas of Continental Ranch adjacent to the Santa Cruz River and the Town’s
airport could be impacted by Santa Cruz flood events above the base flood.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 90
• Tortolita Mountain Alluvial Fan: The Tortolita Mountain watershed consists of several major washes that
leave the mountain system whose floodplains overlap in a broad alluvial floodplain. Higher on the alluvial
fan and closer to the mountains, the washes are well defined and the floodplains are more certain. The lower
you travel on the floodplain the more the floodplain broadens out into overlapping sheet flow areas. Tangerine
Road in its current condition is susceptible to flooding and road closures due to at-grade dip crossings. At the
end of the alluvial fan lies the CAP canal system that has a protective berm on its upstream side and over
chute pipe outlets to carry floodwaters across the canal at various locations. This berm/over chute system
interrupts the sheet flow characteristics of the lower alluvial fan and re -concentrates the floodwaters at the
pipe outlet locations. Localized flooding and road closures occur downstream of the over chutes. A similar
situation occurs where the Tortolita Fan runoff is intercepted by the Union Pacific Railroad and I-10. These
facilities are raised higher than the adjacent ground, impounding water on their upstream sides and creating
focused flooding issues where culverts or interchange openings allow focused floodwaters through. There
are also some areas of the interstate and railroad that can be outright overtopped. Should there be a rainfall
event significant enough to cause runoff by the sandy soils of the Tortolita Fan; the water will go through the
series of impoundments and discharges noted above through the CAP canal, Union Pacific Railroad, and I-
10 to arrive at northwest Marana. These floodwaters then either sheet flow or are carried in the bar ditch an d
irrigation canal system in a northwesterly pattern throughout northwest Marana. Property damage and road
closures occur until the floodwaters recede.
• Tucson Mountain floodplain: The Tucson Mountain watershed consists of several washes that leave the
mountain system but unlike the Tortolita Fan, the washes remain well confined due to the rockier nature of
the terrain and the closer proximity of the mountain range to the Santa Cruz River. The Town has not
experienced major property damage from Tucson Mountain runoff but several roads both east and north of
the mountain range are subject to closure during major rain events in the watershed. FEMA mapping
categorizes the Town’s airport as being in a sheet floodplain from the Tucson Mountains but the mapping
does not appear to consider the raised CAP canal immediately east of the airport.
• Cañada del Oro wash and Rillito River: Both of these systems contain the base flood for their watersheds.
However, property and roadways adjacent and crossing these systems could be susceptible to flooding from
events above the base flood. A segment of the Cañada del Oro Wash west of Thornydale Road that is not
armored with bank protection could experience erosive failure. Prior to the development of this area, the
Town will require bank protection to be put in place. The most hazardous aspect of these systems however
is where they come together at the Santa Cruz River just west of I-10. No part of this confluence is bank
protected. A sand and gravel pit within the confluence area has been mined well below the bed of the river.
If the berm protecting the sand and gravel pit were to fail, the resulting pit capture could cause a headcut
eastwards and erode the adjacent portion of I-10, the Union Pacific Railroad, a major Tucson Electric Power
transmission line, transcontinental high-pressure gas pipeline, and a transcontinental fiber optic line.
Town of Oro Valley: The Town of Oro Valley is susceptible to flood hazards on a relatively frequent basis due to
tropical storm remnants, winter rains, and summer monsoons. Localized events are the most common and frequent
types of flooding in Oro Valley, however, there are occasions of more widespread or regional flo oding events. While
the 2021 monsoons were the third wettest on record, the 2020 monsoons were the driest, highlighting the variability
in precipitation from one year to the next. The Ca ñada del Oro Wash (CDO) divides the Town geographically and
streamflow can be impacted by precipitation on the upper CDO and Mt. Lemmon. The CDO was identified through
post-fire risk assessment to be at a heightened flood risk for the next three to five years, with 109 homes being added
into the floodplain.
Other washes identified for post-fire risk include Sutherland Wash; Alamo Wash; Steam Pump Wash; Rooney Wash;
Pusch Wash; and Rams Canyon. Major flooding in these washes would likely have significant impacts on residential
and commercial structures, accessibility, utilities, and infrastructure.
Local flood mitigation projects and stormwater system maintenance, along with those completed in partnership with
the PCRFCD have helped manage vulnerability to flooding. These projects are prioritized based on potential risks o f
damages/losses and available funding. In the event of a major flood, there would be other cascading events such as
damages to infrastructure, severe wind (microbursts), downed power poles, power outages, uprooted trees, flooded
homes, and other related damages.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 91
Pascua Yaqui Tribe: The Tribe’s flood vulnerability is mainly related to the main body of land for the Tribe that is in
the Black Wash flood plain. The Black Wash gathers waters from washes from the Tohono O’odham and Pima
County, runs through the jurisdiction and then back into Pima County. The flooding affects the residences as well as
the business and gaming communities by cutting off critical services from citizens. In 2015, a monsoon flood event
washed out critical communications infrastructure including phone and data lines.
Town of Sahuarita: The Town of Sahuarita is vulnerable to flooding mainly due to its proximity to the Santa Cruz
River. Several large washes run through the Town and upstream rain events can overwhelm wash channels. Sahua rita
Road runs from SR83 to the east to just west of I-19 through the town. Sahuarita Road has numerous low-level wash
crossings that are vulnerable to flood events and can cut off citizens from emergency services. Numerous modular
housing areas have structures with increased vulnerability to flooding when washes back up as well.
City of South Tucson: South Tucson is susceptible to flood hazards on a relatively frequent basis due to tropical storm
remnants, winter rains, and summer monsoons. Localized eve nts are the most common and frequent types of flooding
in South Tucson, however, there are occasions of more widespread or regional flooding events. While the 2021
monsoons were the third wettest on record, the 2020 monsoons were the driest, highlighting the variability in
precipitation from one year to the next. South Tucson is home to the former El Paso and Southwestern Railroad, while
trains have not run on the old alignment in several decades, the raised rail bed continues to bisect the City, which
creates a barrier in which floodwaters tend to collect and pool against. In addition to this, Union Pacific’s Nogales
line is the western city limit between South Tucson and the City of Tucson. This too creates a similar barrier for
floodwaters within the City, which increases the chances of flooding businesses and homes.
City of Tucson: Flooding in the City of Tucson is a yearly expectation during the summer monsoons and often during
the winter weather patterns. The community is generally well prepared for these storms and their short-term flash
flooding effects. Although each year the damage is done to roadways and other infrastructure and people become
stuck and sometimes injured or killed while trying to cross flooded washes that cross roadways. The flood vulnerably
may come from two other sources. First, the potential for the track of tropical storms/hurricane remnants from the
Pacific Ocean, usually via the Gulf of California, has led to widespread and large -scale rainfall causing severe flooding
of large drainages such as the Santa Cruz River. These storms usually coincide with the tail end of the monsoon events.
Second, there is a history of large-scale flooding events from El Nino weather patterns occurring during Tucson’s
winter rainy season. These weather patterns can again greatly increase overall rainfall over a short period of the season
leading to flooding. They can create cascading events such as heavy snowpack on the mountains that border Tucson,
followed by a warm tropical rainstorm that leads to heavy snowmelt and flooding of waterways and washes within
the city.
While mitigation projects throughout the city have been underway since the record flooding in 1983, caused by
remnants of Tropical Storm Octave, there is still a large le ngth of waterways and washes that are vulnerable to erosion,
bank de gradation, and other flooding threats. Numerous bridges and roadways are vulnerable to substantial
infrastructure damage during large-scale floods.
Loss Estimations
The estimation of potential exposure to high and medium flood hazards was accomplished by intersecting the human
and facility assets with the flood hazard limits depicted on the Flood Hazard Maps. Population and residential building
figures are from the 2010 Census; counts at the block level were intersected with those flood hazard areas using a
more complex dasymetric technique from FEMA’s HAZUS-MH software. This technique uses land cover information
derived from satellite imagery to remove the areas in Census blocks that a re largely without population or housing
(e.g. vacant land, agricultural areas, etc.).
Table 4-11 summarizes the critical facility, population, and residential housing unit exposure and loss estimates for
the high and medium flood hazards.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 92
Unincorp
Pima County
Total Critical Facilities 348 185 17 148 23 1,976 1,358 4,692
Facilities in High Hazard Areas 107 13 0 32 1 133 157 4,443
Percentage of Total Facilities 2.28%0.28%0.00%0.68%0.02%2.83%3.35%9.44%
Estimated Replacement Cost (x $1,000) $ 347,974 $ 59,442 $ 164,753 $ 641 $ 345,899 $ 431,850 $ 1,350,559
Estimated Structure Loss (x $1,000) $ 226,183 $ 38,637 $ - $ 107,089 $ 417 $ 224,834 $ 280,703 $ 877,863
Facilities in Medium Hazard Areas Not Protected by Levees *43 0 13 3 0 86 17 162
Percentage of Total Facilities *0.92%0.00%0.28%0.06%0.00%1.83%0.36%3.45%
Estimated Replacement Cost (x $1,000) * $ 133,195.00 $ - $ 89,150.00 $ 8,319.00 $ - $ 339,930.00 $ 46,510.00 $ 617,103.00
Estimated Structure Loss (x $1,000) * $ 86,577 $ - $ 57,948 $ 5,407 $ - $ 220,955 $ 30,232 $ 401,117
Facilities in Medium Hazard Areas Protected by Levees *12 3 0 0 0 18 9 42
Percentage of Total Facilities *0.26%0.06%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.38%0.19%0.90%
Estimated Replacement Cost (x $1,000) *$34,711 $19,510 0 0 0 $8,075 $71,747 $134,043
Estimated Structure Loss (x $1,000) *$22,562 $12,682 $0 $0 $0 $5,249 $46,636 $87,128
Total Population 58,835 47,927 3,466 36,255 4,895 565,628 414,285 1,131,291
Population in High Hazard Areas 35,106 4,571 505 8,596 8 32,779 14,463 96,028
Percent Exposed 4.40%9.10%7.60%3.20%0.10%6.10%3.10%12.09%
Population in Medium Hazard Areas Not Protected by Levees *8,613 1296 0 0 blank 1,806 8,261 36,256
Percent Exposed *11%0.26%0%0 0 3.40%1.70%21.01%
Population in Medium Hazard Areas Protected by Levees *801 364 0 0 0 42 544 1,751
Percent Exposed *3.10%2.45%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.14%0.14%5.77%
Total Residential Building Count 14,771 16,922 952 10758 1,798 173,089 159,080 377,370
Total Estimated Replacement Cost (x $1,000) $ 6,033,773 $ 5,808,397 $ 621,677 $ 2,313,526 $ 733,753 $ 75,849,191 $ 76,428,859 $ 167,789,176
Structures in High Hazard Areas 895 27 - 105 - 3,550 6,374 10,951
Percentage of Total Structures 6 0.1 0 0.9 0 2 4 0.02
Estimated Replacement Cost (x $1,000) $ 362,026.00 $ 9,267.00 $ - $ 20,821.00 $ - $ 1,516,983.00 $ 3,057,154.00 $ 4,966,251.00
Estimated Structure Loss (x $1,000) $ 235,316.90 $ 6,023.55 $ - $ 13,533.65 $ - $ 986,038.95 $ 1,987,150.10 $ 3,228,063.15
Structures in Medium Hazard Areas Not Protected by Levees *8,613 1,296 825 782 - 18,086 8,261 37,863
Percentage of Total Structures *58.3 7.6 95 7.2 0 10.4 5.1 0.04
Estimated Replacement Cost (x $1,000) * $ 3,386,295 $ 441,438 $ 590,593 $ 166,573 $ - $ 7,888,315 $ 3,897,871 $ 16,371,085
Estimated Structure Loss (x $1,000) * $ 2,201,092 $ 286,935 $ 383,885 $ 108,272 $ - $ 5,127,405 $ 2,533,616 $ 10,641,205
Structures in Medium Hazard Areas Protected by Levees *366 288 0 0 0 20 765 1439
Percentage of Total Structures *2.00000%1.70000%0.00000%0.00000%0.00000%1.50000%0.48000%0.00040%
Estimated Replacement Cost (x $1,000) * $ 120,675 $ 987,427 $ - $ - $ - $ 8,722 $ 366,858 $ 1,483,682
Estimated Structure Loss (x $1,000) * $ 78,439 $ 641,828 $ - $ - $ - $ 5,669 $ 238,458 $ 964,393
* Medium hazard area figures ONLY include critical facilities, population, or structures outside of high hazard areas (but within medium hazard areas)
Sources: Pima County GIS, 2022; HAZUS Version 5.1 Release 16.1.0
Table 4-11: Pima County Exposure and Loss Estimates Due to Flooding
Flood Hazard Exposure/Loss Marana Oro Valley Pascua Yaqui
Tribe Sahuarita South Tucson Tucson Total
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 93
Table 4-12: Pima County Exposure and Loss Estimates Due to Flooding in Local Flood Hazard Areas
Flood Hazard Exposure/Loss*Marana Oro Valley Pascua
Yaqui Tribe Sahuarita South Tucson Tucson Unincorporated
Pima County Total
Total Critical Facilities 270 132 17 72 20 1,552 1,375 3,438
Facilities in Local Flood Hazard Areas 25 4 0 5 0 205 96 335
Percentage of Total Facilities 0.73%0.12%0.00%0.15%0.00%5.96%2.79%9.74%
Estimated Replacement Cost (x $1,000) $ 91,229 $ 751 $ - $ 837 $ - $ 353,833 $ 352,078 $ 798,726
Estimated Structure Loss (x $1,000) $ 59,299 $ 488 $ - $ 544 $ - $ 229,991 $ 228,851 $ 519,172
Total Population 58,835 47,927 3,466 36,255 4,895 565,628 414,285 1,131,291
Population in Local Flood Hazard Areas 13,262 8,350 1 1,006 - 231,950 124,790 379,359
Percent Exposed 1.17%0.74%0.00%0.09%0.00%20.50%11.03%33.53%
Total Residential Building Count 14,741.0 21,112.0 953.0 13,588.0 1,808.0 233,112.0 169,030.0 454,344.0
Estimated Replacement Cost (x $1,000) $ 6,033,773 $ 4,554,999 $ 211,728 $ 913,363 $ 733,753 $ 69,497,100 $ 48,072,053 $ 130,016,769
Structures in Local Flood Hazard Areas 5,579 3,824 - 404 - 99,156 53,394 162,357
Percentage of Total Structures 1.23%0.84%0.00%0.09%0.00%21.82%11.75%35.73%
Estimated Replacement Cost (x $1,000) $ 2,283,591 $ 825,043 $ - $ 27,156 $ - $ 29,561,131 $ 15,185,228 $ 47,882,149
Estimated Structure Loss (x $1,000) $ 1,484,334 $ 536,278 $ - $ 17,652 $ - $ 19,214,735 $ 9,870,398 $ 31,123,397
* Local Flood Hazard Areas are selected Special Studies Floodplains defined by Pima County, not by FEMA
Sources: Pima County GIS, 2022; HAZUS Version 5.1 Release 16.1.0
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 94
It is noted that the loss and exposure numbers presented above represent a comprehensive evaluation of the county. It
is unlikely that a storm event would occur that would flood all the delineated high and medium flood hazard areas at
the same time. Accordingly, actual event-based losses and exposure are likely to be only a fraction of those
summarized above. Furthermore, any flood event that exposes assets or populations to a medium hazard will also
expose assets and populations to the high hazard flood zone. That is, the 100-year floodplain would be entirely
inundated during a 500-year flood in the localized area of impact.
Changes in Development in the Hazard Area
While Pima County continues to outpace development in most parts of the Country, for those jurisdictions
participating in the NFIP CRS, adequate planning and regulatory tools are in place to regulate future development.
The PCRFCD conducts basin (watershed) studies to identify floodplains, assess exposure, and identi fy mitigation
measures not mapped by FEMA. In addition to managing the major watercourse and operating the Flood Threat
Recognition and Warning System throughout the County, the PCRFCD works with all jurisdictions on mitigation
projects regardless of their participation in the regulatory components of the NFIP. However, events of greater
magnitude than the base flood due to climate variability and changes in upper watershed conditions may increase
flood-related hazards.
The PCRFCD has been actively creating new floodplain delineations outside of FEMA designated floodplains and
continually strives to improve floodplain development to create a more flood resilient community. Because of mapping
efforts, the aerial extent of local floodplains within unincorporat ed Pima County exceeds the extent of federally
mapped floodplains. Protection of these floodplains removed development pressure on some of the most hazardous
areas. As future development occurs avoidance is required in most cases.
Pima County’s arid environment, combined with anthropomorphic alterations to the landscape, creates conditions that
promote the lateral migration of watercourses. Erosion along major watercourses has been some of the most dramatic
flood damage historically however a major bank protection program has removed this risk along the major
watercourses. Where bank protection is not in place, erosion hazard setbacks are.
Natural floodplains benefit the community by reducing flood and erosion hazards, improving water quality, increasing
groundwater recharge, and providing biological corridors for plants and wildlife to thrive, all while providing public
health, safety, and economic benefit to the citizens of Pima County. To the greatest extent possible, the PCRFCD
promotes maintaining the natural functions of floodplains over structural measures to control flooding.
Town of Marana: Over the last five years, the Town of Marana has completed the following changes to mitigate flood
hazards and minimize the risk of future hazards. The completion of Tangerine Road, Phase One from Dove Mountain
to Oro Valley significantly improved flood hazard issued for that roadway segment in 2018. Pima County also
completed a 20-year levee along the El Rio preserve that helps to protect that area in 2021. The pe rmitting and
construction of a major interception channel and bank protection for the De Anza development protects both that new
subdivision and the existing Cortaro Ranch neighborhood in 2021. Pima County cleared and smoothed the Santa Cruz
River channel approaching the Marana Road bridge in 2020. The Town utilized an easement to clear obstructing
vegetation on Silverbell Road near the Continental Reserve Loop roadways that caused flooding in 2018. Union
Pacific performed significant maintenance of the dra inage channel and culverts along their line that contributed to the
2018 train derailment.
Town of Oro Valley: Within the Town of Oro Valley, while there continues to be commercial and residential
development, there are requirements to meet the Stormwater Utility’s current floodplain management and other
building codes. These include the subdivision design standards, drainage criteria manual, international building codes,
and zoning codes to address floodplain management and site drainage. While there is development, the infrastructure
is being constructed/remodeled to potentially be at less risk/vulnerability to flooding.
Pascua Yaqui Tribe: In order to address household and community impacts to flooding in late 2021, the Pascua Yaqui
Tribe purchased a 4-chute, gravity-fed Sandbagger machine and are consolidating a cache of sandbags to provide
timely response and mitigation for infrastructure protection and commercial/residential protection.
• An Assisted Living Center was created after renovation to the old Fire Department Station in New Pascua
reservation proper.
• A Men’s Path and Women’s Path facilities were constructed, off Camino de Oeste, north of Jefferey Road.
• A Boys and Girls Club is currently being constructed, south of the PYT - Wellness Center.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 95
• In 2021, the construction of a Food Pantry facility began, this facility will provide a sustained community
service for families/individuals in need of resources.
• Six 5-plex/Housing on Calle Torim, just west of Ignacio Baumea.
• Construction of the Pascua Yaqui Health and Social Services Family Center was completed in 2021.
The Pascua Yaqui Tribe has continued to institute flood control implementation strategies including detention
catchment basin practices for stormwater flood protection of the Tribe’s developed lands. All new construction
developments incorporate these flood control measures.
City of South Tucson: Within the City of South Tucson, there continues to be a small amount of commercial and
residential development, there are requirements to help reduce offsite drainage, other building codes. These include
international building codes and zoning codes to address floodplain management and site drainage. While there is
development, the infrastructure is being constructed/remodeled to potentially be at less risk/vulnerability to flooding.
City of Tucson: The City of Tucson continues to maintain compliance with NFIP regulations by enforcement of the
current floodplain management ordinances through review of new developments located in the floodplain and issuance
of floodplain permits. Tucson continues to improve floodplain administration under NFIP program by sending
inspectors into the field when the City receives a flood warning from NWS, to assess bridges, washes, and other
critical infrastructures within the City’s jurisdiction.
National Flood Insurance Program Participation
Participation in the NFIP is a key element of any community’s local floodplain management and flood mitigation
strategy. Pima County and the six other incorporated jurisdictions participate in the NFIP. Joining the NFIP requires
the adoption of a floodplain management ordinance that requires jurisdictions to follow established minimum
standards set forth by FEMA and the State of Arizona when developing in the floodplain. These standards require that
all new buildings and substantial improvements to existing buildings will be protected from damage by the 100-year
flood and that new floodplain development will not aggravate existing flood problems or increase damage to other
properties. As a participant in the NFIP, communities also benefit from having Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM)
that map identified flood hazard areas and can be used to assess flood hazard risk, regulate construction practices, and
set flood insurance rates. FIRMs are also an important source of information to educate residents, government officials,
and the private sector about the likelihood of flooding in their communities. Table 4-13 summarizes the NFIP status
and statistics for each of the jurisdictions participating in this Plan.
Table 4-13: NFIP Statistics as of October 2021
Jurisdiction Community
ID
NFIP
Entry Date
Current
Effective
Map Date
Number
of
Policies
Amount of
Coverage Floodplain Management
Role (x $1,000)
Pima County 40073 2/15/1983 9/28/2012 2,030 $522,026 Managed through PCRFCD
Marana 40118 8/1/1984 6/16/2011 290 $81,176 Provides floodplain
management for the town
Oro Valley 40109 12/4/1979 6/16/2011 155 $50,369 Provides floodplain
management for the town
Pascua Yaqui
Tribe --- --- --- --- --- Not a Participant in the NFIP
Sahuarita 40137 6/30/1997 6/16/2011 45 $12,906 Provides floodplain
management for the town
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 96
Table 4-13: NFIP Statistics as of October 2021
Jurisdiction Community
ID
NFIP
Entry Date
Current
Effective
Map Date
Number
of
Policies
Amount of
Coverage Floodplain Management
Role (x $1,000)
South Tucson 40075 1/31/1979 6/16/2011 0 $0 City defers floodplain
management to PCRFCD
Tucson 40076 8/2/1982 9/28/2012 1,636* $365,837* Provides floodplain
management for the city
*based on date from the City of Tucson
Table 4-14 NFIP Compliance for: Pima County
Describe your jurisdiction’s current floodplain management / regulation process for construction of new or substantially
improved development within your jurisdiction:
The process is subject to Pima County Code section 16 the Floodplain and Erosion Hazard Management Ordinance as well
as policies and procedures available here:
https://webcms.pima.gov/cms/one.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=60970
These policies require permits and review of subdivision and entitlements for all development within floodplains, erosion
hazard setbacks and Pima County Regulated Riparian Habitat. This includes any development that is substantially damaged,
defined as 50% of fair market value, over the lifetime of the property.
Describe the status and/or validity of the current floodplain hazard mapping for your jurisdiction:
The Pima County Regional Flood Control District budget supports an ongoing program of pro-active local floodplain studies
which revise approximately mapped FEMA Special Flood Hazard Area and extensive local Special Studies Floodplains .
Needs are identified in the approved Floodplain Management Plan. Many of these studies are conducted in -house while the
largest involve consulting teams and stakeholder groups including affected municipalities. A complete set of DFIRMs
including amendments are maintained by District GIS staff. The current effective FIRMs are the L Series DFIRMs, which
became effective on June 16, 2011, though a number of panels in the Agua Caliente Wash area have since been replaced
and are M Series DFIRMs. All of the previous K Series FIRMs have been superseded and should not be used for anything
but historical comparison. A full list of completed studies is available here:
https://webcms.pima.gov/cms/one.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=60308
Studies which are planned or underway are listed in the Floodplain Management Action Plan available here:
www.pima.gov/fmp
Storms, catastrophic fires and development may prompt studies not identified therein. Approved maps are available to the
public by visiting our office and in several formats on-line including a GIS Application and individual parcel or address
query. Consultants and researchers may also gain direct access to the data servers which are updated nightly as new data is
entered.
GIS: PimaMaps - Pima County
Printable and downloadable pdf “flood hazard map”: https://gis.pima.gov/apps/floodhazard/
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 97
Table 4-14 NFIP Compliance for: Pima County
Describe any community assistance activities (e.g. – help with obtaining Elevation Certificates, flood hazard identification
assistance, flood insurance acquisition guidance, public involvement activities, etc.):
The Pima County Regional Flood Control District provides map information services free of charge, and staff including
Certified Floodplain Managers, hydrologists and engineers are available to assist those seeking elevation certificates, permi ts
and entitlements to avoid the risks of floods. The District constructs projects to remove urbanized areas and critical facilities
from the floodplain. The District conducts targeted outreach activities including mailers, advertisements and events which
are all part of an approved Program for Public Information that is put together by a stakeholder committee. In the face of
new flood insurance rating methodology effective in 2022 the District staff is developing additional expertise in this area.
The same stakeholder committee guides the development of the Floodplain Management Plan discussed below and all
District activities are overseen by the Flood Control District Advisory Committee that includes one member appointed by
each Board of Supervisor District and one from each municipality in Pima County.
Describe identified needs in your floodplain management program. This could include things like updating the floodplain
management code/regulation, establishing written review procedures, modifying, or adding flood hazard area mapping, etc.
Pima County is a Class 3 NFIP Community and conducts the full spectrum of 6 creditable NFIP activity types and 161
discreet watershed specific activities identified in the Board approved Floodplain Management Action Plan. Needs identified
therein include:
• Updating the definition, identification of and rules for development in “critical basins” as defined in PCC Section
16 the Floodplain and Erosion Hazard Management Ordinance and Stormwater Retention/Detention Manual.
• Providing pre-vent technical assistance to emergency responders and the public to identify and provide warning of
road closures due to flooding.
Revising mapping procedures to address future conditions.
Table 4-15 NFIP Compliance for: Town of Marana
Describe your jurisdiction’s current floodplain management / regulation process for construction of new or substantially
improved development within your jurisdiction:
The town’s floodplain regulations are contained in Town Code Chapter 17-15 “Floodplain and Erosion Hazard
Management”, which was recently modified to more closely align with ADWR’s Model Ordinance; which goes above and
beyond the State of Arizona requirements. Regulatory floodplains are mapped on the town’s GIS system. Private and Public
development reviews verify that no infringement occurs within the floodplain (or that infringement is appropriately mitigated
within that project).
When a development is submitted through the Electronic Plan Review to Development Services staff, all plans and building
permits undergo a floodplain status check, to determine the floodplain status. If a property is within the SFHA or EHS it is
flagged in the Town’s project tracking system and a series of restrictions are placed on the building permit which are clear ed
with each inspection/requirement. These restrictions are:
• Establishment of an elevation reference hub (HANG in AO Zone) to determine the elevation of the top of bottom
floor.
• Verification of required structure elevation. Applicant’s surveyor sets elevation on the top of form or completed
pad with required slab thickness.
• Receipt and verification of the Elevation Certificate.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 98
Table 4-15 NFIP Compliance for: Town of Marana
Describe the status and/or validity of the current floodplain hazard mapping for your jurisdiction :
The Town utilizes Arc-View GIS to reflect the current DFIRM panels and LOMRs, which are downloaded from Pima
County Regional Flood Control District, and paper/electronic FIRMS and LOMRs.
The Town underwent re-mapping in 2008 with an effective date for the L-series mapping of 16 June 2011.
The Town Engineers office is the official repository for floodplain documents for the jurisdiction.
Describe any community assistance activities (e.g. – help with obtaining Elevation Certificates, flood hazard identification
assistance, flood insurance acquisition guidance, public involvement activities, etc.):
The Town provides assistance to the community in determining floodplain status, elevation certificates, LOMRs and other
associated floodplain questions. The Town also does a yearly public information effort that is targeted two groups; at real
estate professionals, mortgage lenders, engineers and banks and the second for the general public. This outreach outlines the
basic precautions for construction in the floodplain, associated risks, mitigation strategies and contact information.
Describe identified needs in your floodplain management program. This could include things like updating the floodplain
management code/regulation, establishing written review procedures, modifying, or adding flood hazard area mapping, etc.
The Town of Marana has updated the Floodplain Management Code in 2021 and is continually updating the policies and
procedures for our floodplain management program as required or needed. The Town recently revised the floodplain use
permit procedure to more closely align with ADWR and FEMA guidelines.
The Town has performed several area-wide drainage studies in an effort to create a master drainage plan for the town. In
these studies, areas that are determined to be within a new or re -mapped SFHA are marked and the appropriate floodplain
management actions are then required by the Town. These actions help to reduce the risk to life and property and keep the
Town’s CRS rating.
Table 4-16 NFIP Compliance for: Town of Oro Valley
Describe your jurisdiction’s current floodplain management / regulation process for construction of new or substantially
improved development within your jurisdiction:
The Town’s floodplain regulations are contained in Town Code Chapter 17 “Floodplain and Erosion Hazard Management”
which is drafted from ADWR’s Model Ordinance. Nearly all the Town’s regulatory floodplain areas are contained within
town-owned properties, and/or are within a platted (or granted) Drainage Easement on other properties. Town-owned washes
are further restricted against development and/or modification by the “Floodplain and Erosion Hazard Management
Ordinance” (Town Code Article 17-3-2).
The Town has a maintenance/control program, and annually allocates funds to remove channel -obstructing vegetation and
debris from selected watercourses and other town-owned property. Regulatory floodplains are mapped on the Town’s GIS
system. Private development reviews verify that no infringement occurs within the floodplain (or that infringement is
appropriately mitigated within that project).
When a development is submitted through the Electronic Plan Review to Community and Economic Development staff, and
all or some portion of the property is in the SFHA, it is tagged in our tracking system (Munis). Once a development is tagged,
the application is sent to both the Stormwater Utility and Building for review. This lets staff know that the development
must comply with Oro Valley’s ordinances as they relate to NFIP.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 99
Table 4-16 NFIP Compliance for: Town of Oro Valley
Describe the status and/or validity of the current floodplain hazard mapping for your jurisdiction :
Updated Town wide Federal Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) Panels became effective on June 6, 2011. Currently, these maps,
in addition to Letters of Map Change (LOMC) may be used to determine if a particular piece of property is in a 100 -year
floodplain.
FIRM panels will be updated for local LOMRs, updated community limits, and in certain locations, the FIRM panels will
have new identification numbers and be printed at a closer scale.
Describe any community assistance activities (e.g. – help with obtaining Elevation Certificates, flood hazard identification
assistance, flood insurance acquisition guidance, public involvement activities, etc.):
The Town of Oro Valley has worked with the Pima County Regional Flood Control District to provide Elevation Certificates
for properties that have been re-mapped into the 100-year flood zone as a result of the updated North Ranch Watershed
LOMR completed in 2020.
Throughout the year, Public Open House Home Owners Association Meetings are held within the town, to educate the public
on flood hazard areas, and rules and regulations for development activities within the flood hazard areas, and maintenance
responsibilities within drainage ways. These meetings are coordinated with the Town Manager’s Office of Oro Valley under
their lead role. The Town has also produced a publicly available Floodplain Mapping resource showing all the currently
identified floodplains; FEMA, Locally Platted, and Special Studies to assist the public in identifying their property floodplain
status.
Describe identified needs in your floodplain management program. This could include things like updating the floodplain
management code/regulation, establishing written review procedures, modifying, or adding flood hazard area mapping, etc.
The Town of Oro Valley updated its current Floodplain Management Ordinance on November 17, 2021 following the
Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR) guidelines as published in their model ordinances for the communities
within the state of Arizona.
The Town has partnered with FEMA and the Pima County Regional Flood Control District to fund multiple Watershed
Studies within and adjacent to the Town’s boundaries. These studies will be used to identify areas subject to development
activities with current or future flood hazard zones. These proactive steps help reduce the risk of loss of life and property
within the flood-prone areas in the town
Table 4-17 NFIP Compliance for: Pascua Yaqui Tribe
Describe your jurisdiction’s current floodplain management / regulation process for construction of new or substantially
improved development within your jurisdiction:
The Pascua Yaqui Tribe, Facilities Management Department employs a full-time registered Architect, and relative to new
construction projects on the reservation, the Pascua Yaqui Tribe refers to current requirements used by Pima County
Floodplain which uses FEMA maps and flood area designations. FEMA provides flood hazard and risk data to help guide
mitigation actions. The zones designated area provide recommended top of flood elevations that are used in subsequent
designs. For example, the Tribe is currently constructing a Food Pantry building. By using Pima County Floodplain
guidelines, Pima County contour maps, and FEMA maps the Tribe was able to determine the minimum pad elevation of two
feet above existing grades, develop a fill area and use a standard rip-rap detail for erosion control. On larger projects, the
Tribe contracts out to registered Civil Engineers and Hydrological Engineering consultants. When asked for flood maps
relative to the Tribe, we direct them to our Reservation wide study by JE Fuller Hydrology which is applied subjectively to
each project.
The Pascua Yaqui Tribe revised its FIRM to reflect LOMR, effective date March 21, 2016
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 100
Table 4-17 NFIP Compliance for: Pascua Yaqui Tribe
Describe the status and/or validity of the current floodplain hazard mapping for your jurisdiction:
The Pascua Yaqui Tribes’ current Drainage Master Plan (JE Fuller) currently being used is slated for update in the next few
years This along with current FEMA information provides flood hazard and risk data to help guide mitigation actions. Flood
mapping is also part of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), as it is the basis of the NFIP regulations and flood
insurance requirements. FEMA's flood mapping program is a guide relative Risk Mapping, Assessment, and Planning, or
Risk MAP panels included in the revision will be updated for local LOMRs, updated community limits, and in certain
locations, the FIRM panels will have new identification numbers and be printed at a closer scale.
Describe any community assistance activities (e.g. – help with obtaining Elevation Certificates, flood hazard identification
assistance, flood insurance acquisition guidance, public involvement activities, etc.):
Along with information from Pima County, FEMA provides flood hazard and risk data to help guide mitigation actions.
Flood mapping as part of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), is the basis for determining NFIP regulations and
flood insurance requirements.
Describe identified needs in your floodplain management program. This could inc lude things like updating the floodplain
management code/regulation, establishing written review procedures, modifying, or adding flood hazard area mapping, etc.
The Drainage Master Plan provided by JE Fuller currently being used is slated for update in the next few years. This along
with current FEMA information provides flood hazard and risk data to help guide mitigation actions.
Table 4-18 NFIP Compliance for: Town of Sahuarita
Describe your jurisdiction’s current floodplain management / regulation process for construction of new or substantially
improved development within your jurisdiction:
The Town of Sahuarita’s floodplain regulations are contained in the Sahuarita Town Code Title 14 Floodplain and Erosion
Hazard Management, which is modeled off the Pima County Code. The majority of the Town’s regulatory floodplain areas
are along the FEMA Floodplains of the Santa Cruz River. The Town has partnered with the majority of the local community
HOAs to keep local washes maintained and clean. Improvement and Development Plan reviews verify that no infringement
occurs within the floodplain (or that infringement is appropriately mitigated within that project). The Department of Public
Works is the main administrator for the Town of Sahuarita’s Floodplain and Erosion Hazard Management Program.
Describe the status and/or validity of the current floodplain hazard mapping for your jurisdiction :
Since the majority of the Town’s regulatory floodplain areas are along the FEMA Floo dplains of the Santa Cruz River, the
FEMA Map Service Center is a resource the Town uses for current floodplain hazard mapping. In addition, Tentative Plats
are put through the Town’s review process where flood and erosion hazard setback limits are identified and mitigated within
that project when there’s encroachment of the limits.
Describe any community assistance activities (e.g. – help with obtaining Elevation Certificates, flood hazard identification
assistance, flood insurance acquisition guidance, public involvement activities, etc.):
The Town of Sahuarita provides community assistance through plan review process as well as through our permitting
process. The Department of Public Works and Planning/Building work well together to provide information to the
community. The Department of Public Works have a Flood Hazard Information form as well as a Floodplain Use Permit
that provides a lot of useful information to all applicants.
Describe identified needs in your floodplain management program. This could include things like updating the floodplain
management code/regulation, establishing written review procedures, modifying, or adding flood hazard area mapping, etc.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 101
Table 4-18 NFIP Compliance for: Town of Sahuarita
The Town of Sahuarita’s Floodplain and Erosion Management program is currently working well with the Town’s growth.
As the Town continues, it might need more of a local mapping to determine flood and erosion hazard setback limits of local
washes as well as solidifying the enforcement process.
Table 4-19 NFIP Compliance for: City of Tucson
Describe your jurisdiction’s current floodplain management / regulation process for construction of new or substantially
improved development within your jurisdiction:
The City of Tucson’s floodplain regulations are contained in Tucson Code Chapter 26 Article I Flood and Erosion Hazard
Management Code, which is from ADWR’s Model Ordinance. The City of Tucson maintains compliance with NFIP
regulations by enforcement of the city’s current flood and erosion hazard management codes through review of new
development located in the regulatory flood prone and erosion hazard setback areas, and with the issuance of floodplain use
permits. Many of the City of Tucson’s regulatory floodplain areas are not contained within channel s and some drainageways
are on private properties maintained by homeowner associations, private owners, railroad, USA, county, schools, State, or
other ownership. Some watercourses or stormdrain systems are within a platted (or granted) as public or privat e drainage
easements. Some stormdrain systems are within public flowage easements. City -owned washes stormdrain system are
inspected annually. The City of Tucson Department of Transportation and Mobility has an extensive drainage maintenance
program, and hires environmental hazard companies, vactor services to supplement maintenance work. Regulatory
floodplains, watercourse centerlines, flood elevations for FEMA zones and City Flood Hazard Areas are mapped on the
City’s GIS system MapTucson. Private development reviews verify that no encroachment occurs within the floodplain (that
results in more than a tenth of a foot rise in floodplain fringe areas and zero rise in floodway).
When a development is submitted through the electronic plan review to Department of Transportation and Mobility
permitting staff for Right-of-way areas, or Planning and Development Services staff, and all or some portion of the property
is in the SFHA or City regulatory flood area or within an erosion hazard setback, it is p rocessed for a floodplain use permit
that is issued concurrently or before other permits. Applications are sent to both Engineering (for flood and erosion reviews )
as well as other staff such as Building review. Elevation / Construction Certificates are required for substantial improvements
that need to show finished floor elevation and pad elevation compliance. When a certificate is required, a pre -slab certificate
must be submitted in order for other inspections to continue. The hold is released after e ngineering staff has reviews the
pre-slab certificate and then the foundation pour may then commence, otherwise woodwork for slab would need to be
elevated to assure compliance with minimum elevation set forth in the floodplain use permit conditions.
Describe the status and/or validity of the current floodplain hazard mapping for your jurisdiction :
In compliance with the NFIP, the City of Tucson will continue to require the preparation and submittal of a CLOMR or
CLOMR-F for all proposed developments within FEMA delineated Special Flood Hazard Areas. Through a FEMA grant,
the City of Tucson obtained a Risk MAP identifying Flood Data and Risks and Areas of Mitigation Interests including
Essential Facilities (Critical Facilities). The City of Tucson is looking to update this Tucson Flood Risk Map for flood risk
mapping, flood assessment and flood risk planning purposes. The City will also continue to prepare record drawings and
submit LOMR's per NFIP requirements. Updated Countywide Federal Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) Panels became effective
on June 16, 2011 and revised September 28, 2012. Currently, these maps, in addition to Letters of Map Change (LOMC)
may be used to determine if a particular piece of property is in a 100 -year floodplain. The 500-year floodplain is also used
to help determine critical facility compliance (elevating to higher standard fo r critical facilities as defined by floodplain
ordinance), since the X-shaded areas in the City of Tucson are clarified on MapTucson for differentiating between 100 -year
shallow flood under a foot deep, protected by levee or 500-year flood.
A PMR or Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) will be performed by Pima County Regional Flood Control District for the
City’s Downtown Links Project after the City of Tucson provides as-built data for the LOMR submittal by the county.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 102
Table 4-19 NFIP Compliance for: City of Tucson
Describe any community assistance activities (e.g. – help with obtaining Elevation Certificates, flood hazard identification
assistance, flood insurance acquisition guidance, public involvement activities, etc.):
As part of a NFIP participating community, the City of Tucson (040076) performs Elevation certificate review and
inspection, Map information service, Outreach projects, Hazard disclosure, Flood protection information, Flood protection
assistance, Flood insurance promotion, Floodplain mapping, Open space preservation, Higher regulatory standards, Flood
data maintenance, Stormwater management, Repetitive loss outreach and mitigation assistance, Floodplain management
planning, Acquisition and relocation, Flood protection, Drainage system maintenance, Flood warning and response, and
Levees and Dams emergency response planning. City Floodplain Administration has held the TSMS Phase Va - Tucson
Floodplain Management Plan Update in 2020 with open house and virtual public meetings. Outreach events including
floodplain training for the Tucson real estate community was held in 2020, and in 2021 a Flood Insurance Meeting was held
virtually for two sessions by the City of Tucson with assistance by the State and PCRFD. The City of Tucson works closely
with PCRFCD on watershed studies. The City of Tucson also works with adjacent communities and agencies for
development near and in the city boundaries (Unincorporated Pima County, City of South Tucson, Union Pacific Railroa d,
State of Arizona, Federal government, ADOT).
Describe identified needs in your floodplain management program. This could include things like updating the floodplain
management code/regulation, establishing written review procedures, modifying, or add ing flood hazard area mapping, etc.
The City of Tucson is seeking assistance to assure accurate regulatory floodplain delineations are being created during map
updates; with the use of newer modeling software, there is now a need for quality check to ass ure smaller floodplain limits
are not drawn for flowrates under regulatory flowrates of 100-cfs. The City of Tucson is also seeking funding for more
floodplain management staff as well as money for projects that include a study, design plans, and construc tion to mitigate
and prevent flood, erosion, drought, extreme heat, severe wind, and wildfire hazards. The City’s Floodplain Management
Plan adopted in December 2020 (updated from the 2016 FMP) has identified these and other action items.
Repetitive Loss Properties
Repetitive Loss (RL) properties are those NFIP-insured properties that since 1978, have experience multiple flood
losses. FEMA tracks RL properties and to identify Severe RL (SRL) properties. RL properties demonstrate a record
of accomplishment of repeated flooding for a certain location and are one element of the vulnerability analysis. RL
properties are also important to the NFIP since structures that flood frequently put a strain on the National Flood
Insurance Fund.
The table below lists the type of properties with RL, for the Town of Oro Valley there is one unmitigated property,
but the type of structure is unknown.
Table 4-20: Repetitive Loss Property Statistics
Single Family
Residential
Multi-Unit
Residential
Commercial Jurisdiction No. of
Properties
No. of
Properties
Mitigated
Total
Payments
Oro Valley 1 0 $41,805
3 2 2 Tucson 7 0 $153,971
23 Unincorporated
Pima County 23 3 $1,056,184
Source: ADWR September 22, 2022 for Unincorporated Pima County. The City of Tucson provided their own data
on September 23, 2002.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
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SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 103
4.4.6 Landslide
Description
Landslide is the generic term used to describe the downslope movement of earth materials due to gravity. There are
several different types of landslides that are categorized by the depth of failure, the type of material moved, the water
content, and rate of movement. Landslides may be triggered by earthquakes, extreme precipitation, flooding, or
otherwise removing support from the slope. Debris flows, a common type of landslide in Arizona, are moving masses
of loose mud, sand, soil, rock, water and air. Such flows must have sparse vegetation and a supply of loose debris, so
they often occur in areas disturbed by wildfires. They are closely associated with extreme precipitation and flooding,
which is described in more detail in Section 4.4.5. Landslides may also cause flooding, either by displacing great
volumes of water with surficial materials, or by damming a stream until it breaches and floods.
Cascading events are a hazard with landslides. The nature of cascading events associated with landslides stems from
the mass, volume, water content, soil and rock conditions, rate of movement, and environs in which the landslide
occurs. It is important to note, that landslides are commonly triggered by other events, e.g., an earthquake or flood,
and thus may constitute a cascading event in their own right.
Common cascading events associated with landslides include:
• Damaged or destroyed transportation lines such as roads, railways, rivers.
• Flooding resulting from damming of river or water displacement resulting from the landslide mass
encroaching on a body of water natural lake, river, canal, or reservoir.
• Broken infrastructure such as gas pipelines, water mains, sewer lines, utility lines, canals buildings.
• Secondary landslides following a primary slide.
History
Landslides, rock slides, and debris flows have occurred over the millennium in and around the mountainous regions
of Pima County, typically associated with seasonal and heavy precipitation. In the summer of 2006, extreme
precipitation caused a particularly significant occurrence of about 1,000 debris flows in four mountain ranges in
southern Arizona.1,2 Debris flows in the Santa Catalina Mountains north of Tucson occurred in nine canyons and
exited or nearly exited the mouths of five of those canyons flowing into developed areas.3 Debris flows and rockfalls
temporarily closed portions of the Mt. Lemmon Highway and also destroyed a portion of the Mt. Lemmon Short Road
at the base of Mt. Lemmon. Costs to repair infrastructure destroyed in Sabi no Canyon was approximately $1.5 million.
No landslides of major significance, such as multiple-day road closures, have since occurred between 2006 and 2021.
During the 2021 monsoons, several small volume debris flows were observed in Finger Rock Canyon in the Santa
Catalina during the 2021 monsoon. No damage was reported and the debris flows did not reach the canyon mouth.4
On July 22, 2021 there were between 1.5 to 2.5 inches of rain across the Town of Oro Valley, leading to some sediment
and debris flows emanating from the Pusch Ridge area of the Santa Catalina Mountain Range. Residents in the Rancho
Catalina and Sunnyslope subdivisions saw sediment and debris across their properties, local streets, and drainage
ways. While no major damage was reported within the Town, this was a multiple-day storm system (between July
19-25) that required significant sediment and debris removal efforts on the part of the Town. Significant sediment and
debris were noted in portions of the Catalina Foothills where more than 9 inches of rain was received over a four-day
period, with reported damage due to sediment debris flows at homes in the foothills area. This storm was compared
to a 2006 flood event within Pima County when an extraordinary meteorological event produce d flash flooding and
debris flow in southeastern Arizona in late July.
1 Pearthree, P.A., Youberg, A., 2006, Recent Debris Flows and Floods in Southern Arizona , Arizona Geology, Vol. 36, No. 3
2 Magirl, C.S., Webb, R.H., Griffiths, P.G., Schaffner, M., Shoemaker, C., Pytlak, E., Yatheendradas, S., Lyon, S.W., Troch, P.A., Desilets,
S.L.E., Goodrich, D.C., Unkrich, C.L., Youberg, A., and Pearthree, P.A., 2007, Impact of recent extreme Arizona storms: Eos,
Transactions American Geophysical Union, v. 88, no. 17, p. 191 -193.
3 Webb, R.H., Magirl, C.S., Griffiths, P.G., and Boyer, D.E., 2008, Debris Flows and Floods in Southeastern Arizona from Extrem e Precipitation
in Late July 2006: Magnitude, Frequency, and Sediment Delivery. U.S. Geological Survey Open -File Report 2008-1274, 95 p.
4 Arizona Geological Survey at the University of Arizona | Facebook post December 19, 2021.
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Location
Debris flows, rockfalls and translational landslides are the most common type of landslides in Pima County.
Landslides typically occur on steep upper slopes of mountain ranges. Accordingly, the Mt. Lemmon Highway is
particularly vulnerable to rockfalls and landslides and must be periodically repaired. Debris flows and rock material
may be deposited at the base of slopes where failures occur or transported to valley floors and alluvial fans at canyon
mouths. The front range of the Santa Catalina Mountains is vulnerable to debris flows as evidenced by geologic
deposits and by recent events.5
Extent
There is not enough current data to estimate the potential magnitude of landsli des. In general terms, landslides can
threaten human life, impact transportation corridors and communication systems, and cause damage to property and
other infrastructure. Actual losses can range from mere inconvenience to high maintenance costs where ver y slow or
small-scale destructive slides are involved. Landslides, rockfalls, and debris flows are typically associated with heavy
rainfall events during the summer monsoon or following winter snowfall and rains. Landslides can also be triggered
by moderate to large magnitude temblors. During periods of heavy precipitation, the onset of such events can be swift
and severe and events may last hours or longer depending on severity.
Probability of Future Events
The probability of a landslide causing damage in the planning area is difficult to determine because of the lack of
historic data. However, high-intensity and long-duration precipitation may cause landslides by oversaturating hillslope
soils. Disturbances to slopes, particularly from wildfires, changes in hydrologic conditions make slopes more
susceptible to failure from rainfall-runoff generated by commonly occurring storms (high-frequency, low-magnitude
storms). Removal of substrate support (soil or rock) from the slopes where highways and roa ds are built can also result
in landslides. Earthquakes may also cause landslides.
Landslides range in size and frequency, from small, nuisance events (minor shallow landslides, rockfalls) along roads
or uninhabited areas, to large, fast-moving, destructive debris flows, with varying effects depending on location.
Future climate variability could increase the frequency and number of landslide events if that variability leads to an
increase in erosional weather factors.
Vulnerability
The impacts from landslides can cause deaths and damages without warning. In the United States, some of the
economic factors that result from landslides include :6
• Cost $3.5 billion a year in damages
• Causes 25 - 50 deaths annually
• Reduction in real estate values and tourist revenue
• Lead to lost human, industrial, agricultural, and forest productivity
• Cause damage to the natural environment
5 Youberg, A.M., Webb, R.H., Fenton, C.R., and Pearthree, P.A., 2014, Latest Pleistocene –Holocene debris flow activity, Santa Catalina
Mountains, Arizona; Implications for modern debris-flow hazards under a changing climate: Geomorphology, v. 219, p. 87 -102.
6 US Geological Survey, Landslides Hazards Program, online at http://landslides.usgs.gov/
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The general population is not overly vulnerable to landslides, but rockfall can cause serious injury or death. Pima
County-owned facilities most vulnerable to landslides are roadways and bridges or culverts along known debris flow
areas on the Catalina Highway up to Mount Lemmon within the Coronado National Forest and at the base of the
mountain. Further study is needed to assess the magnitude of these risks, document landslide sites, and determine if
mitigation efforts are warranted and feasible. Some post-fire debris flows have been documented.7 The calculated
priority risk index (CPRI) for landslides in Pima County jurisdictions is presented in Table 4-21. The unincorporated
area’s score is higher due to more locations in vulnerable areas than other areas located further away from mountainous
regions.
Table 4-21: CPRI Results for Landslide
Participating Jurisdiction Probability
Magnitude/
Severity
Warning
Time Duration
CPRI
Score
Marana Unlikely Limited 12-24 hours < 24 hours 1.55
Oro Valley Possible Limited < 6 hours < 6 hours 2.20
Pascua Yaqui Tribe Unlikely Negligible < 6 hours < 6 hours 1.45
Sahuarita Unlikely Negligible > 24 hours < 6 hours 1.00
Tucson Unlikely Negligible < 6 hours < 6 hours 1.45
Unincorporated Pima County Likely Limited < 6 hours < 6 hours 2.65
County-wide average CPRI = 1.72
Jurisdictions in bold chose to mitigate against the hazard
Due to the proximity to the Santa Catalina Mountains, the Town of Oro Valley has a few neighborhoods with potential
susceptibility to landslides, debris flows, and sediment when there is significant precipitation and/or localized flooding
events. These neighborhoods may have sediment and debris across their properties, local streets, and in drainage ways
that require debris-clean up and removal. As a result of the potential for post-fire flooding, the US Forest Service
continues to monitor, assess, and identify any possible mitigation projects in the Catalina’s to reduce potential impacts
of any flooding, landslides, debris flow, and sediment initiating on the mountain.
The Pascua Yaqui Tribe’s vulnerability to a Landslide eve nt would stem from high-intensity and long-durations of
precipitation oversaturating hillslope soils within the Black Mountain range. Disturbances to slopes, particularly from
wildfires, changes in hydrologic conditions make slopes more susceptible to fail ure from rainfall-runoff generated by
commonly occurring storms. Most vulnerable to landslides are roadways, bridges, and culverts.
Due to the geographical make-up of the City of Tucson the jurisdiction is most unlikely to be directly affected by a
landslide. The effect that a landslide may cause would be indirectly related to the result of the impact of landslides in
other areas such as Unincorporated Pima County, which have direct ties to the City of Tucson either through residents,
or businesses.
Loss Estimation
Losses are difficult to estimate given a lack of accepted measurement standards, however, the county spends
significant time and money removing and repairing landslide occurrences along portions of General Hitchcock
Highway as well as other roadways, especially following precipitation events. During rainfall events, residential
properties in the Santa Catalina’s and other regional ranges have suffered damage from land and mudslide events. The
losses in the Santa Catalina Sabino Canyon flood and rockslide topped over 1 million dollars in 2006.8 For more
information on total flooding impacts and losses which include landslide losses, see Section 4.4.5 on Flooding.
7 Youberg, A., 2015, Geodatabase of Post-Wildfire Study Basins: Assessing the predictive strengths of post -wildfire debris-flow
models in Arizona, and defining rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for initiation of post-fire debris flow. Arizona
Geological Survey, geodatabase, excel workbook, report 10 p. http://repository.azgs.az.gov/uri_gin/azgs/dlio/1635
8 Arizona State Geological Survey, http://www.azgs.az.gov/Hazards_ocr/slopefailure/Landslide-fact-sheet3.pdf, retrieved 2017
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Changes in Development in the Hazard Area
Increased temperatures are projected to contribute to more water evaporation making drought more common, which
would increase the probability of wildfire, reducing the vegetation that helps to support steep slopes. To the extent
that development continues along the margins of the Santa Cata lina’s and other mountain ranges of Pima County,
more structures and infrastructure could be exposed to risks associated with landslides, rockfalls and debris flows.
Zoning codes and building codes should be evaluated and updated, if necessary, to inform development decisions in
vulnerable areas and reduce these risks. Roadway improvements should continue to follow current Federal Highway
Administration design guidelines and best practices to avoid and minimize landslide, rockfall, and debris flow hazards .
Within the Town of Oro Valley, while there continues to be commercial and residential development, there are
requirements to meet the Stormwater Utility’s current floodplain management and other building codes. These include
the subdivision design standards, drainage criteria manual, international building codes, and zoning codes to address
scour, erosion, and sediment transport. While there is development, the infrastructure is being constructed or
remodeled to potentially be at less risk/vulnerability to sediment and debris flows.
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PIMA COUNTY
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4.4.7 Severe Wind
Description
The hazard of severe wind encompasses all climatic events which produce damaging winds. For Pima County, severe
winds usually result either from extreme pressure gradients that occur in the spring and early summer months or from
thunderstorms. Thunderstorms can occur year-round and are usually associated with cold fronts in the winter,
monsoon activity in the summer, and tropical storms in the late summer or early fall.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) notes that damaging winds are often called straight-
line winds to differentiate the damage they cause from tornado damage. Strong thunderstorm winds can come from a
number of different processes. Most thunderstorm winds that cause damage at the ground are a result of outflow
generated by a thunderstorm downdraft. Damaging winds are classified a s those exceeding 50-60 mph.9
Three types of damaging wind-related features typically accompany a thunderstorm:
• Downbursts are columns of air moving rapidly downward through a thunderstorm. When the air reaches the
ground, it spreads out in all directions, creating horizontal wind gusts of 80 mph or higher. Downburst winds
have been measured as high as 140 mph. Some of the air curls back upward with the potential to generate a new
thunderstorm cell. Downbursts are called macrobursts when the diameter is greater than 2.5 miles, and
microbursts when the diameter is 2.5 miles or less. Downbursts can be either wet or dry. Wet downbursts contain
precipitation that continues down to the ground, while the precipitation in a dry downburst evaporates on the
way to the ground, decreasing the air temperature and increasing the airspeed. In a microburst, the wind speeds
are highest near the location where the downdraft reaches the surface, and are reduced as they move outward
due to the friction of objects at the surface. Typical damage from downbursts includes uprooted trees, downed
power lines, mobile homes knocked off their foundations, block walls and fences blown down, and porches and
awnings blown off homes. Aircrafts caught in the downdraft can also be forced to the ground.10
• Straight-line winds develop similar to downbursts, but are usually sustained for greater periods as a thunderstorm
reaches the mature stage. Straight-line winds travel (or are pushed), parallel to the ground surface on the leading
edge of a thunderhead, reaching speeds of 75 mph or higher. These winds are frequently responsible for
generating dust storms, sometimes called haboobs, reducing visibility, and creating hazardous driving
conditions.
• A tornado is a rapidly rotating funnel (or vortex) of air that extends from the cloud to the ground. Most funnel
clouds do not touch the ground, but when the lower tip of the funnel cloud touches the earth it becomes a tornado
and can cause extensive damage. Tornadoes can also form when a dust devil is stretched upward to contact a
thunderstorm cloud. For the County, tornadoes are the least common severe wind.
History
Pima County has had one state/federal declaration involving severe winds.11 The combined economic loss of
thunderstorm wind events (for those declared and not declared) is approximately $30 million damage to property and
agriculture in the last 50 years, and there have at least 3 deaths and 103 injuries, associated with dust storm-related
accidents on I-10. Severe wind events occur on a significantly more frequent basis throughout the county, but do not
always have reported damages associated with every event. A search of the NOAA National Center for Environmental
Information (NCEI) Storm Event Database revealed the following examples of significant severe wind events that
have occurred in Pima County:12
• January 21, 2017, a winter storm impacted southeast Arizona on January 20th and 21st. This storm resulted
in very heavy snow across area mountain ranges, especially over 7000 feet in elevation with some locations
seeing in excess of 2 feet of snow. Strong winds caused damage at both high and lower elevations. Damage
9 NOAA- Severe Weather 101, https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/education/svrwx101/wind/
10 Arizona Division of Emergency Management, State of Arizona Hazard Mitigation Plan (2018).
https://dema.az.gov/sites/default/files/publications/EM-PLN_State_Mit_Plan_2018.pdf.
11 Disaster Designation Information – State and County Level Records of Presidential Major Disaster and Presidential Emergency Declarations –
Pima County, AZ October 1-2, 2018; Severe Storms and Flooding. https://www.fsa.usda.gov/programs-and-services/disaster-assistance-
program/disaster-designation-information/index.
12NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database
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due to strong winds occurred in the Tucson metro area. Tree damage constituted the majority of the wind
damage, including substantial tree damage at Agua Caliente Park. Additionally, a power pole was blown
down in Marana. Damage was estimated at $75,000.
• July 14, 2017, numerous thunderstorms moved southwest across southeast Arizona. One thunderstorm
produced a brief landspout tornado in the Marana area. Blowing dust reduced visibility to less than a quarter
mile along I-10 near Pinal Air Park. No damage was reported.
• August 10, 2017, scattered thunderstorms moved northwest across southeast Arizona. The most notable
produced a large swath of tree damage across the east side of Tucson. Over one hundred eucalyptus and other
large shallow-rooted trees were toppled and many other tree limbs were downed on the east side of Tucson.
The damage path from this severe thunderstorm was about a mile and a half on either side of a line from
Broadway Boulevard and Kolb Road to Tanque Verde and Sabino Canyon Roads. Several trees fell onto
buildings near Speedway Boulevard and Pantano Road, including the Woodridge Apartment complex, which
sustained significant damage to several units. One of the trees also crushed an automobile. Many other trees
damaged retaining walls or power lines when they were downed. At least one power pole was also snapped.
At least 7,000 customers were without power for several hours. Additionally, the roof was ripped off one
house near 5th Street and Kent Drive. Damage was estimated at $250,000.
• August 10, 2019, scattered thunderstorms produced moderate to locally heavy rain in southeast Arizona. A
landspout tornado formed north of Three Points and persisted for 3 minutes.
• September 23, 2019, an upper level low and tropical moisture created favorable conditions for severe weather
with isolated to scattered storms forming mainly from Tucson eastward. These storms produced blowing dust
in Pinal County, significant straight-line wind damage in Tucson, and an EF-1 tornado in Willcox. Dozens
of trees were downed; there was damage to several residences roofs and fences. At least two vehicles were
damaged from falling trees and limbs, and at least one road sign was bent over from the strong winds. Damage
was estimated at $150,000.
• November 29, 2019 a line of thunderstorms caused extensive tree damage from the Rooney Ranch and Steam
Pump Ranch area through Oro Valley Marketplace to Catalina Regional Park. A portion of the roof to a n
outbuilding was blown off at Steam Pump Ranch. An antenna on the Oro Valley Police substation located
in the Marketplace was damaged. The most severe damage occurred to trees within the park and in a
residential area immediately to the east. Several one -foot diameter trees were snapped off at the midpoint of
the trunk while others were uprooted. Roof damage to mobile homes farther east was also noted. A tree fell
on a car at one residence. Damage was estimated at $75,000.
• July 11, 2020, isolated to scattered thunderstorms developed and moved north across southeast Arizona,
primarily south of I-10. The thunderstorms rolled northwest across the Tucson Metro area with thunderstorm
outflow winds downing numerous trees and ten power poles. Power was out for several hours for at least
12,000 customers due to downed poles and lines as well as damaged transformers. Power poles were down
at Broadway and Craycroft Road, Prince Road and Flowing Wells Road, and Ina Road and Oracle Road.
Fallen trees caused damage to the Mission Palms Apartments near Orange Grove Road and La Cholla
Boulevard. Trees also fell onto a vehicle at River and Craycroft and two cars in Oro Valley. A wind gust to
59 mph was recorded at KDMA Davis-Monthan AFB ASOS. Damage was estimated at $100,000.
• August 16, 2020, scattered thunderstorms developed and moved west -southwest across southeast Arizona
during the late afternoon and early evening. Storms produced wind damage in the northwest Tucson Metro
and Sells. Thunderstorm winds downed power poles along Silverbell Road north of Sunset Road in northwest
Tucson resulting in the downed power lines that started a brush fire. Thunderstorm outflow winds caused a
large dust storm to move southwest into parts of the Tohono O'odham Nation.
• July 2, 2021, scattered thunderstorms moved west across southeast Arizona, producing flash flooding and a
swath of damaging winds across the Tucson Metro area which downed or uprooted numerous trees in
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midtown Tucson including several at a cemetery on Prince Road and Oracle Boulevard. One tree fell on a
house near Pima St. and Columbus Boulevard and another damaged a car at River Road and 1st Avenue.
Winds also damaged a house under construction near Prince and Country Club Road and downed large power
poles near Tucson Mall, causing the closure of 1st Avenue between River and Wetmore Roads. About 6000
customers lost electricity service. A landspout was also observed in northeast Tucson around Skyline Road
and Kolb Roa d. Damage was estimated at $100,000.
• July 10, 2021, scattered thunderstorms developed across the Mogollon Rim and International Border and
moved west across southeast Arizona. Several storms became severe with damaging winds of 60 to 90 mph
that created blowing dust. Thunderstorms winds downed 30 power poles and dozens of trees in Green Valley
and Sahuarita. One of the downed trees broke a water main and others blocked streets. Around 10,000
customers were without power into the overnight hours. A Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow
Network (CoCoRaHS) observer on the southeast side of Green Valley measured a wind gust of 66 mph at
18:55 MST. The most extensive structural damage occurred in Green Valley/Sahuarita areas. Damage was
estimated at $100,000.
• July 12, 2021, thunderstorm wind gusts downed several trees in western Oro Valley and Marana and downed
power poles along Trico Road. Along with significant rainfall, there was also significant post-storm clean-
up due to downed and uprooted trees and broken branches due to bursts of high winds during the storm in
Oro Valley. Damage was estimated at $20,000.
• July 20, 2021, isolated thunderstorms developed and moved west across Pima County and thunderstorm
winds caused damage at a church complex near Broadway Boulevard. and Craycroft Road in Tucson,
blowing in one 50-foot tall stained glass window and blowing out another. An awning was damaged on the
school building and the pastor's residence suffered shingle damage. A tree was also downed which damaged
an iron post fence, and the church marquis was damaged. Nearby, a tree was downed damaging the wall of a
house. Several other trees were downed farther north and west and a carport was destroyed near 5th St reet
and Alvernon Way. Damage was estimated at $100,000.
• July 22, 2021, several rounds of thunderstorms were triggered by a westward-moving upper-level weather
system across southeast Arizona into the early morning of July 23. The thunderstorm winds downed 60 power
poles and numerous trees and in Green Valley and Sahuarita, mostly al ong La Cañada Drive from Duval
Mine Road to near Anamax Road and near the entrance to Quail Creek. A traffic signal was also damaged in
Green Valley while the wall of a townhouse was blown over in Sahuarita. Wind damage and flash flooding
occurred in Douglas, Green Valley, and the Tucson Metro area. Flooding also occurred along the San Pedro
River as well as the Pantano Wash and Rillito River, and eventually downstream along the Santa Cruz River.
Damage was estimated at $250,000.
City of Tucson: While windy days are not at all uncommon in the City of Tucson, there are times either during a
winter storm or monsoon season that winds can become severe (caused by microburst, straight -line winds, and even
a rare tornado), damaging homes, utilities and more as t hey pass through our City.
Extent
High winds, often accompanying severe thunderstorms, can cause significant property damage, threaten public safety,
and have adverse economic impacts from business closures and power loss. Windstorms in the planning area are rarely
life-threatening, but do disrupt daily activities, cause damage to buildings, and structures, and increase the potential
for other hazards, such as wildfire. Strong thunderstorm winds can start a dust storm. Dust storms usually arrive
suddenly in the form of an advancing wall of dust and debris which may be miles long and several thousand feet high.
They strike with little warning and can drastically reduce visibility making driving conditions hazardous. Dust storms
usually last only a few minutes and the blinding, choking dust can quickly reduce visibility causing accidents that may
involve chain collisions, creating massive pileups.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 110
The wind zone map shows how the frequency and strength of extreme windstorms vary across the United States. Pima
County is entirely located in Zone 1, as illustrated in Figure 4-17. Wind speeds in Zone I, where the risk of extreme
windstorms is lowest, can be as high as 130 miles per hour.
Source: Federal Emergency Management Agency. Double Jeopardy: Building Codes May Underestimate Risks Due to
Multiple Hazards.
Figure 4-17 Wind Zones in the United States
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 111
The Beaufort Wind Scale, indicated by Table 4-22, provides a measure of wind magnitude versus expected damages.
The Beaufort scale is useful since it specifically addresses wind effects over landbased on wind speed. Wind speeds
in the Beaufort Number 10-11 range impact the county annually. On rare occasions, wind gusts in the county can
creep into the low end of the Beaufort Number 12 category.
Table 4-22: The Beaufort Wind Scale
Force Name Wind Speed
(mpg) Consequences
0 Calm 0 Smoke rises vertically
1 Light Air 1-3 Smoke drifts with air
2 Light Breeze 4-7 Weather vanes become active
3 Gentle Breeze 8-12 Leaves and small twigs move
4 Moderate Breeze 13-18 Dust and loose paper rises. Small branches sway
5 Fresh Breeze 19-24 Small trees sway
6 Strong Breeze 25-31 Large branches sway
7 Near Gale 32-38 Whole trees sway – difficult to walk against wind
8 Gale 39-46 Twigs break off trees
9 Strong Gale 47-54 Shingles blow off roofs – light structure damage
10 Storm 55-63 Trees uprooted – Considerable structural damage
11 Violent Storm 64-73 Widespread structural damage
12 Hurricane Over 73 Considerable and widespread damage to structures
Source: See generally, National Weather Service - Weather Prediction Center. Meteorological Conversions and Calculations
– The Beaufort Wind Scale.
Tornado damage severity is measured by the Enhanced Fujita Tornado Scale, which assigns a numerical value of 0
to 5 based on wind speeds and damage potential, as shown in Table 4-23. Most tornadoes last less than 30 minutes,
but some last for over an hour. The path of a tornado can range from a few hundred feet to miles in len gth. The width
of a tornado may range from tens of yards to more than a quarter of a mile.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
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SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 112
Table 4-23: The Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF Scale)
EF Rating Character 3 Second Gust
(mph) Description
0 Weak 65-85
Light Damage. Some damage to chimneys; branches
broken off trees, shallow-rooted trees uprooted, sign
boards damaged.
1 Weak 86-110
Moderate damage. Roof surfaces peeled off; mobile
homes pushed foundations or overturned; moving autos
pushed off road.
2 Strong 111-135
Considerable damage. Roofs torn from frame houses;
mobile homes demolished; boxcars pushed over; large
trees snapped or uprooted; light objects become
projectiles.
3 Strong 136-165
Severe damage. Roofs and some walls torn from well-
constructed houses; trains overturned; most trees in
forested area uprooted; heavy cars lifted and thrown.
4 Violent 166-200
Devastating damage. Well- constructed houses
leveled; structures with weak foundation blown some
distance; cars thrown; large missiles generated.
5 Violent Over 200
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses lifted off
foundations, carried considerable distances, and
disintegrated; auto-sized missiles airborne for several
hundred feet or more; trees debarked.
Source: National Weather Service - Weather Prediction Center: The Enhanced Fujita Scale (EF Scale)
Probability of Future Events
High winds may be expected to occur in Pima County, several times a year. The probability of a severe thunderstorm
winds occurring with high velocity winds increases as the average duration and number of thunderstorm events
increases. According to the NCEI database, from January 2013 through July 31, 2021, the county averaged about
20.11 thunderstorm wind events a year totaling $4,217,300 in estimated damages. For that same period, approximately
$4,526,300 million in damages were estimated for all wind events.
Although tornadoes occur less frequently, funnels clouds have been observed in recent years as well as landspout
tornadoes which have occur approximately every two years within the planning area. Based on the historic record, the
probability of tornadoes occurring in the county is limited. Since 1950, 24 tornadoes have been observed. While
limited, tornadoes in the county have been rated at an EF2 or lower on the scale however three fatalities and 53 injuries
have been attributed to tornadoes. Most tornadoes in southern Arizona last less than 15 minutes, have a path length of
less than one mile, and are less than 100 yards in width.13
Vulnerability
Table 4-24: CPRI Results for Severe Wind
Participating Jurisdiction Probability
Magnitude/
Severity
Warning
Time Duration
CPRI
Score
Marana Likely Limited 6 to 12 hours < 24 hours 2.60
Oro Valley Likely Limited < 6 hours < 6 hours 2.65
Pascua Yaqui Tribe Likely Limited 6 to 12 hours < 6 hours 2.50
Sahuarita Likely Limited < 6 hours < 6 hours 2.85
Tucson Likely Limited < 6 hours < 6 hours 2.65
Unincorporated Pima County Highly Likely Critical < 6 hours < 6 hours 3.40
13 National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). Storm Events Database (Search Parameters for Pima County Arizona - Event Type:
Tornado, Search Period: 01/01/1950 – 07/31/2021). https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 113
Table 4-24: CPRI Results for Severe Wind
Participating Jurisdiction Probability
Magnitude/
Severity
Warning
Time Duration
CPRI
Score
County-wide average CPRI = 2.78
Jurisdictions in bold chose to mitigate against the hazard
Town of Oro Valley: Most of the Town of Oro Valley’s vulnerability to severe wind events typically occurs during
thunderstorms and other types of intense rainfall events. Thunderstorms can bring in high winds, create funnel clouds,
and microbursts. Resulting damages from winds are typically reflected through downed trees and branches, roof’s,
traffic signals, and power lines. Private property owners may not report wind impacts, making it difficult to estimate
community losses. Post storm clean-up on public property, generally falls under a normal/routine activity unless there
was significant damages or costs associated with a particular event. Severe wind events are often associated with
wildfires, with wind driven wildfires being more unpredictable and cause a more severe rate of spread, leading to
additional impacts.
City of South Tucson: Most of the South Tucson’s vulnerability to severe wind events typically occurs during
thunderstorms, summer monsoons and other types of intense rainfall events. Thunderstorms can bring in high winds,
create funnel clouds, and microbursts. Resulting damage s from winds are typically reflected through downed trees
and branches, roofs, traffic signals, and power lines. Private property owners may not report wind impacts, making it
difficult to estimate community losses. Post storm clean-up on public property, generally falls under a normal/routine
activity unless there was significant damages or costs associated with a particular event. Severe wind events are often
associated with wildfires, with wind driven wildfires being more unpredictable and cause a mor e severe rate of spread,
leading to additional impacts.
City of Tucson: Severe wind in the City of Tucson usually follows closely on the tails of the summer monsoon season14.
While heavy rainfall is predictable at that time of year and leads to short-term flash flooding, and the community is
resilient to these weather events, severe wind is less predictable with these storms. Thunderstorm wind gusts here in
the Southwest commonly exceed 40 mph, with stronger wind gusts exceeding 100 mph and capable of producing
damage similar to a tornado.15
Other storms, especially during the beginning of the monsoon in late July when there is still substantial daily ground
heating, produce what are called microbursts (rapid pressure changes in the upper atmosphere that lead to large air
masses dropping rapidly to the ground creating wind damage in a radius around the storm). Other storms have been
reported near Tucson, with funnel clouds, and while most do not touch the ground, if a funnel cloud were to touch
down and become a tornado, residents and businesse s would find themselves vulnerable for wind damage to their
homes and buildings and there would potentially be extreme damage to above -ground infrastructure like power
distribution systems.
Unincorporated Pima County: The County’s is vulnerability to monsoon-type storms. The Pima County Department
of Transportation is working to reduce the vulnerability of signs and signal poles to severe wind events such as
microbursts. High winds and monsoonal outflows can also damage power lines leading to outages causi ng loss of
cooling for thousands of residents.
Loss Estimations
Severe wind events are unpredictable, and the exposure area includes the entire county. A thunderstorm microburst
wind may knock down miles of power poles and lines and cause economic losses due to the power outages. The
economic impact from a large-scale dust storm that closes down the highways can affect the local and regional
economy and is difficult to quantify. A whitepaper by the Making Action Possible at the University of Arizona,
attempts to compare the economic impacts of severe weather events.16 For severe winds, this is complicated due to
14 As per the National Weather Service, the monsoon season starts to develop in the “U.S. Southwest in July” and ends “by early - to mid-
September”.
15 National Weather Service. Monsoon Safety Page. https://www.weather.gov/psr/MonsoonSafety.
16 Making Action Possible (MAP). (February 2, 2017). The Economic Impacts of Extreme Weather: Tucson and Southern Arizona's Current
Risks and Future Opportunities | MAP AZ Dashboard
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 114
the reporting as thunderstorms in the NCEI datasets. Based on the historic record over the last eight years, it is feasible
to expect a range of annual losses from approximately $160,000 to over $1,200,000 countywide. It is difficult to
estimate losses for individual jurisdictions within the county due to the lack of discrete data.4
Changes in Development in the Hazard Area
There have been no major changes since the last plan update regarding development impacted by severe wind within
most of the planning area. Future development will expand the exposure of life and property to the damaging
effects of severe wind events.
Town of Marana: The Town of Marana is one of the fastest growing communities in Arizona. The rapid residential
and business growth of the Town has resulted in more structures vulnerable to loss from severe wind. Building
regulation requires that all new structures adhere to current building code to include roof and structural tie-downs.
Unincorporated Pima County: As severe wind events are relatively unpredictable and imprecise by nature, any further
development in the Pima County may lead to more exposures. New traffic signaling meets the latest standards from
the United States Department of Transportation’s (USDOT’s) Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD)
and should be less vulnerable to severe wind by its design. Continued enforcement and implementation of modern
building codes to regulate new developments in conjunction with public education on how to respond to severe wind
conditions are arguably the best way to mitigate against losses.
REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 115
4.4.8 Wildfire
Description
A wildfire is an unplanned fire that burns in a natural area such as a forest, grassland, or prairie .17 Wildfires are often
caused by human activity or a natural phenomenon such as lightning, and they can happen at any time or anywher e.
Examples of human activity resulting in wildfire may include acts such as arson, campfires, or the improper burning
of debris. They often begin unnoticed, spread quickly, and are usually signaled by dense smoke that may fill the area
for miles around while also exposing and possibly consuming structures. Wildfires can be categorized into four types:
• Wildland fires occur mainly in areas under federal control, such as national forests and parks, and are fueled
primarily by natural vegetation. Generally, development in these areas is nonexistent, except for roads,
railroads, power lines, and similar features.
• Interface or intermix fires occur in areas where both vegetation and structures provide fuel. These are also
referred to as wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires. The WUI is commonly described as the zone where
structures and other features of human development meet and intermingle with undeveloped wildland or
vegetative fuels.18
• Firestorms occur during extreme weather (e.g., high temperatures, low humidity, and high winds) with such
intensity that fire suppression is virtually impossible. These events typically burn until the conditions change,
or the fuel is exhausted.
• Prescribed fires and prescribed natural fires are intentionally set or natural fires that can burn for beneficial
purposes.
The following three factors contribute significantly to wildfire behavior and, as detailed more fully later, they can be
used to identify wildfire hazard areas:
• Topography: As slope increases, the rate of wildfire spread increases. South-facing slopes are also subject to
greater solar radiation, making them drier and thereby intensifying wildfire behavior. However, ridgetops
may mark the end of wildfire spread, since fire spreads more slowly or may even be unable to spread
downhill.
• Fuel: Wildfires spread based on the type and quantity of available flammable material, referred to as the fuel
load. The basic characteristics of fuel include size and shape, arrangement, and moisture content. Each fuel
is assigned a burn index (the estimated amount of potential energy released during a fire), an estimate of the
effort required to contain a wildfire, and an expected flame length.
• Weather: The most variable factor affecting wildfire behavior is the weather. Important weather variables
are temperature, humidity, wind, and lightning. Weather events ranging in scale from localized thunderstorms
to large fronts can have major effects on wildfire occurrence and behavior. Extreme weather, such as high
temperatures and low humidity, can lead to extreme wildfire activity. By contrast, cooling and higher
humidity often signal reduced wildfire occurrence and easier containment. The wind has probably the largest
impact on a wildfire’s behavior and is the most unpredictable. Winds supply the fire with additio nal oxygen,
further dry potential fuel, and push fire across the land at a quicker pace.
The frequency and severity of wildfires are also impacted by other hazards, such as lightning, drought, and infestations
(e.g., Pine Bark Beetle). In Arizona, these hazards combined with the three other wildfire contributors noted above
(topography, fuel, weather) present an ongoing and significant hazard across much of Arizona.
If not promptly controlled, wildfires may grow into an emergency or disaster. Even small fires can threaten lives,
resources, and destroy improved properties. It is also important to note that in addition to affecting people, wildfires
may severely affect livestock and pets. Such events may require emergency feeding, shelter, evacuation, and incr eased
event-caused deaths and burying of animals.
The indirect effects of wildfires can also be catastrophic. In addition to stripping the land of vegetation and destroying
forest resources and personal property, large, intense fires can harm the soil, waterways, and the land itself. Soil
17 Wildfire-World Health Organization: www.who.int
18 Pima County Community Wildfire Protection Plan, 2013: http://webcms.pima.gov/cms/One.aspx?pageId=45265
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 116
exposed to intense heat may temporarily lose its capability to absorb moisture and support life. Exposed soils in
denuded watersheds erode quickly and are easily transported to rivers and streams thereby enhancing flood po tential,
harming aquatic life, and degrading water quality. Lands stripped of vegetation are also subject to increased landslide
hazards.
History
Wildfires have a prominent history in Pima County. Pima County has been included in 17 state and federal wildf ire
disaster declarations. Since 2017, the Coronado National Forest recorded over 130 wildfires reported in Pima County
burning in excess of 172,000 acres and costing over $44.5 million dollars in fire suppression costs. 19 This data is not
all inclusive nor a complete representation of all wildfires within Pima County due to multiple agencies having
jurisdiction. For example, the Bureau of Land Management and Arizona Forestry and Fire Management maintain
separate methodologies and platforms for archiving fire data. Accordingly, the following list of incidents provides a
representative sample of moderate and major wildfire events that have impacted the County:
• May of 2002, the Bullock Fire started in Bullock Canyon in the Catalina Mountains on the Coronado National
Forest. The fire started on May 21st and continued through June 10th. It was suspected to be human-induced.
The fire burned 30,563 acres along with two cabins and several outbuildings. The residents of Summerhaven
were evacuated on May 25th and Catalina Highway closed on May 22nd. The fire also threatened Mt. Bigelow
which had several telecommunication towers and two telescopes; however, firefighters were able to contain
the fire half of a mile away. The entire firefighting cost was estimated to be $11.5 million.20
• June of 2003, the Aspen Fire was started by human causes on June 17, 2003, and burned for about a month on
Mount Lemmon, which is part of the Santa Catalina Mountains located in the Coronado National Forest north
of Tucson. The fire burned 84,750 acres and destroyed 333 homes and businesses in the community of
Summerhaven. Electric lines, phone lines, water facilities, streets, and sewers were also damaged. Total
property damages were estimated to exceed $66 million. Firefight costs were estimated to exceed $17 million,
and the Forest Service spent an estimated $2.7 million dollars to prevent soil loss. The losses in terms of timber
for future lumber are estimated at $33 million. In 2002, the year before the fire started, Congress had been
requested to allocate about $2,000,000 to cover the implementation of fire mitigation measures in the
Coronado National Forest. However, that allocation was reduced to about $150,000 in the Congressional
budget process. A presidential disaster declaration (FEMA-1477-DR) was made on July 14, 2003.21
• June of 2009, the Elk Horn Fire was started by human causes in an area 26 miles southwest of Three Points,
Arizona. The fire started June 11th and was contained on June 22nd. The fire burned a total of 23,440 acres
with five injuries reportedly associated with the fire. Firefighting costs were estimated at over $1 million.
• June of 2011, the Empire Fire located 8 miles North of Sonoita burned 1,100 acres.
• April of 2017, the human-caused Sawmill Fire located on the Coronado National Forest near the Empire Ranch
and Arizona State Route 83, started 10 miles southeast of Green Valley near Box Canyon and quickly spread
east northeast burning 28% of the Las Cienegas National Conservation Area. The fire burned from April 23rd
to May 1st and consumed 46,991 acres. 400 people were evacuated and two Shelters were open including
large animal shelter. No structures were damaged, however two miles of guard rails and supporting posts
were destroyed including several power poles and road signs along State Route 83. The fire was managed by
a Type 2 Incident Management Team. No injuries or fatalities were reported. Fire suppression costs were
estimated at $8.6 million.
• May of 2017, the human-caused Mulberry Fire started on May 6th, eight miles southeast of Vail, east of State
Route 83 in the Empire Mountains. The wildfire destroyed four structures including two homes as it spread
rapidly northeast. A total of twenty rural residences were evacuated. The wildfire consumed 1,755 acres
before being contained on May 9th. Property damages were estimated at $200,000.
19 Data provide on spreadsheets constructed by the Coronado National Forest, Supervisor’s Office. Coronado National Forest Fire History
Occurrence 2017 - current (Pima County only) Excel file.
20 National Wildfire Coordination Group, 2016, Historical ICS 209 reports at: http://fam.nwcg.gov/fam-web/hist_209/report_list_209
21 Arizona Division of Emergency Management, 2013, State of Arizona Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan; National Wildfire Coordination Group,2010,
Historical ICS 209 reports at: http://fam.nwcg.gov/fam-web/hist_209/report_list_209
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 117
• June of 2017, the human-caused Burro Fire started in the foothills of the southeast side of the Santa Catalina
Mountains on June 30, then quickly spread both northwest and southeast during July 19. Summerhaven and
other residences on the mountain were evacuated for several days. Mt. Lemmon Highway and Redington Pass
Road were both closed to traffic. The number of acres burned totaled 27,238 but no structures were lost. T he
cost is estimated at $9 million.
• May 2020, the human-caused Wentworth Fire started as two brush fires both south and north of Sahuarita
Road and Wentworth Road merged. Corona de Tucson along with Corona de Tucson and Green Valley Fire
provided initial attack and turned over command to the Department of Forestry and Fire Management.
• June of 2020, the Bighorn Fire was started by a lightning strike in the Catalina Mountains northwest of Tucson
on the Coronado National Forest. The Big Horn Fire burned into the Pusch Ridge Wilderness in the Santa
Catalina Mountains. The fire burned from June 5th to July 23rd and consumed 119,987 acres. The fire spread
rapidly over the subsequent days and weeks, driven by multiple days of strong winds. The Town of Oro Valley,
residents of Summerhaven, nearby mountain communities, those on the periphery of the mountains from the
Catalina Foothills to southern Pinal County and near Redington Road were evacuated at times.
The US Forest Service enacted the Burned Area Emergency Response (BAER) program to address the threat
to life and property due to the large burn scar which encompassed upland watersheds. These watersheds drain
rainfall and runoff into and through the urban area of Pima County. Segments of the population were n ow at
greater risk of flooding, sediment, and debris runoff. The fire complexity escalated to the management of a
Type 1 Incident Management Team, and at its peak, approximately 1,200 personnel fought the fire. No
structures were destroyed. Estimated costs as reported by the National Interagency Coordination Center to
fight the fire were $44.5 million.
The Tortolita fire was started by a lightning strike after a thunderstorm rolled over the Tortolita Mountains,
north of Oro Valley. The fire burned from June 11th to June 24th and consumed a total of 3,140 acres.
• July of 2020, the Fresnal Fire located on the Tohono O’odham Nation burned in an inaccessible area. The fire
was monitored until it burned itself out. The Navarro Fire started July 11 th, after a lightning storm moved
across the area, approximately 14 miles west of Sahuarita and 10 miles northwest of Green Valley, in the
Sierrita Mountains. The fire burned 2,306 acres and was contained on July 14th.
• August of 2020, there were multiple wildfires. The Spud Rock Fire and the Mica Bowl Fire were reported
following a thunderstorm that passed through the Rincon Mountains on August 13th. The fires burned in
remote and high elevation areas. The Spud Rock Fire burned 760 acres while fire activity for the Mica Bowl
Fire was minimal. The Dove Fire started on August 27th in the Tortolita Mountains due to a lightning strike.
The fire was contained on August 30 and burned 942 acres.
• October 6, 2020, the human-caused Encinos Fire started 11 miles northwest of Arivaca along the eastern slopes
of the Baboquivari Mountains in southeast Pima County. The fire spread to over 10,000 acres by October 10th
driven by strong winds, hot temperatures, and very dry fuel conditions. The fire consumed a total of 14,905
acres before becoming fully contained on October 26th. Fire suppression costs tallied $438,000.
• February of 2021, the West Fire burned west of the Elephant Head community with no evacuations or reported
damage. The cause of the fire remains undetermined.
• March of 2021, the Cowboy Fire burned West of Freeport-McMoRan mine with no evacuations or reported
damage. The cause of fire remains undetermined.
• May of 2021, the human-caused Sycamore Canyon Fire burned just north of the Baboquivari Peak on the
Tohono O’odham Nation. The fire lasted from May 23rd to June 6th in southeast Pima County. The fire
spread to approximately 1,858 acres onto the Bureau of Land Management, threatening fish and wildlife. The
fire was managed by a Type 2 Incident Management Team. The cause of the fire remains undetermined.
• June of 2021, the human-caused Heavy Fire started June 16th in Santa Rita Mountains just north of the
Rosemont Copper Mine. The fire spread to approximately 104 acres onto the Coronado National Forest, with
no reported damage to structure. Nearby staff were evacuated temporarily. The fire lasted from June 16th
through June 22nd. There were no evacuations nor reported damage.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 118
Extent
The scale and complexity of any wildfire will determine the extent of the hazard. The extreme variability of
precipitation across the southwest, combined with the trend of increasing temperatures, has led to extremely dry
conditions within the forest and grasslands of Pima County. These dryer conditions will continue to increase the length
and severity of wildfires. As the wildland/urban interface grows, the potential for catastrophic wildfire will increase
as well. The increased wildfire damage will continue to devastate Pima County.
Probability of Future Events
In 2020, the National Interagency Fire Center ranked Arizona as number 3 in the top 10 states at risk for wildfires.22
The probability and magnitude of wildfire incidents for Pima County are influenced by numerous factors including
vegetation densities, previous burn history, hydrologic conditions, climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity,
and wind, ignition source (human or natural), topographic aspect and slope, and remoteness of the area. It is the most
threatening of the hazards within the County. Based on the historic data, wildfires will occur with near certainty on an
annual basis. While the number of deaths, amount of property and other losses, and the acreage burned, are difficult
to predict, the likelihood of substantial economic cost is extremely high.
The wildfire risk for Pima County was mapped based on the data revised for the 2013 Pima County Community
Wildfire Protection Plan (PCCWPP).23 Pima County and participating jurisdictions and organizations developed the
PCCWPP to help local governments, fire departments, and districts, and residents identify at -risk public and private
lands to protect those lands from a severe wildfire threat. Although the PCCWPP has not been recently updated, the
base hazard data developed in the 2013 PCCWPP remains unchanged.
The PCCWPP identified two models of wildland fuel hazards to represent a typical year of rainfall and an
extraordinarily heavy rainfall year to present a range of wildland fuel hazards across the county. Each model divided
the fuel hazard into three categories, high, medium, and low, and accounted for previous burn areas and the major
buffelgrass concerns.
Climate variability may have a positive or negative effect on wildfire risk in the future. Wildfire risk is intertwined
with the risk of drought in Pima County as well. Figure 4-18 shows the Wildfire hazard potential for Pima County.
Vulnerability
Table 4-25: CPRI Results for Wildfire
Participating Jurisdiction Probability
Magnitude/
Severity
Warning
Time Duration
CPRI
Score
Marana Possible Critical < 6 hours > 1 week 2.80
Oro Valley Likely Critical < 6 hours > 1 week 3.25
Pascua Yaqui Tribe Likely Limited < 6 hours < 24 hours 2.75
Sahuarita Possible Limited < 6 hours < 24 hours 2.20
Tucson Possible Limited < 6 hours < 24 hours 2.30
Unincorporated Pima County Highly Likely Critical < 6 hours > 1 week 3.70
County-wide average CPRI = 2.83
Jurisdictions in bold chose to mitigate against the hazard
Town of Oro Valley: The Town of Oro Valley is susceptible to wildfires due to close proximity to the Santa Catalina
Mountains to the east side of Oracle Road (SR77), Catalina State Park, and Tortolita Mountains. The difficult
mountain terrain and higher elevation can make fi ghting fires in these areas much more challenging. As highlighted
by the 2020 Bighorn Fire, the fire burned down the mountain and threatened hundreds of homes and businesses within
Oro Valley. Current trends indicate a likely future of less precipitation, lengthy droughts, more days of extreme heat,
and any high wind days will likely fuel more wildfires due to drier vegetation. Major fires also heighten the
community’s vulnerability to post-fire floods in burn scar areas for years afterward. Small, localized brush fires are
fairly common throughout the year, due to vegetation overgrowth in washes, buffelgrass, and other available fuels. In
22 Insurance Information Institute Facts + Statistics https://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/facts-statistics-wildfires
23 Pima County Community Wildfire Protection Plan 2013, http://webcms.pima.gov/cms/One.aspx?pageId=45265
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 119
the urban/city environment setting, these are small and quickly extinguishable, limiting potential risk to people and
structures. Wildfires also cause concern to Oro Valley residents on a macro level due to air quality concerns, proximity
to the mountains, and the potential of high visibility fire resources and staging areas for fire crews.
Pascua Yaqui Tribe: The Tribe’s vulnerability to wildland fire is mainly through the wildland fire urban interface.
Tribal residences and businesses are situated within areas of natural desert vegetation. In general, brushfires are
smaller than three acres. The Tribe is a signee on the PCCWPP and has mutual aid agreements with fire departments
in the immediate area and maintains a cooperative agreement with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in addition to
having access to the Tribal Nations Response Team (TNRT).
Unincorporated Pima County: The County is vulnerable to WUI fires in addition to fires on Federal or state
landholdings due to high populations living in unincorporated areas in or near the Coronado National Forest, Saguaro
National Parks East, and West, and other open spaces where fuels are moderate to high. The PCCWPP highlights the
high population of at-risk communities adjacent to public lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management, the
National Park Service, and the Coronado National Forest as well as state and county properties. The Arizona
Department of Forestry and Fire Management evaluates all Arizona communities to determine those areas that may
have the most potential to be affected by wildfire. In 2019, the communities of Summerhaven, Catalina, Catalina
Foothills, Arivaca Junction, and Oro Valley were the top 5 areas in Pima County ranked as “high-risk” per the Arizona
at Risk Communities Assessment System (data for communities on federal or tribal land was not available).24
Loss Estimations
The analysis in the PCCWPP includes all risk factors required by the Arizona State Forestry Department. The areas
of concern for wildland fuel hazards, risk of ignition and wildfire occurrence, local preparedness, and protection
capabilities, and loss of community values are evaluated to determine areas of highest wildland fire risk within Pima
County. The analysis area included all of Pima County, including tribal lands. The initial analysis depicted all areas
within the county at risk for unwanted wildland fire.25
Risk-influencing factors of developed land and other infrastructures within the area of highest flammability were given
the highest priority for protection. In areas where community values occur within or adjacent to areas of high risk due
to the fuel hazards of vegetation associations, a cumulative risk from catastrophic wildland fire was created.
According to FEMA’S National Risk Index, expected annual loss represents the average economic loss in dollars
resulting from natural hazards each year. It is calculated f or each hazard type and quantifies loss for relevant
consequence types: buildings, people, and agriculture. In Pima County, expected loss each year due to natural hazards
is relatively high when compared to the rest of the U.S with an expected annual loss of about $16M.26
There is a potential for large economic impacts from wildland fires due to business loss, population displacement, and
loss of habitat and recreational opportunities among other things. Wildfire suppression costs can be substantial. T he
recent Bighorn Fire in Pima County burned over 119,978 acres and costs were estimated at $4.7 million.27
Changes in Development in the Hazard Area
By its very definition, the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) represents the fringe of urban development as it intersects
with the natural environment. As previously discussed, wildfire risks are significant for a sizeable portion of the
county. Any future development will only increase the WUI areas and expand the potential exposure of structures to
wildfire hazards. In Pima County, developments tend to create a clear line of demarcation between the wildland fuels
and the built environment. The 2013, PCCWPP analyzed community development throughout the county and found
a mix of high-density, single-family, and multi-acre parcels. Development of isolated subdivisions or with more
dispersed structure development, such as one-to-three-acre parcels, are at the highest risk.28
As the County’s population continues to grow and more development occurs at the urban/wildland interface, the risk
to loss of life and property are likely to increase across the entire planning area.
24Arizona at Risk Communities https://dffm.az.gov/arizona -risk-communities
25 Pima County Community Wildfire Protection Plan. (2013). Pima County Office of Emergency Management.
http://webcms.pima.gov/cms/One.aspx?pageId=45265
26 Map | National Risk Index (fema.gov)
27 Sawmill Fire Executive Summary. (May 2, 2017). Southwest Area Incident Management Team#1. https://sites.google.com/site/swaimt1/
28 Pima County Community Wildfire Protection Plan. (2013). Pima County Office of Emergency Management.
http://webcms.pima.gov/cms/One.aspx?pageId=45265
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 120
Town of Oro Valley: Within the Town of Oro Valley, there has been an increase in commercial and residential
development along the east side of Oracle Road (SR77) corridor, increasing the risk of wildfire due to the proximity
to the Santa Catalina Mountains. This vulnerability was highlighted during the 2020 Bighorn Fire when certain
neighborhoods impacted were being prepared for potential evacuation.
Vulnerability of homes and businesses increases as the distance of the property to wildfire -prone areas decreases;
however, all residential or commercial construction projects in development within the Pascua Yaqui Tribe are
required to follow Wildland Urban Interface standards. At minimum defensible firebreak lines are required; for areas
with moderate fuel types, requires a 30’defensible space; for areas with high fuel types, requires a 50’ defensible
space; for areas with extreme fuel types, requires a 100’ defensible space.
These firebreaks can be temporary or permanent and consist of fire-resistant vegetation, nonflammable materials, or
bare ground. Firebreaks are to be located on the contour where practical to minimize the risk of soil erosion. Firebreak
construction must comply with applicable local, tribal, state, and federal laws and regulations, including the state’s
Forest Practices Guidelines. Newly built infrastructure/built structures:
• An Assisted Living Center was created after the renovation was complete on the old Fire Department Station
in New Pascua reservation proper.
• A Men’s Path and Women’s Path facilities were constructed, off Camino de Oeste, north of Jeffrey Road.
• A Boys and Girls Club is currently being constructed, south of the PYT - Wellness Center.
• In 2021, construction of a Food Pantry facility began, this facility will provide sustained community services
for families/individuals in need of resources.
• Six 5-plex/Housing on Calle Torim, west of Ignacio Baumea.
• Construction of the Pascua Yaqui Health and Social Services Family Center was completed in 2021.
City of Tucson: The City of Tucson does have a limited susceptibility of damage and loss which could increase in the
coming years with continued infrastructure expansion into the wildland-urban interface. The City of Tucson has
identified urban interface hazard areas to the northeast, southeast, and west due to increased vegetation/fuel loads as
well as existing and new infrastructure that has increased the r isk and vulnerability profile. Due to the widespread
propagation of non-native species, like buffelgrass, the Sonoran Desert has an unusually high fine dead fuel load that
has never existed before.
In a response to the increased risk profile, the Tucson Fire Department has established a wildland firefighting program
and purchased one Type 3 and two Type 6 apparatus as well as a team of personnel with specialized wildland
firefighting training.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION IV: RISK ASSESSMENT 121
Source: USDA Forest Service Research Data Archive, 2020
Figure 4-18: Wildfire Hazard Potential Pima County
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 122
SECTION 5: MITIGATION STRATEGY
5.1 Hazard Mitigation Goal and Objectives
The three primary components of the mitigation strategy are:
Goals and Objectives
Capability Assessment
Mitigation Actions/Projects and Implementation Strategy
A reassessment of the goals and objectives was made with the planning team at the suggestion of the Arizona State
Mitigation Planner. The Team considered the following before revising the goals for 2022:
1. Do the goals and objectives identified in the 2017 Plan reflect the updated risk assessment?
2. Did the goals and objectives identified in the 2017 Plan lead to mitigation projects and changes to policy that
helped the jurisdiction(s) to reduce vulnerability?
3. Do the goals and objectives identified in the 2017 Plan support any changes in mitigation priorities?
4. Are the goals and objectives identified in the 2017 Plan reflective of current State goals?
Upon review of the 2017 goals and objectives, the planning team had no recommendations for modifications therefore
the goals and objectives remain unchanged.
Goal
Reduce or eliminate the risk to people and property from natural hazards.
Objectives
• Reduce or eliminate risks that threaten life, critical facilities, and infrastructure.
• Promote hazard mitigation activities by increasing public awareness and education of hazards and risks.
• Integrate mitigation into planning efforts, capital improvement, grants and funding, multijurisdictional
collaboration efforts, and training and exercising.
5.2 Capability Assessment
An important component of the Mitigation Strategy is a review of each participating jurisdictions’ resources in order
to identify, evaluate, and enhance the capacity of local resources to mitigate the effects of hazards. The capability
assessment is comprised of several components:
• Legal and Regulatory Review: A review of the legal and regulatory capabilities, including ordinances, codes,
plans, manuals, guidelines, and technical reports that address hazard mitigation activities.
• Technical Staff and Personnel: This assessment evaluated and describes the administrative and technical
capacity of the jurisdiction’s staff and personnel resources.
• Fiscal Capability: This element summarizes each jurisdiction’s fiscal capability to provide the financial
resources to implement the mitigation strategy.
• National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Participation- the NFIP contains specific regulatory measures that
enable government officials to determine where and how growth occurs relative to flood hazards.
Participation in the NFIP is voluntary for local governments, but the program is promoted by FEMA as a
basic first step for implementing and sustaining an effective flood hazard mitigation program and is a key
indicator for measuring local capability as part of this assessment.
The planning team reviewed the information provided in the 2017 Plan. The planning team chose to keep the format
of the tables summarizing the administrative, technical, and fiscal capabilities. Each jurisdiction listed their legal and
regulatory capabilities by summarizing and identifying the codes, ordinances, plans, and studies/reports used by the
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 123
jurisdiction, as well as identify the appropriate agency/department with responsibility for maintaining and updating
those documents. Each jurisdiction was asked to update its tables and pare down any unnecessary information.
Additionally, each jurisdiction will continually seek opportunities for involvement in other planning, policy
development, or ordinance development that could be beneficial to improving and implementing mitigation actions.
Section 6.3 contains specific jurisdictional actions in the sec tion discussing incorporation into future planning
activities.
5.3 Jurisdictional Capabilities
Tables 5-1 through 5-24 summarize the legal and regulatory mitigation capability for each of the participating
jurisdictions. The information provided includes a brief listing of current programs, polices, codes, mitigation relevant
ordinances, plans, policies, and studies/reports. The tables summarize the legal and regulatory capabilities, financial
resources, as well as staff and personnel resources for each jurisdiction.
Table 5-1: Pima County Programs & Policies
Regional Flood
Control Program
Purpose
The Regional Flood Control District strives to use forward-looking
floodplain management practices to minimize flood and erosion
damage for all county residents, property and infrastructure via the
initiatives of flood hazard mitigation, warning and response in
unincorporated Pima County and along major rivers within
incorporated areas.
Responsible Agency Pima County Regional Flood Control District
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Reduces property damage, fatalities and the need for evacuation.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Continue to improve identification and mitigation of flood risk
exposure, expand warning capability, provide all-weather access and
expand flood response coordination.
Pima County
Comprehensive Plan
Flood Control
Resource Area Policy
Purpose Floodplain Avoidance
Responsible Agency Development Services Department
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Requires floodplain avoidance
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Include a hazard element and clarify floodplain avoidance policy
Stormwater Program Purpose Beneficial Use of Stormwater
Responsible Agency Pima County Regional Flood Control District
Hazards Flood, Heat, and Drought
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Reduces neighborhood scale flooding, urban heat islands, and
landscaping water demand.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Work with partners to select, install and maintain neighborhood scale
Green Infrastructure.
Pima County RWRD
Continuity of
Operations Plan 2021 Purpose
Identifies lines of succession; provides for the maintenance or re -
establishment of the control and direction of continuity actions. The
plan provides implementation strategies for RWRD’s continuity
personnel to continue essential functions during any disruption for up
to 30 days.
Responsible Agency PCRWRD
Hazards All-Hazards
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
The COOP Plan is applicable to all-hazards threats, ensures
preparedness to provide critical services in an environment that is
threatened, diminished, or incapacitated, and establishes PCRWRD
COOP capability to respond to extended disruptions (loss of access;
loss of services due to workforce reduction, equipment or system
failure).
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 124
Table 5-1: Pima County Programs & Policies
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Incorporate lessons learned, checklists, etc.
Pima County
Emergency
Operations Plan Purpose
Provides a whole community overview of the County’s emergency
management structure and the responsibilities assigned to various
county departments, non-governmental agencies, and the private
sector, during emergency incidents and disasters.
Responsible Agency PCOEM and All County Departments
Hazards All-Hazards
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Outlines Pima County’s response to incidents to include the NIMS,
ICS and ESF structure to limit hazard impacts related to FEMA
Community Lifelines. County Department ESF incident response
protocols are designed to mitigate impacts to public health, property
and the environment.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Periodic review and updates is critical to enhance operational
coordination, reduce future losses, and assist with mitigating the
community’s exposure to the impacts of future hazard incidents.
Pima County
Community Wildfire
Protection Plan
(2013)
Purpose
Identifies at-risk public and private lands for protection from severe
wildfire threat, and establishes incentives for communities to develop
comprehensive wildfire protection plans (improving fire prevention
and suppression activities).
Responsible Agency Coordination led by PCOEM and supported by Local Fire
Departments and Districts
Hazards Wildfire
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Creation/Update and utilization of the CWPP is also an effective way
to outline fire preparedness and planning, helping communities
prioritize high-risk projects and to expedite overall project planning
and solicit acquire federal funding.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Identify funding to support comprehensive plan update.
Pima County
Integrated
Infrastructure Plan
2019-2029 Purpose
Unifies the infrastructure planning process across multiple disciplines
and departments planning areas. The Plan encapsulates guiding policy
directives adopted by the Board of Supervisors in Pima Prospers, the
County’s Comprehensive Plan; Resolution 2007-84 in Support of
County Sustainability Initiatives; and the Pima County Economic
Development Plan
Responsible Agency Led by Pima Capital Program Office and supported by Pima County
Departments
Hazards All-Hazards
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
The investment in physical infrastructure is a core function of county
government and essential for a healthy community. Infrastructure and
capital assets allow for the delivery of key public services and the
movement of people and goods across the County.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Consider this Integrated plan as a tool to allow Pima County to plan
ahead for short-term and long-term mitigation strategies in support of
the one year annual adopted capital budget.
Sustainable Action
Plan for County
Operations 2018-
2025 (SWIP)
Purpose
Decisive action to cut greenhouse gas emissions in operations and
implement climate adaptation strategies are put forward as part of the
County's efforts to build cross-sector resilience to current and future
climate variability.
Responsible Agency Led by Pima County Office of Sustainability and Conservation and
supported by Pima County Departments.
Hazards All
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 125
Table 5-1: Pima County Programs & Policies
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Implements climate adaptation measures in Pima County operations
to support climate change preparedness, mitigation and resiliency.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Identify future projects to support the plan outline of specific targets
and recommended mitigation strategies the County will pursue to
reduce current greenhouse gas emissions from operations to 26%-28%
below 2005 levels by 2025.
Sonoran Desert
Conservation Plan
(SDCP) Purpose
The Plan for balancing the conservation and protection of our cultural
and natural resource heritage with our efforts to maintain an
economically vigorous and fiscally responsible community. The
SDCP identified the types of development that improved the tax base,
and the relationship of these with the sewer service area. The CLS
covers approximately 2 million acres in eastern Pima County.
Responsible Agency
Office of Sustainability and Conservation and supported by Pima
County Departments including NRPR and RFCD who manage the
majority of CLS open space lands.
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Opportunity for Nature Based Solutions. Pima County
Comprehensive Land Use Plan, integrating the land-use policies and
principles of conservation developed in the SDCP, including
the Conservation Lands System or CLS. The CLS identifies lands
necessary to achieve SDCP biological goals, while delineating areas
suitable for development.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Identify Nature Bases Solution opportunities (e.g., grants) to
incorporate mitigation strategies that support the SDCP.
Pima County RWRD
2016 Wastewater
Facility Plan Purpose
To help project PCRWRD long-term capital expenditure needs. The
purpose of this document is to answers questions about future system
needs; to contrast future needs with forecasts from previous Facility
Plan Updates; and to examine likely future changes that have the
potential to affect system capacity and service operations.
Responsible Agency PCRWRD
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
PCRWRD’s goal is to minimize chemical and energy consumption in
operations; maximize use of renewable water and energy; and
maximize resource recovery from wastewater collection and
treatment processes to benefit the environment and the community.
Reclaimed water is a renewable, consistent source of water and is
prominent in water planning and drought mitigation.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Identify technological advances in the beneficial reuse of reclaimed
water and byproducts.
Pima County
Rangeland Standards
and Guidelines
Purpose Maintain healthy and sustainable rangelands, particularly the
grasslands on Pima County ranch fee and leased acres.
Responsible Agency Pima County Natural Resources Park & Recreation
Hazards Wildfire, Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
NRPR’s goal is to maintain healthy rangelands with sufficient
vegetative cover to support water infiltration and reduce flood flows.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Development of drought strategy for ranchlands; opportunities to
work with ranch partners to update Ranch Management Agreements
to incorporate responses to applicable hazards; eg. implementing fuel
breaks and other strategies in the WUI areas in coordination with
OEM and local Fire Departments
Pima County
Resource Purpose RMPs are developed to comply with the terms of the Pima County
Multi-Species Conservation Plan (MSCP) for lands that were or will
be allocated as mitigation for impacts of development that has been
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 126
Table 5-1: Pima County Programs & Policies
Management Plans
(RMPs)
permitted elsewhere under the terms of Pima County’s Endangered
Species Act Section 10 permit from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
The RMPs are intended to conserve and enhance ecological structure
and functions; maintain or improve proper functioning floodplains;
maintain or enhance wildlife habitat connectivity; provide for
recreational opportunities and public safety; and protect culturally
significant resources including visual resources. RMPs provide a local
framework to aid decision-making regarding fire suppression tactics
and fuel management treatments. The RMPs also address Safety and
Security for agency personnel and visitors including addressing any
hazardous materials, law enforcement, natural hazards, and visitor
safety information.
Responsible Agency NRPR, RFCD, OSC
Hazards All Hazards
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Outlines relevant mitigation actions at a local, watershed scale to
reduce hazards such as wildfire and flood and to educate public
regarding risks of recreating on/visiting natural resource parks and
open space properties of the CLS.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
RMPs identify Management Objectives, Desired Future Conditions,
Policies and Procedures, and Ongoing and New Management Actions;
which include those applicable to All Hazards encountered in the
Planning area. Actions will address, for example, control of invasive
species such as buffelgrass which would reduce fire danger in Sonoran
Desert Plant Communities, development of fuel breaks to manage
wildland fire ignitions, and notification to/education of the public
about wildfire, excessive heat, and flood hazards.
Pima County Health
Department All-
Hazards Public
Health Emergency
Response Plan
Purpose
Core plan of PCHD’s all-hazards response for managing public health
incidents and details the local coordinating structures and processes
used during incidents of public health significance that may impact
the public’s health.
Responsible Agency PCHD
Hazards All Hazards
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Outlines PCHD’s response to incidents utilizing NIMS and ICS
structure under ESF 8, Public Health and Medical Services. Response
protocols are designed to mitigate impacts on public health.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Timely reviews are essential to ensure key coordination elements and
response protocols are up-to-date and assist with mitigating the
community’s exposure to the impacts of future hazard incidents.
Table 5-2: Pima County Codes & Regulations
2018 International
Building Code as
Amended
Purpose Building Safety
Responsible Agency Development Services
Hazards All Hazards
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Establishes minimum building construction standards and
enforcement procedure. Adoption of building codes creates more
resilient infrastructure which is able to withstand significant impacts
to natural hazards.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Continue to advocate for current code adoptions as released which
benefit and apply to residents of Pima County.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 127
Table 5-2: Pima County Codes & Regulations
PCC Title 16:
Floodplain & Erosion
Hazard Management
Ordinance
Purpose
Minimize public and private losses due to flooding and erosion;
preserve and enhance the beneficial functions of floodplains; and to
enable its residents to participate in the National Flood Insurance
Program (NFIP), receive federal disaster assistance, obtain flood
insurance, and reduce the cost of flood insurance.
Responsible Agency Pima County Regional Flood Control District
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Establishes minimum construction and site design standards and
enforcement procedures for mitigation of flood and erosion hazards.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Establish additional standards that are higher than the National Flood
Insurance Program minimums. Identify additional flood prone areas.
PCC Title 18: Pima
County
Comprehensive Plan
Land Use
Classification and
Zoning
Purpose
Ensure land use compatibility with the beneficial functions of
floodplains and ensure development does not occur in flood prone
areas, or areas without access.
Responsible Agency Development Services Department
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Floodplain and riparian habitat avoidance and conservation offsets.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Update maps, clarify when avoidance is appropriate, and enforce
strictly.
PCC Title 7
Environmental
Quality Purpose
Identifies the incorporation of pertinent federal, state and local,
regulatory authorizations, requirements, mitigation, use, disposal,
permits and fees related to the solid, liquid and hazardous wastes,
water potability for the protection of public health and the
environment.
Responsible Agency Pima County Department of Environmental Quality
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Ensures standards are in place to protect public health and the
environment.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Consider review of emergency temporary response use, permissions,
and limits in an incident.
PCC Title 8
Health and Safety §§
8.16, 8.20;
PCC Title 13 Public
Services § 13.36
Purpose
Identifies the sewage disposal requirements and other related limits
for hotels, motels, tourist courts, mobile home parks and industrial
wastewater.
Responsible Agency PCDEQ, PCRWRD
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Ensures standards are in place to protect public health and the
environmental protections from contamination.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Consider review of emergency temporary response use, permissions,
and limits in an incident.
PCC Title 8
Drought Response
Plan And Water
Wasting § 8.70
Purpose To provide a drought response plan for the unincorporated areas of
Pima County.
Responsible Agency Office of Sustainability, Pima County Health Department
Hazards Drought
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Set triggers for drought declaration stages and mitigates response to
drought, and ensures that water resource allocations are put to
maximum beneficial use to protect public health, safety and welfare.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Review underserved and disadvantaged communities’ impact from
drought related hazards and provide water conservation assistance and
water supplies, if necessary. Review drought response measures and
revise according to drought severity and extent. Review emergency
responses in the event drought affects water supplies and provide
assistance.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 128
Table 5-2: Pima County Codes & Regulations
PCC Title 14
Renewable Energy
Incentive Districts Purpose
Pima County may create a renewable energy incentive district (REID)
with specific sites and an incentive plan designed to promote the
development of utility-scale solar energy systems on
environmentally-suitable lands within unincorporated Pima County.
Responsible Agency Pima County Development Services, PCDEQ, PCDOT, PCRFCD
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Incentives to mitigate climate change hazards impacts to the
environment and continuity of county operations in energy related
incident.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Incorporate incentives for Microgrids to include critical infrastructure
facilities to serve as emergency support energy areas in a long-term,
widespread power outage to mitigate the effect climate related
hazards.
PCC Title 15,
Buildings and
Construction Purpose
The Pima County building code adopts by reference the 2018
International Building Code as amended by the local amendments
incorporated into Ordinance 2018-30 as Exhibit A, together listed
national and international codes.
Responsible Agency Pima County Development Services
Hazards All-Hazards
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Current International Building Code requirements are required to be
eligible for competitive grant projects (e.g., BRIC Grant). Set the
standard for quality mitigation building requirements for potential
significant natural hazard exposure.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Ensure building code adopted are updated to meet grant eligibility
requirements.
RWRD Engineering
Design Standards
2022 and Standard
Specifications and
Details for
Construction
Purpose
To provide the minimum acceptable standards for the design,
modification or construction of Public
Sewage Conveyance facilities and Public Sewers in Pima County.
Responsible Agency RWRD
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Public Sewage Conveyance facilities and Public Sewer design,
modification and construction standards will serve to mitigate
potential of significant natural hazard exposure.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Monitor for continuous improvement and update as needed to
improve upon hazard mitigation activities.
PCDOT Subdivision
and Street
Development
Standards (2016)
Purpose Provide engineering standards for roadway design.
Responsible Agency PCDOT
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Minimize impacts of floods, ensure emergency access.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Review and update guidelines periodically to ensure compliance with
federal standards and best practices.
Guidelines for
Establishing Scour
and Freeboard for
Bridges (2012)
Purpose Provide guidance for bridge design.
Responsible Agency PCDOT
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Minimize impacts of floods.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Review and update guidelines periodically to ensure compliance with
federal standards and best practices.
Table 5-3: Pima County Financial Resources
Purpose Flood risk mitigation, warning and response.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 129
Table 5-3: Pima County Financial Resources
Pima County
Property Tax
Responsible Agency Pima County Regional Flood Control District
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Provides an annual budget for the Regional Flood Control Program to
support floodplain management practices to minimize flood and
erosion damages for all county residents, property and infrastructure.
Post Fire Hazard
Mitigation Grant
Program
Purpose Post Fire Hazard Mitigation
Responsible Agency PCRFCD
Hazards Flood, Wildfire
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Provide property protection for post catastrophic wildfire flood
conditions.
Grant Funding or
other funding
opportunities (e.g.,
BRIC, HMGP,
Bipartisan
Infrastructure Act,
Other).
Purpose
Hazard mitigation grant funding opportunities for the Critical
Infrastructure and Community Resiliency from All-Hazards (natural
and/or human-caused, as applicable).
Responsible Agency Pima County Grants Management Innovation in coordination with
Pima County Departments and Federal or State Funding Authority.
Hazards All Hazards
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Grants and other funding sources are essential to provide
opportunities to mitigate the effects of all-hazards in projects that
might otherwise be delayed due to lack of financial resources.
Arizona State
Revolving Funds
Purpose
Provides financing for the design and construction of water and
wastewater infrastructure projects. Arizona Water Infrastructure
Finance Authority is authorized to finance the construction,
rehabilitation and/or improvement of drinking water, wastewater,
wastewater reclamation, and other water quality facilities/projects.
Responsible Agency State of Arizona,
Hazards All-hazards
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Funding allows critical Water Sector infrastructure to reduce the risk
of all-hazard cascading impacts through preparedness and hazard
mitigation activities.
Pima County Capital
Improvement
Funding
Purpose
Provides comprehensive instructions designed to assist County
departments' project management efforts, from project development
through to successful project delivery (Exit Gate Process).
Responsible Agency All Pima County Departments
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
All County departments are responsible for following the established
CIP and Exit Gate procedures to successfully manage, develop, and
deliver County CIP projects. Compliance with these County
requirements is essential for completion of any large scale CIP project
initiated as part of a hazard mitigation action or resiliency project.
Source/Name
BRACE grant
through
ADHS(Arizona
Department of Health
Services)
Purpose BRACE (Building Resilience Against Climate Effects) helps to build
public health resilience against heat-related hazards.
Responsible Agency PCHD, NRPR, Pima County Library
Hazards Extreme Heat
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Interventions developed from BRACE partnership will help the
community better prepare for heat-associated hazards.
Source/Name
PHEP (Public Health
Emergency
Preparedness) grant
Purpose
Provides funding identify vulnerable populations for heat related
illness, provide education targeted toward recreational activities,
visitors/travelers, hospitality industry, unhoused populations, and
build cooling center capacity.
Responsible Agency PCHD, PCOEM, Pima County Office of Sustainability
Hazards Extreme Heat
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 130
Table 5-3: Pima County Financial Resources
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Education, outreach, and interventions will help mitigate heat-related
effects to vulnerable populations.
Source/Name
CDC Crisis
Cooperative
Agreement Grant
Purpose
PHEP domains include Strengthen Community Resilience and
Strengthen Incident Management for Early Crisis Response. Both
domains outline activities to identify and engage community partners
and stakeholders in public-health risk mitigation efforts.
Responsible Agency PCHD
Hazards Extreme Heat
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Community partner and stakeholder engagement regarding risk
mitigation efforts will help create effective measures to reduce both
risk and disproportionate impacts to benefit the whole community.
FEMA Purpose Provides emergency funding for road repair.
Responsible Agency PCDOT
Hazards Flood, Landslides, Wildfire
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Funds road repair and reconstruction post incident to assist in reducing
risk and the potential impact of future disasters.
Highway User
Revenue Funds
(HURF)
Purpose Funds road construction and maintenance
Responsible Agency PCDOT
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Minimizes hazard risk through appropriate design and construction.
Regional
Transportation
Authority
Purpose Funds road construction and maintenance
Responsible Agency PCDOT
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Minimizes hazard risk through appropriate design and construction.
Roadway
Development Impact
Fees
Purpose Funds new road construction, not maintenance
Responsible Agency PCDOT
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Minimizes hazard risk through appropriate design and construction.
Table 5-4: Pima County Staff/Personnel Resources
Department/Agency
Involvement
Planners Provide flood risk assessment, property protection guidance and project management
capability.
Planners/Resource
Specialists/Program
Managers (PCNRPR, RFCD,
OSC)
Develop Resource Management Plans for local watershed areas to mitigate development
impacts, conserve natural and cultural resources, manage public recreation and enhance
safety by incorporating mitigation efforts from this Plan and others.
Geographic Information
System Analysts
Knowledge and expertise on available technology, data, and GIS systems that can support
hazard mitigation efforts.
Engineers The Engineering Division delineates existing flood and erosion hazards to assist the
Floodplain Management Division and undertakes activities intended to reduce flooding and
erosion by designing and constructing improvements that will safely convey floodwaters and
protect channel banks from erosion.
Hydrologists Plan and collect surface water or groundwater and monitor data to support projects and
programs that support hazard mitigation efforts directly or indirectly.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 131
Table 5-4: Pima County Staff/Personnel Resources
Department/Agency
Involvement
Communications Specialists
and Public Information
Officers
Provide community messaging and outreach through various media platforms and other
activities that support hazard mitigation efforts.
RWRD Technical Services /
Planning and Engineering
Personnel
Wastewater treatment and conveyance systems design, capacity and hydraulic modeling,
flow monitoring and other activities that support hazard mitigation efforts. Work with
regulatory organizations to ensure all facilities and protocols meet strict environmental
guidelines
PCRWRD Compliance and
Data Acquisition Personnel:
CRAO Laboratory,
Hydrologist, Industrial
Wastewater Control,
Analysis of water, wastewater, air and biosolids samples; Manage APP/AZPDES permits;
Systems and asset mapping; Wastewater pretreatment program and industrial sampling to
support projects and programs that support hazard mitigation efforts.
RWRD Capital Project staff
assigned to mitigation
improvements projects to
include RWRD Subject
Matter Experts (e.g.
industrial electricians).
Mitigate hazard impact to sanitary sewage conveyance systems, pump stations, and treatment
facilities and systems.
Public Works Planning, permitting, engineering, inspections, and development services positions that
know general plans, building and zoning codes, land use, land development, land
management practices, construction practices, and other professional positions that know
stormwater and floodplain management practices and other activities that support hazard
mitigation efforts.
Information Technology Use of technology, asset management systems, and other applications support and manage
mitigation efforts.
Planning and Zoning
Commission
Holds public meetings and makes recommendations to the Board of Supervisors on matters
relating to zoning code amendments, rezoning, and other land use requests.
Emergency Management Primary coordination role of hazard mitigation efforts across all county departments. Update
the Hazard Mitigation Plan, Capability Assessment and Mitigation Strategies forms.
Grants Management &
Innovation/Grant Writing
Grant support for the development, budget/finance and research/analysis of grant
applications. Develops grant submissions to obtain funding for hazard mitigation efforts.
Program Managers and
Coordinators
Engage with internal and external stakeholders to develop programs, education, and outreach
to help mitigate hazards.
PCHD/Epidemiologists Gather information and analyze data to inform heat-related mitigation efforts, including
building cooling center capacity as well as other activities that support hazard mitigation
efforts.
Table 5-5: Town of Marana Programs & Policies
Marana General Plan/
Policy RS 10-1
through 10-5
Purpose Proactively address wildfire hazards in the wildland-urban interface.
Responsible Agency Town of Marana
Hazards Wildfire
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Identify critical areas and manage areas to prevent wildfire.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Identify a point of contact for this effort to ensure that someone is
identifying the areas that the critical areas and/or working with the
Northwest Fire District to identify these areas.
Purpose Identification and removal of invasive species including Buffelgrass.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 132
Table 5-5: Town of Marana Programs & Policies
Marana General Plan/
Policy RS 11-5
Responsible Agency Town of Marana
Hazards Wildfire
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Minimize fire prone areas with removal of invasive species.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Mapping of invasive species areas.
Marana General Plan/
Policy RS 3-3 Purpose
Encourage low-impact development standards along the Santa Cruz
River Corridor that include habitat protection, flood control, and
recreation.
Responsible Agency Town of Marana
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Minimize channelization of the Santa Cruz River increasing the
flooding risk.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Identify a point of contact for this effort to ensure that someone is
working on low-impact development standards for flood control,
recreation, and habitat protection. This effort needs a point of contact
to progress this effort.
Marana General Plan/
Policy RS 7 Purpose New developments are constructed in a manner that minimizes
flooding.
Responsible Agency Town of Marana
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
New developments are removed from floodplains as well as
minimizing the effects on adjacent properties.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Seek grant funding for regional drainage facilities. Drainage facilities
will remove more property from the FEMA floodplains.
Marana General Plan/
Policy RS 8 Purpose Stormwater is efficiently and sustainable managed in a way that
reduces flood risks and respects water quality.
Responsible Agency Town of Marana
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Preserve the areas to convey water and preserve as open space to
minimize flooding.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Identify in a plan the areas of open space. If areas of open space are
identified then the Town can work to preserve those. There is not
currently any lands identified for preservation. Open spaces minimize
flooding by having permeable areas where water can flow.
Table 5-6: Town of Marana Codes & Regulations
Floodplain
Management
Ordinance
Purpose
To promote and protect the health, peace, safety, comfort,
convenience, and general welfare of the residents within the
jurisdictional area of Marana, Arizona; to minimize public and private
losses due to flooding; and to enable its residents to participate in the
National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), receive federal disaster
assistance, obtain flood insurance, and reduce the cost of flood
insurance.
Responsible Agency Town of Marana
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Medium, this code was recently updated based on comments from
ADWR. It has assisted in regulating building within flood prone areas.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Was recently updated so the Town feels it is effective. This will be
updated as necessary.
Town Code/ Title 17
Land Development Purpose Promote the health, safety, order, and general welfare of the present
and future inhabitants of the Town.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 133
Table 5-6: Town of Marana Codes & Regulations
Responsible Agency Town of Marana
Hazards Flood and Fire
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Secure safety from fires, floods, traffic hazards, and other dangers.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Update as necessary to stay current with issues.
Table 5-7: Town of Marana Financial Resources
Development
Agreements
Purpose Provide infrastructure extensions serving new developments.
Responsible Agency Town of Marana/ Developers
Hazards Flooding and Erosion
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Minimize flooding with regional approaches and adequate
infrastructure.
CIP/ General Fund/
Parks/ and Roads
Purpose Provide funding for capital projects.
Responsible Agency Town of Marana/ Public Works
Hazards Flood and Erosion
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Construct large capital projects that address flood control and build
necessary infrastructure.
Pima County
Regional Flood
Control CIP
Purpose Fund Flood control projects.
Responsible Agency Pima County Regional Flood Control/ Town of Marana
Hazards Flooding
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Identify areas of flooding and minimize impacts with infrastructure
projects.
Table 5-8: Town of Marana Staff/Personnel Resources
Department/Agency
Involvement
Town of Marana Planning
Commission
The Town of Marana Planning Commission is responsible for developing the Town’s zoning
ordinance, land use plan, Master Plan, and subdivision regulations.
Town of Marana Council Act as Floodplain Board for floodplain decisions.
Town Engineer Point of Contact to initiate flooding emergency. Reviews plans for flooding mitigation,
Develops project recommendations to mitigate flooding.
GIS Responsible for mapping hazards and mitigation stratifies.
Grants/ Finance Responsible for identifying funding and applying for opportunities.
Risk Management Staff Hazard Mitigation Planning.
Parks and Recreation Wildland management for weeks and invasive.
CIP Project design and construction of infrastructure to minimize flooding.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 134
Table 5-9: Town of Oro Valley Programs & Policies
Your Voice, Our
Future General Plan
(2016)
Purpose
The general plan is a community’s “blueprint” for land use and
development; it serves as the basis for decisions regarding a
community’s long-term development.
Responsible Agency Town of Oro Valley
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Medium. The general plan is another tool that can be used to help plan
land use and development that can include considerations for hazards
and potential methods to mitigate them.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
There is opportunity to expand the use the general plan goals, policies,
and action items in the hazard mitigation planning process.
Parks and Recreation
Master Plan Purpose
The master plan sets a direction and meets program challenges relating
to parks and recreation needs, services, concepts, next steps, and
framework for the future.
Responsible Agency Town of Oro Valley Parks and Recreation
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Low. Parks and Recreation is at a time of considering future growth in
programs, services, facilities, and capital improvement projects with
the goal to integrate environmental design, safety, community needs
with emerging trends in parks and recreation.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
As Parks and Recreation implements their master plan, opportunities
may be identified for open and natural spaces, parks/walking trails,
drainage, vegetation, and infrastructure improvements.
Stormwater
Management Plan
Purpose To ensure that water quality standards are being met.
Responsible Agency Stormwater Utility
Hazards Drought and Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Medium. The plan promotes the reuse of groundwater resources
through managing pollutants in stormwater runoff.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Annual review of plan for opportunities for improvement.
Water Conservation
Programs Purpose To provide the community with resources about water conservation
efforts.
Responsible Agency Water Utility
Hazards Drought and Extreme Heat
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Medium. The program promotes water conservation through
education, outreach, and the use of technology to reduce water waste.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Expand use of technology as a tool to provide utility customers real -
time data, trends, notifications (alerts) so they can better understand
and manage their water usage.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 135
Table 5-10: Town of Oro Valley Codes & Regulations
Oro Valley Town
Code
• Chapter 6 -
Building
• Chapter 7- Streets,
Highways, Public
Ways-
Subdivisions
• Chapter 17-
Floodplain and
Erosion Hazard
Management
Purpose
To promote the health, peace, safety, comfort, convenience, and
general welfare of the residents within the jurisdictional area of the
Town of Oro Valley.
Responsible Agency Town of Oro Valley
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Medium. The Town regularly updates codes to reflect changes in
revised international building codes, development, best practices, and
trends.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Continue to update codes as needed to provide the town with modern
and needed regulatory tools to mitigate exposure to the impacts of
future hazards.
Oro Valley Town
Code
• Chapter 15 Water
Code
Purpose
To promote the health, safety, order, and general welfare of the present
and future inhabitants and those served outside of Town boundaries by
the Water Utility.
Responsible Agency Water Utility
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Medium. Provides the Water Utility the authority to define water
wasting, to enforce the water wasting policies, and establishes fines.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Implementation of customer education and awareness about the code,
possible fines, and benefits to reduce and mitigate water wasting.
Oro Valley Zoning
Code
• Chapter 27 –
General
Development
Standards
• Addendum C,
Approved Native
Plant List
• Addendum A,
Design Standards
• Addendum D,
Hydroseed List
• Addendum E,
Prohibited Plant
List
Purpose
To promote the health, peace, safety, comfort, convenience, and
general welfare of the residents within the jurisdictional area of the
Town of Oro Valley.
Responsible Agency Town of Oro Valley
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Medium. The Town regularly updates codes to reflect changes in
revised international building codes, development, best practices, and
trends.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Continue to update zoning codes as needed to provide the town with
modern and needed regulatory tools to mitigate exposure to the impacts
of future hazards.
Table 5-11: Town of Oro Valley Financial Resources
Development and
Impact Fees
Purpose
Development fees are one-time payments used to construct system
improvements needed to accommodate new development. The fee
represents future development’s proportionate share of infrastructure
costs and may be used for infrastructure improvements or debt service
related to infrastructure.
Responsible Agency Town of Oro Valley
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Low. The Town manages the infrastructure improvements plan and
development fees per the requirements, noting that improved
infrastructure may also have the additional benefit of reducing
impacts from hazards.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 136
Table 5-11: Town of Oro Valley Financial Resources
Town Capital
Improvement
Program (CIP)
Purpose
As part of the annual fiscal year budgeting and approval process, the
capital improvement program may be used to identify and prioritize
capital improvement projects.
Responsible Agency Town of Oro Valley
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Low. The Town identifies and completes capital improvement
projects (CIP) on an annual basis, noting that certain types of projects
may have added benefits of hazard mitigation.
Stormwater Utility
Fees
Purpose
ADEQ requires municipalities of less than 100,000 people to
implement programs and practices to meet various storm water quality
and quantity standards. The fee supports street sweeping, vegetation
control, culvert maintenance, minor repairs, and maintenance after
storms. It also includes inspections, development of regulations and
manuals, studies, and designs supporting mandated storm water
activities.
Responsible Agency Stormwater Utility
Hazards Flooding, Wildfire
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
High. The Stormwater Utility has an important role in the
management of the community’s flood risk to include identifying and
implementing ways to eliminate, reduce, or minimize flood risks.
Mitigation measures completed within stormwater systems also help
minimize vegetation and invasive species in certain areas which
support efforts to manage risk to wildfire.
Water Utility
Enterprise Fund Purpose
The Water Utility is a self-sustaining water enterprise fund, with
revenues supporting and utility activities. The enterprise fund is
separate than the general fund, so not supporting or receiving general
fund dollars.
Responsible Agency Water Utility
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Medium. The Water Utility has an important role in the management
of water resources to include identifying and implementing ways to
eliminate, reduce or minimize delivery interruptions. The Utility has
a diverse water resource portfolio, stores water for future use, has a
robust water production and distribution system, and has a perpetual
cycle of capital re-investments to ensure safe and reliable water
delivery system.
Partnerships/ Grant
Funding/Other Purpose
To develop and maintain partnerships with other governmental,
private, or nongovernmental organizations provide potential
opportunities for projects and/or grant funding.
Responsible Agency Town of Oro Valley
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Medium. Partnerships and pursuing grant opportunities as applicable,
help support larger projects that may for example involve flood
mitigation, roadway and drainage system improvements, water
conservation, vegetation management, and other projects that can
support mitigation efforts.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 137
Table 5-12: Town of Oro Valley Staff/Personnel Resources
Department/Agency
Involvement
Emergency
Management Primary coordination role of hazard mitigation efforts across all town departments.
Community and
Economic
Development
Planning, permitting, engineering, inspections, and economic development positions that have
knowledge of general plans, building and zoning codes, land use, land development, land management
practices, construction practices, and other activities that support hazard mitigation efforts directly or
indirectly.
Public Works Engineers and other professional positions that have knowledge of engineering, construction,
stormwater, and floodplain management practices.
Water Utility Engineers and other professional positions that have knowledge of water conservation, drought plans,
engineering, construction, and best practices relating to the management of water infrastructure and
systems.
GIS Knowledge and expertise on available technology, data, and GIS systems that can support hazard
mitigation efforts.
Information
Technology
Use of technology, asset management systems, and other applications support and manage mitigation
efforts.
Police and Fire Expertise relating to overall life and public safety considerations.
Planning and Zoning
Commission
Holds public meetings and makes recommendations to the Town Council on matters relating to the
General Plan, zoning code amendments, rezoning, and other land use requests.
Table 5-13: Pascua Yaqui Tribe Programs & Policies
PYT – Emergency
Operations Plan
Purpose
Provides Tribal government authorities, identifies roles and
responsibilities, provides a framework for incorporating
departments, divisions, and stakeholders.
Responsible Agency Office of Emergency Management, Tribal Administration
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Low. The plan provides a framework for tribal departments and
stakeholders to come together to effectively to coordinate response
and recovery activities and efforts.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Updating the EOP is critical to capability building. Continuous
education and awareness of the plan for tribal departments,
stakeholders, and the public is equally important and will enhance
operational coordination. The EOP is a just one component to a
family of tribally developed plans to include its THIRA and MJHMP
documents that assist with mitigating the community’s exposure to
the impacts of future hazard events.
PYT – Threat and Hazard
Identification and Risk
Assessment (THIRA) Purpose
The Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (THIRA)
is a three-step risk assessment process that helps communities
understand their risks and what they need to do to address those
risks.
Responsible Agency Office of Emergency Management, supporting tribal departments
Hazards Flood, Extreme Heat, Extreme Cold, Wildfire
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Medium. The outputs from this process lay the foundation for
determining a community’s capability gaps.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
The THIRA is a three-step risk assessment completed every three
years, as it enables communities to assess year-over-year trends in
changes to their capabilities, while still periodically reviewing the
capability targets to keep them relevant. Threats and hazards
identified in the THIRA will be used to develop exercises and
capability building processes for the Tribe.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 138
The Tribe has used the Hazard Mitigation Planning Process to inform other planning efforts, such as an assessment
and complimentary planning document for the Tribe's Master Drainage plan, land use plan, etc.
During the planning process of the hazard mitigation plan, the Tribal Local Planning Team utilized the information
within its THIRA/SPR to assist with the development of the hazard profiles within the Risk Assessment. The Tribal
Local Planning Team created scenarios based on the Tribe's core capabilities to assess which hazard poses a greater
risk to its community. The Tribe also integrated the planning process through the Public Assistance Grant Program.
In response to COVID-19 Pandemic, the Tribe received a declaration of emergency, which in turn activated categories
within the Public Assistant Grant Program.
Table 5-14: Pascua Yaqui Tribe Codes & Regulations
International Fire Code -
2018 Edition
Purpose 2018 Edition Code Requirements for Inspection updates and new
construction.
Responsible Agency Fire Department
Hazards Wildfire, (Life safety, protection of property)
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Strict code ensures construction and occupancies are compliant by
establishing criteria for building, processing, design, service, and
installation.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
International Fire Code establishes set standards and regulatory tools to
mitigate the community’s exposure to the impacts of future hazard
events. The Tribe is researching / planning updating our Current
International Building Codes from 2018 version to the updated 2021
International Building Codes. Enhancing these codes will help ensure
more stringent safety updates and will help mitigate damage from
adverse weather as well as enhance fire codes.
NFPA Standards Purpose Establishes Standards of Practice.
Responsible Agency Fire Department
Hazards Wildfire, (Life Safety, Protection of property, Protection of land and
natural resources)
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Data driven provides analysis for best practices to minimize risk to life
and property.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
An opportunity for the Tribe to increase its future mitigation efforts is
regular updates to the NFPA standards. The Tribe’s codes will be
updated and will continue to update to model codes with minor
amendments. When the codes are amended or updated in their various
cycles the Tribe will ensure it has the appropriate people available to
consult on changes to make the codes more adapted to the mitigation
needs.
Resolution establishing the
Pascua Yaqui Office of
Emergency Management
and enacting Title Two,
Part II, Chapter 2-23 the
Pascua Yaqui Office of
Emergency Management
Ordinance ORD 20-21
Purpose To establish the Office of Emergency Management of the Pascua
Yaqui Tribe and to provide authorization and guidance for its
operations.
Responsible Agency Office of Emergency Management, Attorney General’s Office
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Establishes guidance and authorities necessary for the execution of its
mission, performance, of its mandated functions.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
The Pascua Yaqui Tribe Office of Emergency Management Ordinance
has been integrated to the Pascua Yaqui Code and can be amended and
revised as needed by the jurisdiction.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 139
Table 5-15: Pascua Yaqui Tribe Financial Resources
Community Development
Block Grants
Purpose Supports community development activities to build stronger and more
resilient communities. To support community development, activities
are identified through an ongoing process.
Responsible Agency Grants and Contracts Department; Developmental Services; Housing
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Activities may address needs such as infrastructure, economic
development projects, public facilities installation, community centers,
housing rehabilitation, public services, clearance/acquisition,
microenterprise assistance, code enforcement, homeowner assistance,
etc.
Capital Improvements
Project funding
Purpose Developed based on availability of funds. Rolling 5-year basis.
Responsible Agency Developmental Services; Housing Department; Facilities Management
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Activities may address needs such as infrastructure, public facilities
installation, public services, and clearance/acquisition.
Current and past financial sources available to the Tribe for hazard mitigation planning and projects include potential
disaster and mitigation funds through FEMA (Public Assistance, HMGP, and PDM funds), programs established
through the Indian Self Determination Act (Public Law 93-638), casino and tribal enterprise revenues, and various
departmental operation budgets. Other potential sources of funds may include the U.S. Department of Interior (Bureau
of Reclamation, Bureau of Indian Affairs, U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management), U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers, U.S. Housing and Urban Development, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (Indian Health
Service), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (U.S. Forest Service, Natural Resources Co nservation Service), State
of Arizona (Governor’s Office of Economic Development, Arizona Department of Transportation, Arizona
Department of Housing, Arizona Department of Health Services), Pima Association of Governments, and other
federal, state and local sources. All grants are tracked through the Grants Department at the Tribe and over 21
departments utilize grant funds of one type or another. While the Tribal Local Planning Team identified federal
funding sources for mitigation activities, within the last five-years the Tribe has not been awarded or have received
mitigation grant funding.
Tribal Pre- and Post-Disaster Hazard Management
In addition to the tables listed above, the Pascua Yaqui Tribe is required to summarize and evaluate pre - and post-
disaster hazard management to satisfy the §201.7 Tribal Planning capability assessment requirements. Accordingly,
Table 5-13 summarizes hazard mitigation and pre- and post-disaster hazard management practices and roles that are
currently accomplished through several Pascua Yaqui Tribe departments and programs.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 140
Table 5-16: Pascua Yaqui Tribe Staff/Personnel Resources
Department/Agency
Involvement
Emergency Manager Emergency Management Director – oversees emergency management program and staff.
Grant writer(s) Tribal Grants/Contracts assists with identifying federal and state grant funding programs related to
mitigation.
Office of the Chairman • General mitigation oversight.
• Emergency response oversight.
• General development oversight.
Tribal Council • Final approval for all mitigation and pre-disaster planning, projects and funding allocation for
pre- and post-disaster hazard management activities.
Land Department • Regulates land use and development including zoning and flood management.
• Lead planning department for all tribal development including flood control, transportation, and
other physical improvements on the reservation.
Fire Department • Shared emergency management role with Police Department.
• Emergency response and mitigation responsibilities regarding fire and HazMat.
• Hazmat awareness and operations, but not technical response for removal or clean up.
• Wildland fire awareness and operations.
• CERT Team collaboration.
• Part of the AZ Mutual Aid Compact (AZMAC).
• Pima County Fire Chiefs Mutual Aid Agreement.
• Pima County Community Wildfire Protection Plan.
• Tribal Salt River Region Fuel Management Plan.
Police Department • Shared emergency management role with Fire Department
• Response and mitigation for many of the human-caused hazards related to the civil population
and terrorism.
• Enforcement of tribal law.
• Participates in a regional SWAT team.
Office of Emergency
Management
• Responsible for overseeing incidents caused by natural and or man-made disasters or
emergencies.
• Provide departmental and community education and assistance in conjunction with Emergency
Response Organizations in providing services to governmental offices, the community at large
and surrounding areas.
Health Department • Control of disease and outbreak incidents.
• Dispensing of medication and anti-viral vaccines through points of distribution and points of
dispensing.
• Public awareness and public service announcements in collaboration with the local radio
station.
• Conduct training for hazard related issues and incidents.
• CERT Team leadership.
Facilities Department • Maintain and operate heavy equipment for response to disaster related needs.
• Maintain electricians on staff.
• Responsibility for emergency shut-off of water mains.
• Maintain a 24/7 on-call capability.
Procurement Department • Emergency and other purchases.
• Maintenance of emergency generators.
Indian Health Services –
Office of Engineering &
Environmental Health
• Emergency response and post-disaster needs assessments for mitigation and recovery.
BIA • Mutual aid cooperative agreement with PYT for fire response and financial assistance .
Other(s) • Tribal Public Safety personnel trained in NIMS and ICS, outside consultants
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 141
The Pascua Yaqui Tribe has several programs and policies in-place to include a newly established Office of
Emergency Management to provide for effective hazard mitigation, as is summarized in the applicable tables. For the
2022 Plan, the Tribe pulled together a Local Planning Team consisting of its Facilities, Housing, Enrollment, Health,
Law Enforcement, Procurement, and Land Departments. The Tribal Local Planning Team performed an
evaluation/assessment of the information summarized, and noted the following regarding successes, gaps,
opportunities and changes over the last planning cycle:
• Regarding pre- and post-disaster hazard management policies, programs, and capabilities, the Tribal Local
Planning Team:
o Identified the ongoing maintenance of its Emergency Operations Plan.
o Identified processes and practices for coordinated and collaborative capability building to respond to
a human-caused event at the AVA entertainment facility and casino.
o The Tribe’s ability to establish and maintain mutual aid agreements and partnerships were proving
effective for expanding the response capacity for event taking place within tribal lands.
• Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic there has been no significant change in the Tribe’s policies related to
development in hazard prone areas over the 2022 planning cycle other than to regulate to the 100-year
floodplain using the data and recommendations of the Pascua Yaqui Tribe Flood Control Project.
• Specific hazard management capabilities of the Tribe that have changed since approval of the previous plan
include:
o New BIA, Pima Fire Chiefs Association, PCCWPP, Arizona Mutual Aid Compact and SWAT
cooperative/mutual aid agreements have been developed.
o The Pascua Yaqui Tribe Flood Control Project Plan became available for flood management use. The
plan is delivered in phases with completion of phase 2 concluding in October 2016 and activities will
continue.
o Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) collaboration.
Upon receipt of a presidential disaster declaration, the Tribe will work with FEMA to develop two (2) post-disaster
hazard management tools:
1) Public Assistance Administration Plan; and
2) Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Administration Plan. Both plans will be used by the Tribe to identify
the roles and responsibilities of the Tribe in administering the FEMA Public Assistance (PA) and Hazard
Mitigation Grant Programs (HMGP), and to outline staffing requirements and the policies and procedures
to be used. As result of developing these plans and revising this Plan, Tribal resources will improve hazard
management and mitigation planning.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 142
Table 5-17: Town of Sahuarita Programs & Policies
2020-2025 Strategic
Plan Purpose
The 2020-2025 Strategic Plan is the Town’s strategy of capitalizing
on its financial position, organizational effectiveness, community
involvement, and geographical location through innovative and
managed risk.
Responsible Agency Town of Sahuarita – Mayor and Council
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
The Strategic Plan foster an inclusive community with a unique
identity where the residents can start, grow, and enjoy life.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
The Strategic Plan is a well-thought out process that will create
various opportunities during the different phases as well as within
different areas. The Strategic Plan can be improved through the
inclusion of multi-hazard mitigation improvements, or multi-hazard
mitigation techniques, within any planned Town capital improvement
project.
Table 5-18: Town of Sahuarita Codes & Regulations
Sahuarita Town
Code, as amended
Purpose
To provide support and guidance to the present and future growth of
the Town of Sahuarita in order to maximize the comfort and
sustainability of both health and convenience of the community.
Responsible Agency Town of Sahuarita (Planning & Building Safety, Police, Public
Works, Green Valley Fire District, Rural/Metro Fire District)
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Since the Town of Sahuarita is a fairly new community, the code helps
minimize and possibly eliminate the potential dangers of hazards.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Adding to the code as new laws and regulations are adopted and
clarifying some of the standards such as those for construction and
building will improve the process.
2018 Series of
International Codes
(Chapter 15.05 of the
Town Code), as
amended
2017 National
Electric Code, as
amended
Purpose To provide guidance for safe and acceptable standards for building.
Responsible Agency Planning & Building
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Since the Town of Sahuarita is a fairly new community, the code helps
minimize and possibly eliminate the potential dangers of hazards.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Adding to the code as new laws and regulations are adopted and
clarifying some of the standards such as those for construction and
building will improve the process.
Floodplain
Management
Ordinance, as
amended
Aquifer Protection
permit #103602
Purpose
To promote and protect the health, peace, safety, comfort,
convenience, and general welfare of the community; to minimize
public and private losses due to flooding.
Responsible Agency Public Works; Water Reclamation
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
The code was recently updated to help with the development along
local washes outside of the FEMA Flood Zones.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Mapping of Local Washes to determine Flood and Erosion Hazard
Setback limits can possibly improve planning resources for
development along local washes.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 143
Table 5-19: Town of Sahuarita Financial Resources
Capital Improvement
Project Funding Purpose
To improve upon existing civil infrastructures as well as the
construction of new ones to not only promote safety but also meet and
exceed national standards.
Responsible Agency Public Works
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Minimizes and possibly eliminates potential hazards by building per
standards.
Development Fees Purpose To improve upon development around the community by making sure
that builders adhere to adopted standards.
Responsible Agency Public Works, Planning & Building, Mayor & Council
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Minimizes and possibly eliminates potential hazards by building per
standards.
Table 5-20: Town of Sahuarita Staff/Personnel Resources
Department/Agency
Involvement
Town of Sahuarita
Council
The Town of Sahuarita is responsible for developing the Town’s Ordinance, Land Use Plan, Master
Plan, and Subdivision regulations.
Department Heads Responsible for planning and development of policies to support hazard mitigation programs and
projects.
Town Engineer Point of Contact to initiate flooding emergency. Reviews plans for flooding mitigation and
develops project recommendations to mitigate flooding.
Public Works
Department (CIP)
Project design and construction management of infrastructure to minimize flooding
Code Enforcement Responsible for the enforcement and regulation of the Town’s Ordinance, Code, Standards, and
Guidelines.
Police and Fire Expertise relating to overall life and public safety considerations.
Table 5-21: City of Tucson Programs & Policies
Tucson Floodplain
Management Plan
(TSMS Phase Va) Purpose
Tucson Floodplain Management Plan (FMP) identifies unique hazard
conditions in the Tucson area and prioritizes action tasks to: a) lower
flood and erosion hazard associated costs and b) reduce risks within
City of Tucson.
Responsible Agency
City of Tucson Floodplain Board (Mayor & Council), Floodplain
Administration housed in Department of Transportation and Mobility
(DTM)
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
High, since it prioritizes action plan tasks and projects, and helps
educate and emphasize importance of flood and erosion hazard
management, regulating development in regulatory 100-year flood
conditions and erosion hazard areas, as well as critical infrastructure
in 500-year floodplain.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Annual updates for the Tucson FMP provide opportunity to assess
how action items are being achieved and prioritize action items for
that year. Tucson FMP is important to be referenced and utilized when
applying for FEMA hazard mitigation grants – projects identified in
this adopted plan are given more weight for FEMA grant approval.
Floodplain management staff is about 25% of what it used to be about
15 years ago; more certified floodplain managers would increase
effectiveness of floodplain management at the City of Tucson and for
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 144
Table 5-21: City of Tucson Programs & Policies
applying for and managing grant projects. Annual FMP updates occur
to reflect current identified needs to address flood and erosion related
hazards.
Tucson Levee
Manual Purpose
Provides oversight for levee breach response for the levees impacting
the City of Tucson and provides requirements for development of
levees, as well as itemized maintenance for classic levees and levee
floodwalls.
Responsible Agency Tucson PDSD, Tucson Floodplain Administration
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Having a City of Tucson levee manual assists floodplain
administration develop specific emergency response plans for
impacted areas next to levee and dams.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Emergency response plans will be customized for each dam and levee
during breach conditions that can assist with warning system planning
and implementation.
Tucson Green Streets
Active Practice
Guidelines
Purpose
City of Tucson Green Streets Active Practice Guidelines provides
guidance for public right-of-way improvements to incorporate green
infrastructure features into Tucson roadways wherever possible.
Responsible Agency Tucson DTM Landscaping, Tucson Floodplain Administration,
Tucson’s City Engineer.
Hazards Extreme Heat
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Water harvesting provides efficient opportunities to capture storm
runoff to irrigate onsite vegetation; and with more trees, less heat
island effect.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
The current version needs to be updated to reflect other transportation
planning documents and water harvesting regulations.
Drought
Preparedness and
Response Plan
Purpose
The Plan recognizes that drought impacts do not occur suddenly or
without warning and acknowledges that with proper planning and
review it is unlikely the community will find itself in an emergency
caused solely by drought. It also ensures that Tucson Water staff will
implement drought response measures early enough to avoid crisis-
mode decision making and to help the community anticipate what
measures will come next if drought impacts become more severe.
Responsible Agency City of Tucson Water Department – Tucson Water
Hazards Extreme Heat
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Medium: Diversifying water supplies and increasing water savings
has made the Utility more drought resilient, not just now but well into
the future. Integrating climate change adaptation into both long range
and drought planning will be a key aspect of maintaining our drought
resilience. The 2020 update of Tucson Water’s drought plan also
makes the thresholds for each drought level consistent with the Lake
Mead water elevations used for each tier in the DCP.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Annual review of Plan provides the opportunity to update and align
the Plan with changing state and federal policy.
Tucson Water
Emergency Response
Plan
Purpose
The purpose of the Tucson Water (TW) Emergency Response Plan
(ERP) is to protect the health of employees and the public, limit the
impact of a crisis on services and resources, and ensure a quick
recovery following an emergency. This ERP addresses emergencies
that will be managed primarily by TW and describes situations where
TW will provide support and cooperation with other agencies (the
City of Tucson, Pima County, state, federal, and/or private sector
supporting agencies) during large-scale emergencies.
Responsible Agency City of Tucson Water Department – Tucson Water
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 145
Table 5-21: City of Tucson Programs & Policies
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
High: The Emergency Response Plan provides Emergency Action
Plans or Checklists that serve as procedures to follow for emergency
response to individual incidents.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Conduct risk and resilience assessment of potable distribution system
infrastructure, annual review and updating of the Emergency
Response Plan, annual tabletop emergency response exercise, EPA
certification every five (5) years.
Tucson One Water
2100 Master Plan Purpose
The Tucson One Water 2100 Master Plan is an integrated planning
and implementation approach to managing finite water resources for
long-term resilience and reliability, meeting both community and
ecosystem needs.
Responsible Agency City of Tucson Water Department – Tucson Water
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
High: The Tucson One Water 2100 Master Plan provides strategic
planning and technical guidance that encompasses all water sources
in long term mitigation planning.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Technical memorandums provide direction on improving mitigation
strategies to protect water sources from hazards that affect the water
system.
Heat advisory
protocol Purpose
Parks and Recreation has numerous employees who spend a
significant amount of time working outdoors all day. To ensure the
safety of employees, a heat advisory protocol has been developed to
define when employees will be restricted from working outdoors.
Responsible Agency Tucson Parks and Recreation
Hazards Extreme heat
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
High. When the defined heat index elements are met, employees are
moved to indoor activities.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
The City of Tucson Parks and Recreation will review the protocol on
an annual basis to evaluate the effectiveness.
Heat advisory Purpose To open up recreation centers as cooling stations for citizens during
periods of excess heat conditions.
Responsible Agency Tucson Parks and Recreation
Hazards Extreme heat
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
High. Actions allow citizens access to cool indoor spaces.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
The City of Tucson Parks and Recreation will review the protocol on
an annual basis to evaluate the effectiveness.
Cold weather
protocols Purpose
To protect park property and assets from freezing conditions. When
freezing conditions are forecast, staff cover back flow valves and shut
off drinking fountains to prevent freezing and broken pipes.
Responsible Agency Tucson Parks and Recreation
Hazards Extreme cold
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
High. Actions prevent broken water pipes and preserve property.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
The City of Tucson Parks and Recreation will review the protocol on
an annual basis to evaluate the effectiveness.
Plan Tucson Purpose Plan Tucson provides the Mayor and Council’s expected focus and
goals as the City of Tucson General & Sustainability Plan.
Responsible Agency All Tucson departments
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Provides City projects consistency in following Mayor and Council
directives and ensures projects consider sustainable approaches, such
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 146
Table 5-21: City of Tucson Programs & Policies
as: reduces potential harm to life and property in natural hazard areas
and from hazards resulting from human activities and development
through preventive measures; rehabilitates and enhances natural
drainage systems, water detention and retention basins, and other
infiltration areas for multiple benefits, such as recreation, wildlife
habitat, and stormwater management; protects groundwater, surface
water, and stormwater from contamination; and creates, preserves,
and manages biologically rich, connected open space; wildlife and
plant habitat; and wildlife corridors, including natural washes and
pockets of native vegetation, while working to eradicate invasive
species.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Refresher training for staff and revisiting the plan periodically (every
5 years), and including Floodplain Administration input, helps to
ensure the plan’s goals are applied to City drainage improvement
projects.
Tucson GSI Program
Purpose
Since May 1, 2020, a new Green Stormwater Infrastructure fee was
included on utility services statements for residents and businesses
within the City of Tucson, generating $3 million each year to build
and maintain projects throughout the city that capture stormwater
runoff from public streets and parking lots, and divert it into vegetated
water harvesting areas. GSI Program: provides a funding source for
existing GSI maintenance and growing more trees and plants on
streets, and in parks and public areas using stormwater runoff as a
primary water source; reduces stormwater pollution; shade and cool
streets, sidewalks, bikeways, and parking areas; reduces costs for
needed underground storm drain systems.
Responsible Agency Tucson Water, Tucson DTM (Stormwater)
Hazards Extreme Heat
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Green infrastructure projects that include water harvesting provides
efficient opportunities to capture storm runoff to irrigate onsite
vegetation; and with more trees, less heat island effect.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Tucson Water is working with other Tucson departments including
PDSD, DTM, Stormwater Management / Floodplain Administration
to identify ways to ensure an efficient sub-program for drainage
facility maintenance is utilized.
Tucson Stormwater
Management
Program
Purpose
Funded primarily by Tucson DTM, Stormwater Management
Program is an oversight program that prepares the annual report to
Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) and collects
stormwater management data from all City departments regarding
their department’s stormwater activities and responsibilities. Prior to
the GSI fee, a stormwater fee is being used to help fund City of Tucson
Stormwater Management, providing approximately $190,000 per year
to the program managed by staff in Tucson DTM. Stormwater
Management Program complies with the Municipal Separate
Stormwater Sewer System MS4 Phase 1 ADEQ permit and complies
with EPA Clean Water Act.
Responsible Agency Tucson DTM oversight for all departments.
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
With the high density of potable wells (both private and public) within
the City of Tucson area, the Tucson Stormwater Management
program helps to protect the surface water quality, thereby also
protecting Tucson’s groundwater quality. The program covers illicit
discharge inspections and resolution, industrial/commercial
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 147
Table 5-21: City of Tucson Programs & Policies
inspections, first flush sampling, annual reporting, and other tasks that
support clean surface runoff.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Standardized stormwater pollution prevention plan boiler plate for the
City of Tucson could be created to help facilitate private and public
development project grading plan submittals. The ordinance
readability could be improved; ordinance enforcement could be
clarified/enhanced and written to correlate wi th associated ADEQ
issued MS4 permit. The use of Corrective Action Plans for addressing
stormwater issues could be written under technical standards for better
implementation of stormwater compliance request/response.
Tucson Stormwater
Management Study
Purpose
Tucson Stormwater Management Study (TSMS) is the adopted
original highly comprehensive floodplain management plan for the
City of Tucson. Tucson reports annually and every five years to
FEMA and ADWR on flood and erosion hazard mitigation and
regulatory compliance to the City's adopted flood and erosion hazard
management regulations. In 2016, TSMS Phase V was adopted after
public input in 5 stakeholder meetings as the updated Tucson
Floodplain Management Plan. The latest Tucson FMP was adopted in
2020, as TSMS Phase Va. Annual public meetings occur for annual
updates.
Responsible Agency
Tucson DTM Floodplain Administration oversees floodplain and
erosion hazard management code compliance for all
departments. Planning and Development Services
Department (PDSD) applies TSMS regulations for private
development review. DTM applies TSMS regulations for public
stormdrain system, public properties and right-of-way.
Hazards Flood and Erosion
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Reduce flood and erosion hazard risk and reduction of flood insurance
costs to the City of Tucson property owners that have a flood
insurance policy. Also, this plan provides oversight to NFIP activities
by annual and 5-year certification processes.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
The flood warning & response activity is identified for additional
work for flood warning systems as it pertains to:
upgrading/maintaining automated wash crossing systems; dam and
levee breach hazards as well as obtaining additional rain gauges and
stream sensors for flood stage data that can assist with warning
systems. There is an opportunity for increased funding for flood and
erosion hazard projects throughout the City. Floodplain management
planning activities have additional effort opportunities that include:
when reviewing annual FMP action items – with more staff and
funding, more action items can be addressed
Table 5-22: City of Tucson Codes & Regulations
Tucson Unified
Development Code –
Environmental
Resource Zone (ERZ
Overlay)
Purpose
ERZ Overlay code restricts disturbance within the 100-year flood
limits to only necessary access, necessary utilities (that cross
perpendicular to flow and are set below scour depth, protected against
scour), bike paths and trails. The remaining 100-year floodplain is to
be kept undisturbed (other than under modification request for up to
5% additional disturbance).
Responsible Agency Tucson Floodplain Administration, PDSD, Tucson DTM (for project
review, inspections)
Hazards Flood
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 148
Table 5-22: City of Tucson Codes & Regulations
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Natural function floodplain lowers flood and erosion hazard risks.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
City staff may benefit from periodic refresher training assuring all
reviewers are familiar with existing code and understand how to apply
codes.
Tucson Watercourse
Amenities, Safety
Habitat (W.A.S.H.
Ordinance: Tucson
Code Chapter 29
Article VIII)
Purpose
W.A.S.H. Ordinance protects the riparian floodplain within the area
fifty feet from top of back on designated watercourses. Purpose per
code: (a) Maximize opportunities for groundwater recharge through the
preservation of specific washes with earthen channels and banks; (b)
Protect existing vegetation found within and near specific washes; (c)
Provide for the restoration of vegetation disturbed as a result of
development in and adjacent to specific washes. (d) Assist in the
reduction of the urban heat island effect by retaining existing
vegetation and minimizing structural improvement of urban washes.
Responsible Agency Tucson Floodplain Administration, PDSD.
Hazards Extreme Heat and flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
By protecting the riparian floodplain, flood risks are reduced and all or
portion of required erosion hazard setbacks are provided using natural
floodplain function of the riparian area. Increased natural vegetation
helps reduce heat island effect.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Currently, development projects are asked to have the riparian
floodplain within the W.A.S.H. Study Area to remain as is, even when
there is opportunity to add additional trees / vegetation. Since one of
the intents of the W.A.S.H. Ordinance is to provide for the restoration
of vegetation disturbed as a result of development in and adjacent to
specific washes, additional guidelines or technical standards could be
provided to clarify specifically how enhancement of 50-foot study area
can be augmented with additional trees and vegetation to increase
erosion protection potential as well as increase potential to lessen heat
island effect.
Tucson Technical
Standards Section 4-01 Purpose
Technical Standards 4-01: Commercial Rainwater Harvesting
standards reduce dependency on potable and reclaimed water sources
by providing regulations for development water harvesting
requirements.
Responsible Agency Tucson PDSD, Tucson Water, Tucson Floodplain Administration
Hazards Extreme Heat
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Water harvesting provides efficient opportunities to capture storm
runoff to irrigate onsite vegetation; and with more trees, less heat island
effect.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Periodic training for staff reviewers and providing training to
development consultants could improve the ease of use of these
standards. Water harvesting requirements for site plans can be more
comprehensive than standard retention/detention basin volume
requirements; an easier procedure for preparing water harvesting plans
would benefit the development community.
Tucson Technical
Standards Section 4-02
Purpose
Technical Standards 4-02 provides development review procedures for
projects that have requirements under Tucson Code Article 1, Division
1, Floodplain and Hazard Area Regulations, Chapter 26, Tucson Code;
Article VIII, Watercourse Amenities, Safety and Habitat (WASH),
Chapter 29, Tucson Code; and Section 5.7, Environmental Resource
Zone (ERZ), Unified Development Code (UDC), Chapter 23, all of the
Tucson Code.
Responsible Agency Tucson PDSD, Tucson Floodplain Administration
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 149
Table 5-22: City of Tucson Codes & Regulations
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Helps reviewers and development community apply the ERZ code and
W.A.S.H Ordinance so that all designated W.A.S.H. and ERZ
watercourses (Proposed, TSMS and Regulated designations) meet
mitigation efforts by protecting riparian floodplain to lessen flood and
erosion hazard risks and heat island effect.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Refresher training for review staff to become more familiar with
existing regulations and better understand how to apply codes.
Tucson Technical
Standards Section 4-03
Purpose Technical Standards 4-03: Detention and retention standards
Responsible Agency Tucson PDSD, Tucson Floodplain Administration
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Within the critical watershed management areas, a minimum 15%
reduction in runoff flowrates from pre-developed conditions for 2-year,
10-year and 100-year storm events shall be achieved for development
projects. In balanced watershed management areas, pre-developed
conditions shall be achieved. In no case shall adverse impacts occur
and post-developed flowrates shall be at or less than pre-developed
conditions. These requirements which have been in place for several
decades lessen the impact of flooding from new development.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Considerations need to be identified for pumps and dry wells as these
features have not been effective forms for infiltration in the City due to
the unique soils in the City limits. Further education of staff and the
public about the sustainable approach of detention is needed.
Tucson Technical
Standards Section 4-
04
Purpose
Technical Standards 4-04: City of Tucson Standards Manual for
Drainage Design and Floodplain Management in Tucson, Arizona is a
comprehensive drainage manual used by other jurisdictions. The
manual covers flood peak calculations, drainage maintenance, erosion
hazard setbacks, conduit and open channel design, bridge and scour
depth requirements, and other drainage standards for preparing
drainage reporting documents for public and private development.
Responsible Agency Tucson PDSD, Tucson Floodplain Administration
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
High. Due to the comprehensive coverage of regulations, the manual is
effective at covering all types of development requirements.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Refresher training for review staff is needed.
Tucson Code
Chapter 11 (Sections
58-63)
Purpose
Like Tucson’s flood and erosion hazard management code (Chapter 26,
Article I), this section of the Tucson Code (Section 11-58) provides
restriction for storm drain systems making it illegal to deposit offensive
matter, soapy water, sewerage, clothing washing wastewater, etc., or
cause diversions or obstructions to rainwater runoff. Tucson Code
Section 11-59 through 63 augments section 58 by explaining the duty
to clean watercourses by property owner, issuing notices of violations
and defines penalties.
Responsible Agency Tucson departments: Code Enforcement, DTM, PDSD, Tucson
Floodplain Administration
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Provide legal reference for enforcing regulations that protect
watercourses from illegal dumping, obstructions, diversions, and other
adverse impacts. Enforcement of this code helps to improve surface
and groundwater quality thereby improving water quality of public and
private potable water wells.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 150
Table 5-22: City of Tucson Codes & Regulations
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Opportunities include: more staff and refresher training for Code
Enforcement, Stormwater Management (Illicit Discharge and
Elimination subprogram) by Floodplain Administration
Tucson Code
Chapter 26 Article II Purpose
City if Tucson has its own Stormwater Ordinance that provides
regulations pertaining to surface water quality and complies with
ADEQ, EPA Clean Water Act regulations.
Responsible Agency Tucson DTM, Engineering Division, Stormwater Management
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
With the high density of potable wells (both private and public) within
the City of Tucson area, the Tucson Stormwater Ordinance helps to
protect the surface water quality, thereby also protecting Tucson’s
groundwater quality.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Standardized stormwater pollution prevention plan boiler plate for the
City of Tucson could be created to help facilitate private and public
development project grading plan submittals. The ordinance readability
could be improved; ordinance enforcement could be clarified/enhanced
and written to correlate with associated ADEQ issued MS4 permit. The
use of Corrective Action Plans for addressing stormwater issues could
be written under technical standards for better implementation of
stormwater compliance request/response.
Tucson Flood and
Erosion Hazard
Management
Ordinance (Tucson
Code Chapter 26
Article I)
Purpose
City of Tucson’s floodplain ordinance provides regulations for the safe
conveyance of floodwaters, to promote and protect the health, peace,
safety, comfort, convenience, and general welfare of the residents
within the jurisdictional area of City of Tucson, Arizona; to minimize
public and private losses due to flooding and erosion hazards; and to
enable its residents to participate in the National Flood Insurance
Program (NFIP), receive federal disaster assistance, obtain flood
insurance, and reduce the cost of flood insurance.
Responsible Agency City of Tucson Floodplain Board (Mayor & Council), Tucson
Floodplain Administrator
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
High. This code was recently updated January 2021, to reflect the
changes of development within the City that are increasingly using
more erosion and flood prone properties for development; updated
code lessens development risk in the erosion hazard setback at top of
bank of regional watercourses in the City limits. This code also assists
in regulating utility work, building construction, and grading within
flood prone areas, as well as defines requirements for Critical Facilities.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
City of Tucson continues to review and update the ordinance, last time
being ins 2020. The City of Tucson intends to continue to update the
ordinance to provide a higher standards for flood and erosion hazard
management to ensure the ordinances is within guidelines of the NFIP
updates.
Community Water
System Planning and
Reporting
Requirements: A.R.S.
§45-342
Purpose
Community Water Systems are required to complete annual water-use
reports and system water plans. These requirements are part of a larger
set of recommendations made by the Governor's Drought Task Force
in 2005. The reports and plans are intended to reduce Community
Water Systems’ vulnerability to drought and ensure that water
providers are prepared to respond to drought or water shortage
conditions.
Responsible Agency Arizona Department of Water Resources
Hazards Extreme Heat
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 151
Table 5-22: City of Tucson Codes & Regulations
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
High: Reduction of Community Water Systems’ vulnerability to
drought and ensures that water providers are prepared to respond to
drought or water shortage conditions.
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Mayor and Council review and approve updates to the Drought Plan
Preparedness and Response Plan annually. The reviews are utilized to
further increase mitigation efforts by rolling the drought plan up into
the One Water 2100 master plan. All of the response
measure/mitigation actions listed in the drought plan will go through a
public engagement process and M&C review as the One Water 2100
master plan is developed.
America’s Water
Infrastructure Act of
2018 (AWIA) Section
2013
Purpose
Section 2013 of America’s Water Infrastructure Act of 2018 (AWIA)
requires community water systems1 that serve more than 3,300 people
to complete a risk and resilience assessment and develop an emergency
response plan.
Responsible Agency Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Hazards All
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
High: AWIA provides specific emergency response guidance for all
hazards
Opportunities for
Enhancement
Incorporating updates from EPA to the Emergency Response Plan and
the Risk and Resiliency Assessment tool.
Table 5-23: City of Tucson Financial Resources
FEMA grants Purpose To support the flood & erosion hazard mitigation projects.
Responsible Agency
Tucson’s Department of Transportation & Mobility (DTM) Floodplain
Administration working with City Emergency Management staff in
Tucson Fire Department (TFD), Business Services, and other City
staff.
Hazards Flood, Drought, Extreme Heat, Severe Wind, and Wildfire
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Grants are the only resource at this time for funding the construction of
flood / erosion hazard mitigation projects, aside from using limited
other resources such as City’s general fund, Army Corps of Engineer
projects, and county flood control district projects. If DEMA/ FEMA
awards the grant, then projects can improve safety and lower risks and
costs associated with flood and erosion hazards.
Water Conservation
Fund Purpose To offer Tucson Water customers high-quality conservation and
education programs and robust efficiency incentives.
Responsible Agency City of Tucson Water Department – Tucson Water
Hazards Drought
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
Medium: Conservation of potable water through multiple incentive and
educational program.
Impact fees for
homebuyers or new
development/homes
Purpose For new developments inside impact fee area-zones only. The impact
fees are charged to new developments.
Responsible Agency Planning and Development
Hazards Flood and Erosion
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
To support the flood & erosion hazard mitigation projects.
Capital Improvement
Project Funding
Purpose
A Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) is a community planning and fiscal
management tool used to coordinate the location, timing, and financing
of capital improvements over a five-year period. Capital improvements
refer to major, non-recurring physical expenditures such as land,
buildings, public infrastructure, and equipment, all with a cost of
$100,000 or more. The CIP is necessary to improve public facilities
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 152
Table 5-23: City of Tucson Financial Resources
and infrastructure assets for the economic, aesthetic, and functional
viability to our City. The plan identifies our City’s specific capital
needs based on various long-range plans, goals, and policies and also
provides analysis for decision making for City officials and strategic
capital planning efforts with City departments.
Responsible Agency City of Tucson, Office of Budget
Hazards Flood
Effect on Mitigation
Efforts
To support the flood & erosion hazard mitigation projects.
Table 5-24: City of Tucson Staff/Personnel Resources
Department/Agency Involvement
City of Tucson Engineering
Division staff (PDSD & DTM)
City of Tucson Floodplain Administration is responsible for: FEMA map revision
review/approval; Flood/Erosion data management and map updates; Customer
service/floodplain information; Drainage complaints and enforcement; Notices of
Violations and variances; Public drainage infrastructure inspection; Public drainage
infrastructure maintenance; Public outreach (on floodplain issues); CRS Coordinator
activities; Grant writing and management. PDSD staff is responsible for the following
floodplain management tasks: Development Review in flood and erosion hazard areas
(subdivisions, commercial development, etc.); Managing and processing single -lot
floodplain permits; FEMA map review for private development; Customer
service/floodplain information; Drainage complaints and enforcement for private
property; and Private drainage infrastructure inspections. City of Tucson Floodplain
Administrator (also performing responsibilities of City Engineer and Engineering
Administrator) and Community Rating System (CRS) Coordinator (Civil Engineer for
floodplain and stormwater management) are positions located in DTM. Currently, two
Planning and Development Services Department (PDSD) engineering division
reviewers (used to be 8 reviewers about 15 years ago), and three DTM engineering
division reviewers (with one of those as the primary reviewer, there used to be over 4
civil engineers in transportation department providing floodplain management about 15
years ago as well as several stormwater management engineers. Of those 3 eng ineers,
there are two Certified Floodplain Managers in the City of Tucson (in DTM). The city
floodplain management is understaffed; more certified floodplain managers would
increase effectiveness of floodplain management plan action items and CRS tasks at the
City of Tucson and increase effectiveness for applying for and managing grant projects.
Project Manager Update the Hazard Mitigation Plan, Capability Assessment and Mitigation Strategies
forms.
Lead Planner Complete the One Water 2100 Master Plan
Water Conservation Staff Fund, manage, and promote the water efficiency rebate programs, and the Zanjero
residential water audit program; Participate, promote, and sponsor the SmartScape
program in partnership with the University of Arizona Cooperative Extension; Review
and update the City of Tucson Department Drought Preparedness and Response Plan.
Incident Management Team Emergency response management to all hazardous incidents following the Emergency
Response Plan’s Emergency Action Plans/Checklists
Water Maintenance and Water
Quality & Operations Staff
Emergency response in the field to all hazardous incidents following the Emergency
Response Plan’s Emergency Action Plans.
City of Tucson Park and
Recreation Staff
Positions most likely impacted by hazard mitigation are:
• Project managers while designing parks
• Park supervisors during events
• Recreation center supervisors during events
• All management/leadership staff while drafting new policies and procedures
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 153
Table 5-24: City of Tucson Staff/Personnel Resources
Department/Agency Involvement
City of Tucson, City Council City of Tucson in effort to address climate change has declared a climate action plan in
efforts to be carbon neutral by 2030. The climate emergency actions plan will work
with other departments in efforts to address different natural hazards, which are result
of carbon emission to include extreme heat, which is reflected in Tucson City Policy
and Codes.
5.4 Mitigation Measures
The process for defining the list of mitigation measures for the Plan was accomplished in three steps. First, an
assessment of the actions and projects spe cified in the 2017 plan was performed. Second, a new list of measures for
was developed by combining the carry forward results from the assessment with new measures. Third, an
implementation strategy for the combined list of measures was formulated.
Previous Mitigation Measures/Projects Assessment
The Planning Team and Local Planning Team for each jurisdiction reviewed and assessed the actions and projects
listed in the Mitigation Strategy section of the 2017 Plan. Any measure with a disposition classification of “Keep” or
“Revise” was carried forward to become part of the measure list for the 2022 Plan. All measures identified as “Delete”
were removed and are not carried forward in this Plan. The results of the assessment for each of the 2017 Plan measures
is summarized by jurisdiction in Appendix A.
New Mitigation Measures
Upon completion of the assessment, each jurisdiction’s LPT developed new measures using the 2022 goals and
objectives, results of the vulnerability analysis and capability assessment, and the planning team’s institutional
knowledge of hazard mitigation needs in the community.
For each measure, the following elements were identified:
• Description
• Hazard(s) Mitigated
• Estimated Cost
• Anticipated Completion Date
• Lead Agency
• Potential Funding Source
• Priority Ranking – each measures was assigned a priority ranking of either “High”, “Medium”, or “Low”.
The assignments were subjectively made using a simple process that assessed how well the measure satisfied
the following considerations:
o A favorable benefit versus cost evaluation, wherein the perceived direct and indirect benefits
outweighed the project cost.
o A direct beneficial impact on the ability to protect life and property from natural hazards.
o A mitigation solution with long-term effectiveness
Tables 5-20 through 5-25 summarize the current mitigation activities and implementation strategy for each
participating Plan jurisdiction
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 154
Table 5-25: Mitigation Measures for Unincorporated Pima County
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
Continue to identify vulnerable populations for heat
related illness, provide education targeted toward
recreational activities, visitors/travelers, hospitality
industry, homeless populations, and build cooling center
capacity.
Extreme
Heat $100,000 Ongoing
PCHD, PCOEM,
PCOSC
Mitigation Grants,
Public Health
Emergency
Preparedness,
BRACE High
Building Resilience Against Climate Effects (BRACE)
with support from the Arizona Department of Health
Services ADHS to help prevent HRI
Extreme
Heat $10,000 Ongoing PCHD
PCHD, Parks and
Rec, University of
Arizona, ADHS High
Enforce Flood & Erosion Hazard Ordinance in
accordance with the NFIP. Flood $1.2M Ongoing PCRFCD
Flood Control Tax
Levy High
Implement NFIP tasks such as LOMR submittals,
maintaining a countywide map repository, performing
master drainage studies, and coordinating to ensure the
digital map is correct. Also included is post fire
inundation area mapping studies including land and
vegetation cover change and hydrology studies. Flood $600,000 Ongoing PCRFCD
Flood Control Tax
Levy High
Provide flood risk mitigation through Capital
Improvement Projects (CIP). Also included is
maintenance and structural improvements to address post
fire flood future conditions. Flood $8.0M Ongoing PCRDFD
Flood Control Tax
Levy, USACOE, &
FEMA PF-HGMP High
Participate in Community Rating System to reduce
insurance premiums. Flood $50,000 Ongoing PCRFCD
Flood Control Tax
Levy
Cañada del Oro Levee Augmentation
Flood
Wildfire
$2,308,604 2023 PCRFCD PF-HGMP and Levy High
Finger Rock Wash Critical Infrastructure Protection
Flood
Wildfire
$2,630,000 2023 PCRFCD/PCDOT PF-HGMP and Levy High
Post Fire Flood Studies
Flood
Wildfire $350,000 2022 PCRFCD/NFS PF-HGMP and Levy High
Participate in coordination of water resiliency efforts
through regional coordination of retention, recharge and
beneficial use of stormwater.
Flood
Drought $4B 2025 PCRFCD
Water Recharge
District High
Implement the Drought Management Plan. If drought
conditions worsen, the Board of Supervisors may
consider increasing the drought stage that will trigger
drought conservation measures. Drought Staff Time Ongoing
OSC-Water
Resources Unit
General Fund and
RWRD Enterprise
Fund Medium
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 155
Table 5-25: Mitigation Measures for Unincorporated Pima County
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
Identify and mitigate the risk of loss of treatment
functionality due to All-hazards loss of power from the
main utility grid at Tres Rios WRF through the creation
of an internal, non-exporting facility microgrid utilizing
existing solar resources and implementation of a back-up
generator system. All $3M Ongoing RWRD DOD-USACE High
Mitigate effects of local area flooding due to monsoonal
rain at the Avra Valley WRF facility, which prevents
entry/exit to the facility. Flooding $3M Ongoing
DOT, RFCD,
RWRD DOD-USACE Medium
Mitigate bank protection breach resulting from local flash
erosion event at the Schulte Pit Bank.
Flash
Erosion $750,000 Ongoing RWRD TBD High
Treat soil surfaces with appropriate stabilization
materials and vegetation control to reduce blowing dust.
Severe
Wind $2,000,000 Ongoing PCDOT
Highway User
Revenue Funds,
Local Regional
Transportation
Authority Funds Medium
Provide links on the Pima County Office of Emergency
Management Website to sources of hazard mitigation
educational materials encouraging private citizens to
be prepared for hazard emergencies. All Staff Time Ongoing PCOEM General Fund Low
Promote wildfire awareness and education in the
community through the use of website, social media, and
printed materials. Awareness combined with education
helps to reduce the risk of accidental human ignitions. Wildfire Staff Time Ongoing PCOEM
General Fund
Grants Low
Educate public officials on the need of the mitigation
plan. All Staff Time Ongoing PCOEM
General Fund
Grants Medium
Work with jurisdictions, fire department/districts to
update the Community Wildfire Protection Plan (CWPP).
The CWPP identifies actions that will reduce the risk of
wildfires to communities within wildland-urban interface
zones. Wildfire
60K
Staff Time 2023-2024 PCOEM
General Fund
Grants Medium
South Houghton Road Widening Project - Widen from 2
lanes to 4 lanes with drainage improvements. Flood $30M 2022 PCDOT Impact Fees High
Kolb Road, Sabino Canyon to Sunrise Drive - Widen
from 2 lanes to 3 lanes with drainage improvements. Flood $19.5M 2022 PCDOT 1997 HURF Bonds High
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 156
Table 5-25: Mitigation Measures for Unincorporated Pima County
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
Sahuarita Road and Wilmot Road Intersection - Traffic
signal, turn lanes and drainage improvements. Flood $3M 2022 PCDOT Pima County High
Sunset Road, I-10 to River Road - New road and bridge
over the Rillito River connecting Sunset Road west of
I-10 to River Road. Flood $34.9M 2024 PCDOT RTA High
Buffelgrass and other Fire-Prone Invasive Species
Mitigation – identify public outreach opportunities
including pamphlets, community event participation,
media outreach. Wildfire
$5,000
Staff Time Ongoing PCOEM, PCNRPR
General Fund
Grants High
Buffelgrass and other Fire-Prone Invasive Species
Mitigation – locate county areas for mitigation of fire-
prone invasive species and administer grant funding for
ongoing activities related to wildfire reduction through
removal and reduction.
Wildfire,
Flood 3M Ongoing
PCNRPR,
PCRFCD, PCDOT
Grants including
BRIC, PF-HMGP
and AZ-DFFM High
Post-Fire Mitigation on Pima County Parks, Ranches,
and Open Space - allows for livestock management
ensuring rest/recovery for burned areas; replacing
important watershed vegetation cover, mitigating floods,
and dust impacts from high winds
Wildfire,
Flood $1M Ongoing PCNRPR
Grants including AZ-
DFFM and FEMA
Grants High
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 157
Table 5-26: Mitigation Measures for Marana
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
LPR – update to Town floodplain code, implementing
higher standards than FEMA requirements Flood No cost 4/2022
Keith Brann/ Town
Engineering Not required High
SIP-reconstruction of phase 1 of Tangerine Road Flood $60.6M
Completed in
2019
Tom Houle/ Town
Engineering
Town construction
sales tax, impact
fees, RTA, HURF,
partner jurisdictions Low
SIP-reconstruction of phase 2A of Tangerine Road Flood $25M Winter 2024
Tom Houle/ Town
Engineering
Town construction
sales tax, impact
fees, RTA, State AZ
general funding High
SIP-reconstruction of Twin Peaks Road over Rattlesnake
Pass Flood $20M Summer 2023
Tom Houle/ Town
Engineering
Town construction
sales tax, impact
fees, developer
funding High
SIP-Adonis Road extension Flood $5M
Completed in
2020
Tom Houle/ Town
Engineering
Town construction
sales tax, developer
funding Low
SIP – De Anza subdivision interception channel
improvements/LOMR Flood $304,298
Completed in
2021 Developer Developer funded Low
EAP-floodplain outreach information pamphlets to
citizens living in the FEMA floodplain Flood $500
Completed
fall 2021
Gus Myers/ Town
Engineering
Town General
funding Low
NSP-Invasive Vegetation Pulls in the Tortolita Mountain
Range Wildfire
Employee
time
Ongoing &
Seasonal
Mary Grodman/
Parks and
Recreation
Town General
Funding Low
NSP-Invasive vegetation removal along I-10 Wildfire
Employee
time
Ongoing and
Seasonal
Parks and
Recreation
Town General
Funding Low
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 158
Table 5-26: Mitigation Measures for Marana
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
LPR) The Town of Marana Public Works Department has
prepared a Storm Preparedness Plan and designated staff
to certain areas throughout the Town for response and
recovery following extreme flood events. The plan
contains many elements and functions that are designated
to work cohesively and seamlessly during flood events.
Crews patrol the major streets and drainage channels to
identify possible trouble conditions and make the
necessary corrections in the shortest time possible. The
Public Works Director is contacted directly for the
inspection and possible closure of Town bridge structures
during storm events. Flood
Employee
and
equipment
time
Ongoing and
Seasonal Public Works Team
Town General and
HURF Funds High
(SIP) Orange Grove Underpass Sump Pump Station Alert
System. The sump pump is inspected periodically to
ensure effective operations during storm events. The
sump pump contains an alert system where malfunctions
are reported to Streets and Traffic staff for quick response
and barricading.
Flood
$10,000
Annual
Contractor
Services
Ongoing
Annual
Public Works
Supervisors Town HURF Funds Medium
(SIP) Annual Culvert Maintenance Program. Streets staff
and contractor forces remove silt and debris from culverts
and washes to improve storm water carrying capacity.
Flood
$50,000
Annual
Contractor
Services
Ongoing
Annual Public Works Team Town HURF Funds Medium
SIP) National Bridge Inspection Program. Every Town
bridge is inspected by ADOT once every two years to
ensure the bridges are structurally sound and to identify
any flaws, defects, or potential problem areas that may
require maintenance. The overall goal is to identify issues
early, before they develop into problems. Streets staff
follow up and schedule the required maintenance. Flood
$10,000
Annual In-
house /
Contractor
Services
Ongoing
Annual Public Works Town HURF Funds Low
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 159
Table 5-27: Mitigation Measures for Town of Oro Valley
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
Install generator auto transfer switch to provide backup
power to countryside service area in the event of power
outage caused by any hazard. All $50,000 June 30, 2022
Oro Valley Water
Utility
Oro Valley Water
Utility Enterprise Fund Medium
Develop and implement stormwater harvesting criteria
design standards. All Staff Time June 30, 2025 Stormwater Utility Stormwater Utility Medium
Incorporate hazard mitigation strategies into the General
Plan and prioritized in the Strategic Leadership Plan. All $150,000
November
2026
Community and
Economic
Development
Community and
Economic Development
Department Budget Low
Continue to update zoning codes as needed to provide the
town with modern and needed regulatory tools to mitigate
exposure to the impacts of future hazards. All Staff Time
December
2027
Community and
Economic
Development
Community and
Economic Development
Department Budget Low
Identify and implement mitigation projects to reduce,
minimize, and manage invasive vegetation found in
parks, trails, and golf courses. Wildfire
Staff and
Volunteer
Time June 30, 2027 Parks and Recreation
Parks and Recreation
Department Budget Low
Mitigate and stabilize areas damaged by storm related
activity in the Gravel Pit Wash Channel downstream of
Lambert Lane by reconstructing 500 linear feet of
channel bottom, and mitigate side slope to protect public
and private property, public infrastructure and utilities
from additional damage. Outlet improvements to the
wash will be put in place to mitigate long term channel
scour. Flood $800,000 July 30, 2023 Stormwater Utility
Pima County Regional
Flood Control District
and Town CIP High
Identifying regulatory floodplain boundaries to help
mitigate potential impacts from flooding. Flood Staff Time June 30, 2027 Stormwater Utility Stormwater Utility Medium
Analyze NFIP CRS program for potential adoption and
develop plan for future implementation. Flood Staff Time June 30, 2024 Stormwater Utility Stormwater Utility Low
Partner with Pima County Regional Flood Control
District and US Forest Service to identify, design, and
construct any post-Bighorn fire flood mitigation projects Flood Staff Time June 2026 Stormwater Utility
Stormwater Utility,
Pima County Regional
Flood Control District,
US Forest Service High
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 160
Table 5-27: Mitigation Measures for Town of Oro Valley
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
identified in post-fire analysis and/or high precipitation
incidents.
Implement updated water wasting code articles to support
water conservation amid ongoing drought conditions
fueled by more extreme heat days.
Extreme
Heat,
Drought
$20,000
(Staff
Time and
Printing) June 30, 2027
Oro Valley Water
Utility
Oro Valley Water
Utility Enterprise Fund
Medium
Annual purchase of full Town CAP allocation and store
unused CAP water in underground storage facilities for
future use. Drought $11 M June 30, 2027
Oro Valley Water
Utility
Oro Valley Water
Utility Enterprise Fund
(Annual approved
budget)
Medium
Identified in the General Plan and prioritized within the
Strategic Leadership Plan, develop new design standards,
technical bulletins, and educational programs to support
best practices in plant transplant and replanting, vegetation
and erosion management, energy conservation, and
drought tolerant landscapes. All Staff time
December
2027
Community and
Economic
Development
Community and
Economic Development
Department (Annual
approved budget) Medium
Addition of fire breaks in critical locations identified in
the wildland urban interface and locations identified for
post-Bighorn Fire mitigation efforts within a constantly
changing wildland fire risk and threat environment. Wildfire
GRFD
(Wildland
division
staff
hours)
December
2023
Golder Ranch Fire
District and US
Forest Service
Golder Ranch Fire
District, US Forest
Service, Grants High
Provide annual, public awareness and public outreach on
local hazards, mitigation, prevention, plans, and other
activities through presentations to homeowners and
HOAs, newsletters, and website. All Staff Time June 30, 2027
Emergency
Management
Innovation and
Technology
Department,
Stormwater Utility,
Water Utility,
Community Economic
Development, Golder
Ranch Fire District
(Annual approved
budgets) Low
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 161
Table 5-27: Mitigation Measures for Town of Oro Valley
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
Mitigate and stabilize areas damaged by storm related
activity in the Catalina Ridge Drainage Channel by
reconstructing 3,400 linear feet of channel bottom,
improve wash degradation, and mitigate side slope to
protect public and private property, public infrastructure
and utilities from additional damage. Flood $1.9 M June 30, 2025 Stormwater Utility
Stormwater Utility,
Pima County Regional
Flood Control District,
FEMA Mitigation
Grant Program Low
Mitigate and stabilize areas damaged by storm related
activity by: Designing and constructing of wash
stabilization components to protect damaged areas from
scour and deposition of sediment that is causing damage
to existing properties. This includes three projects: 3
known projects: Sierra Wash/Naranja Ranch at Glover
Road, Sierra Wash/Naranja Ranch at Via Mandarina,
Highlands Wash/Highlands subdivision. Flood $4 M July 30, 2025 Stormwater Utility
Pima County Regional
Flood Control District
and Town CIP High
Table 5-28: Mitigation Measures for Pascua Yaqui Tribe
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
Tetakusim Drainage Improvement Project at Calle
Tetakusim Flood $14,000,000
Tentative
completion
of Dec. 2024
Land
Department
Facilities
Department
Tribal
Council BIA appropriated funds High
Drainage Improvement Project - East of the Education
Building.
Continued Implementation of Pascua Yaqui Reservation
Flood Control Project Flood $130,000
Tentative
completion
of Sep. 2022
Land
Department
Facilities
Department
Tribal
Council EPA appropriated funds High
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 162
Table 5-28: Mitigation Measures for Pascua Yaqui Tribe
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
Cemetery Bridge Project -
Continued Implementation of Pascua Yaqui Reservation
Flood Control Project.
Project requires minor design for CMP's. Flood $350,000
February
2023
Land
Department,
Facilities
Department,
Tribal
Council FMD Capital Funds High
Ignacio Baumea Improvement Project – Continued
Implementation of Pascua Yaqui Reservation Road
Improvement Project. Design has been completed.
Sent to BIA for reviews but schedule impacted by COVID
pandemic. Flood
$5,000,000
Tentative
completion
date of Dec.
2023
Land
Department,
Facilities
Department,
Tribal
Council BIA appropriated funds High
Black Mountain Hydrology study with Pima County, San
Xavier District - Tohono O'odham Nation:
Divert water from Black Mountain water shed to west
San Xavier District initiated planning discussions and
invited PYT departments. Next planned meeting will
include Pima County Flood Control District Flood $800,000
Tentative
completion
date of Dec.
2027
Land
Department,
Facilities
Department,
Tribal
Council,
Fire
Department
Based on eligibility of
federal grant programs and
or appropriated federal
funds. High
The Pascua Yaqui Tribes Master Drainage Report will be
implemented within phases and serves as a guide for
decision makers to minimize incompatible land use. It
provides a balance of land uses that preserves and enhances
the neighborhood, support in-fill strategies, promote
economic development, and protect environmentally and
culturally significant resources.
- Oversee floodplain modeling
- Review floodplain map revision
- Assessments of flooding runoff in public gathering areas Flood
Facilities
Department
Staff time
On-Going
and
Continuous
Facilities
Management General Fund Medium
IGA between PYT and State Forestry Department - update
and resume. Conduct Annual maintenance on established
and identified critical fire break locations in the
Wildfire Staff-time Continuous
Fire
Department. General Fund High
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 163
Table 5-28: Mitigation Measures for Pascua Yaqui Tribe
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
urban/wildland interface around all housing, neighborhoods
projects and commercial buildings on the Pascua Yaqui
Reservation.
IGA is still intact. Current fire break locations are intact
and identified for new housing projects. 2. Radio
communication upgrades for improved regional
interoperability and response.
-Creating buffers around residential and non-residential
structures through the removal or reduction of flammable
vegetation, including vertical clearance of tree branches.
-Creating defensible zones around power lines, oil and gas
lines, and other infrastructure systems.
-Performing arson prevention cleanup activities in areas of
abandoned or collapsed structures, and accumulated trash
or debris
-Developing partnerships with neighborhood community
groups, and others to conduct outreach activities.
Office of
Emergency
Management.
Attorney
General
Office.
Tribal
Council
Modify and continue to evaluate existing building codes to
help mitigate hazards.
Fire Code Enforcement Program passed through Tribal
Council Resolution. PYT Attorney General Office is
working on a Fire Code Enforcement Ordinance that
enforces IFC and IBC Codes for any new and existing
residential and commercial buildings and projects.
Educate community on hazard via website, department
brochures
Evaluate material and installation of equipment to buildings
and residence.
Extreme
Heat Staff-time Continuous
Tribal
Council.
Fire
Department.
Land
Department.
Housing
Department.
Facilities
Department.
Office of
Emergency
Management General Fund High
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 164
Table 5-29: Mitigation Measures for Town of Sahuarita
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
Review, update and modify NFIP requirements and make
appropriate modifications to Floodplain Ordinance. Flood Staff Time Ongoing Public Works None Low
Review, update and modify NFIP requirements and make
appropriate modifications to Floodplain Ordinance. Flood Staff Time Ongoing Public Works None Low
Educate the public to increase awareness of hazards, and
potential opportunities for mitigation actions. Make Pima
County’s public information material sheets, websites,
mitigation brochures, and media outlets available.
Extreme
Heat;
Flood Staff Time Ongoing Public Works Grant Funding Low
Conduct pre-storm season inspections and debris removal for
Town-owned roads and drainage crossings. Flood Staff Time Ongoing Public Works HURF High
Complete construction of the Quail Crossing Boulevard
Extension Phase 2 Bridge at the Santa Cruz River. Flood $6M
December 31,
2022 Public Works HURF High
Partner with the Upper Santa Cruz Provider User Group
(USCPUG) to educate the public to increase awareness of
drought, and potential opportunities for mitigation actions.
Provide outreach communications to increase community
awareness of drought by providing updates on local water
resources and new regulations. Drought Staff Time Ongoing Public Works Grant Funding Low
Complete Multi-Sector General Permit (Sahuarita Water
Reclamation Facility) inspections and perform maintenance
and repairs of control measures as identified during
inspections. Flood Staff Time Ongoing Public Works Enterprise High
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 165
Table 5-30: Mitigation Measures for City of Tucson
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
Christmas Watershed Flood Mitigation (NSP & SIP) -
feasibility study and subsequent potential construction
project for storm drain system and GI to reduce SFHA, and
regional basins to help mitigate flood.
Flood /
Erosion
FEMA
funded
100% for
feasibility
study and
$3,737,059
for
construction
costs
2024
Department of
Transportation
& Mobility /
Director
DEMA grant,
PCRFCD, plus
potential partnership
with gas company High
Cushing Street Bridge Levee Extension – Feasibility study
and subsequent potential construction project (SIP) for
floodwall levee extension along Santa Cruz River, to
include protection to hotel and electric substation (Critical
Facility) servicing downtown area.
Flood /
Erosion
$650,000
total
($162,500 –
partners and
City share)
Grant awarded
for feasibility
study May
2020, Project
to be
completed in
2025 if grant
obtained
Department of
Transportation
& Mobility /
Director
FEMA Region IX
Reallocated Budget,
Partnerships with hotel
and utility
High
LOMR for removing parcels out of incorrectly mapped
floodplain (including 6020 E LEE ST)
Flood
$50,000
2022
Department of
Transportation
& Mobility /
Director
City of Tucson DTM
Stormwater
Management High
Dip Crossing SIP Flood Mitigation Projects – including
Neosha Project - safety improvements for residential
access, including erosion, bank protection and guard rail,
and dip crossing locations.
Erosion
$80,000
(Neosha)
2025
Department of
Transportation
& Mobility /
Director
DEMA grant, plus
$20,000 City High
Downtown Links (SIP) - Roadway and drainage
improvements for last phase of the Tucson Arroyo -
Arroyo Chico master drainage project. (St Mary's Road
storm drain phase completed already by City of Tucson,
and Cherry Field & Park Avenue detention systems
completed by PCRFCD in 2016.)
Flood
$53M
2023
Department of
Transportation
& Mobility /
Director RTA Medium
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 166
Table 5-30: Mitigation Measures for City of Tucson
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
Silvercroft Watershed SIP report – watershed study to
determine base flood elevations and flowrates. Subsequent
channel improvements to assure all weather access to
vulnerable residential properties.
Flood /
Erosion $120,000 2027
Department of
Transportation
& Mobility /
Director
DEMA grant,
PCRFCD, plus
potential partnership
with gas company High
Alamo Gabion NSP Project – design and construction of
gabion infrastructure for erosion protection in W.A.S.H.
Ordinance watercourse (riparian floodplain protected
watercourse). Includes repetitive loss property protection.
Flood /
Erosion /
RLP
Mitigation
$2M
2027
Department of
Transportation
& Mobility /
Director
DEMA Grant
(75% Federally funded,
25% City/PCRFCD
funded) High
Mojave - Aztec Flood mitigation project (NSP) along
Silvercroft Wash downstream of new El Rio City Golf
Course detention basin, lessening residential flood
conditions downstream
Flood
$50,000
2025
Department of
Transportation
& Mobility /
Director
PCRFCD / City of
Tucson Low
Gardner Lane Improvements
Drainage infrastructure SIP improvements to provide
relief for flood prone area east of UPRR railroad/I10.
Flood
$18,600
2022
Department of
Transportation
& Mobility
Director RTA / HURF Medium
Grant Road Phased Road Project (SIP) - Road
improvements with drainage features – box
culvert/siphon structures, catch basins, and green
infrastructure.
Flood
$1M
2023
Department of
Transportation
& Mobility /
Director PAG, HURF High
Broadway Boulevard Corridor (Euclid to Country Club)
SIP – Also known as SR3A / Broadway West, this phase
includes six travel lanes and large diameter underground
storm drain system will be installed throughout the project
limits.
Flood
Cost just
under
$26.5M
Drainage
just over
$8M
2022
Department of
Transportation
& Mobility /
Director RTA / HURF Medium
Ponding Mitigation SIP Projects – including Euclid and
35th Street and other right-of-way projects to improve
runoff. Flood $20,000 2022
Department of
Transportation
& Mobility /
Director
City of Tucson DTM
Stormwater
Management High
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 167
Table 5-30: Mitigation Measures for City of Tucson
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
Houghton Road, Valencia Road to Mary Ann Cleveland
Way SIP - Roadway Widening - Drainage improvements
with all-weather six lane divided roadway, multi-use
lanes, median, multi-use paths, and drainage
improvements improving cross town mobility, reducing
congestion and improving safety. Flood
Drainage
Project Total
Costs:
$1,717,164 2022
Department of
Transportation
& Mobility /
Director
PC Impact Fees, PC
Bonds, PAG HURF, SE
District Prior to 2012,
& RTA Medium
The Drought Preparedness and Response Plan recognizes
that drought impacts do not occur suddenly or without
warning and acknowledges that with proper planning and
review it is unlikely the community will find itself in an
emergency caused solely by drought. It also ensures that
Tucson Water staff will implement drought response
measures early enough to avoid crisis-mode decision
making and to help the community anticipate what
measures will come next if drought impacts become more
severe. Drought $3,036,034
Annual/
On-going
Tucson Water
Department
Water Conservation
Fund Medium
Develop water use reduction policy to implement during
various levels of drought Drought Staff cost
Annual/
On-going
Parks and
Recreation
Parks and Recreation
Operating Budget High
Develop park development standards for flood mitigation Flood Staff cost
Annual/On-
going
Parks and
Recreation
Parks and Recreation
Operating Budget Medium
Develop preventative tree maintenance program for
implementation prior to monsoon season
Severe
Wind Staff cost
Annual/On-
going
Parks and
Recreation
Parks and Recreation
Operating Budget High
Develop park closing procedures for implementation
during severe flooding incidents Flood Staff cost
Annual/On-
going
Parks and
Recreation
Parks and Recreation
Operating Budget Medium
Develop a wildland fire preparedness and response plan,
which includes community educational
component. The City of Tucson is an urban based
community, and recognizes that wildland fires mainly
impacts areas, which are outside the City
limits. However, wildland fires outside the City limits
has the potential to still influence the impacts on the
residents of the City of Tucson. Tucson Fire is operating Wildfire $800,000 2024
Tucson Fire
Department/
Wildland Fire
Unit
Prop 101, COT Budget,
State and Federal
Deployment
Reimbursement High
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 168
Table 5-30: Mitigation Measures for City of Tucson
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
in an Auto-Aid response with Northwest Fire Department
and Golder Ranch Fire Department. With the addition of
the agreement, TFD could be called upon to assist in
mitigation efforts within Pima County. In addition, the
City of Tucson has wildland urban interface areas that
would be considered high-risk within the City limits.
These areas are densely populated and are surround by
mature old growth vegetation and limited access, with
traditional fire equipment. With proper wildland program
implementation, proper equipment, crews, and planning
response to wildland fires within the City limits will lessen
the impact of such events. The City of Tucson is in the
process of increasing the size of wildland fire response
both by vehicles (Water Tender, Type 3 and Type 6) and
manpower (doubling the response wildland crews)
Identifying specific at-risk populations (homeless), which
are vulnerable to periods of extreme heat and extreme cold
to organize outreach efforts including establishing and
promoting heating and cooling center in the community.
Extreme
Heat,
Extreme
Cold Staff Time 2024
Tucson Police
Department/
Homeless
Outreach
Program
Community Partners,
and COT Budget High
Assess inventory, and map vulnerability within Tucson to
seismic hazards. Conduct outreach efforts to property
owners in high-seismic risk zones, or who own building at
especially high ricks for seismic damage such as historic
adobe homes, about retrofits that can be made to their
structures to reduce seismic impact. Use vulnerability
data gathered to perform analysis of current building
codes and propose changes, as appropriate, to reduce
seismic risk community wide.
Earthquak
es Staff Time 2024
Planning and
Development
Services Department Budget Medium
Assess the vulnerability of critical facilities to flooding
from runoff and encourage reducing runoff and means for
mitigating critical facilities when runoff cannot be reduced Flood Staff Time
Annual/On-
going
Planning and
Development
Services Department Budget High
In compliance with the NFIP, the City will continue to
require the preparation and submittal of a CLOMR or
CLOMR-F for all proposed developments within FEMA
delineated Special Flood Hazard Areas. The City will also Flood Staff Time
Annual/
On-going
Planning and
Development
Services
Department Budget and
Fees for Developers High
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION V: MITIGATION STRATEGY 169
Table 5-30: Mitigation Measures for City of Tucson
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Estimated
Cost
Anticipated
Completion
Date Project Lead
Potential Funding
Source(s)
Priority
Ranking
continue to prepare record drawings and submit LOMR's
per NFIP requirements
Maintain compliance with NFIP regulations by
enforcement of the current flood and erosion hazard
management codes through review of new development
located in the regulatory flood prone and erosion hazard
setback areas and with the issuance of floodplain use
permits
Flood/
Erosion Staff Time
Annual/
On-going
Planning and
Development
Services Department Budget High
City of Tucson is in partnership with the University of
Arizona in a pilot project to collect and review data on the
application of PlusTi from Pavement Technology Inc. on a
section of roadway in the City of Tucson. The pilot
project area is located on South Country Club Rd from
Broadway Blvd to Aviation Hwy. The data collected will
determine the effectiveness of PlusTi application in
reducing surface temperature, ambient air temperatures,
wind speeds and weather conditions.
Extreme
Heat $190,000 February 2021
Department of
Transportation/
Sustainability
Coordinator Prop 101 High
Green Storm water Infrastructure Program. The program
is designed to build and maintain projects throughout the
City that capture storm water runoff from public streets
and parking lots, and divert it into vegetated water
harvesting area.
Flood
$3,000,000
2023
Water
Department-
Green Storm
water
Infrastructure
Program
Green Storm water
Infrastructure fee High
The planting of 1 million trees is an initiative within the
City of Tucson to increase tree canopy, which will
decrease and mitigate both day and night the heat island
effect. This is a result of the Arizona summer
temperatures. The tree canopy and root system will assist
with the increase of water retention, and water
conservation within the City. With the increase tree
density in the City of Tucson there will be a greater
ground structural foundation, resulting in a reduction in
the top soil erosion due to flooding.
Extreme
Heat/
Flood $10M 2030
Urban Forest
Program
Manager for the
City of Tucson
Private donors and
grant foundations High
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION VI: PLAN MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES 170
SECTION 6: PLAN MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
Elements of this plan maintenance section include:
Monitoring, Evaluating, and Updating
Monitoring of Mitigation Measures
Incorporation into Other Planning Mechanisms
The participating jurisdictions in this Plan that reviewed this section recognized that it is intended to be a “living”
document with regularly scheduled monitoring, evaluation, and updating. The 2017 Plan outlined specific steps in the
Plan Maintenance; however, the 2022 MJPT found that few, if any, formal reviews occurred over the past five years.
Reasons for the lack of formal review were discussed by the MJPT, and included:
• Staff turnover;
• Lack of funding for consultant plan reviews annually;
• Misunderstanding of the relationship between mitigation plans to anything other than grants eligibility;
• Lack of promotion of the Plan to the county departments, jurisdictions and the general public ; and
• Inability of first responder agencies to understand the significance of mitigation planning to response
priorities.
In an effort to avoid these issues again, the MJPT discussed ways to make sure that the Plan is active and treated as a
living document which are listed in Section 6.1.
6.1 Monitoring, Evaluating and Updating
The Planning Team has established the following monitoring and evaluation procedures revised for this Plan:
• Schedule – The Plan shall be reviewed on at least an annual basis or following a major disaster. PCOEM
will take the lead to reconvene the Planning Team annually near the anniversary of the official FEMA
approval date. Participating jurisdictions have committed to providing resources to this effort annually. The
PCOEM Planner and Operations Manager will be responsible for reconvening annually and initiation the
next review cycle.
• Review Content – One month prior to the MJPT review meeting, a reminder questionnaire will be distributed
to each jurisdictions’ point of contact by the PCOEM Planner and will be returned by each jurisdiction within
a minimum of three weeks. The approximate date of this review will be calendar year 2nd quarter in 2023,
2024, 2025 and 2026. The questionnaire will be comprised of the following questions:
o Hazard Identification: Have the risks and hazards changed? Is there new information to include
regarding the risks/hazards?
o Goals and objectives: Are the goals and objectives still able to address current and expected
conditions?
o Mitigation Projects and Actions: What is the status of the mitigation measures in the current Plan?
o Capability Assessment: Have there been any changes in capabilities in the past review year?
o FEMA HMP Programmatic Updates: Have there been any changes to the FEMA HMP program
that have occurred in the past review year?
o Incidents: Have any incidents occurred in the past review year?
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION VI: PLAN MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES 171
The PYT-OEM will coordinate with PCOEM. Prior to the updating requirements, the PYT-OEM will coordinate and
work with the Tribal Local Planning Team before annual update and will provide report on information developed by
the Tribal Local Planning Team.
The PYT-OEM is the lead agency for the Pascua Yaqui Tribe to track progress and send out meeting requests.
Representatives of the Tribal Local Planning Team will report on the progress made by their respective departments
or entities. Other PYT departments, programs and entities will be invited, as necessary to report or present data relative
to the Plan or mitigation measures implemented by their departments. The implementation of mitigation measures
will be monitored by the PYT-OEM on an on-going basis until implementation is complete.
6.2 Monitoring of Mitigation Measures
During the annual meeting, each jurisdiction and tribe will have the opportunity to provide a report to the group
summarizing its review of the Plan. The report will include their responses to the above questions and any other items
specific to their community. Documentation of the annual meeting may include n otes on the results of the meeting as
well as specific information on the reasoning for proposed changes to the Plan for the next update. Copies of the
annual review report will be kept with the Plan for review and consideration in future reviews and the f ive-year update.
The Plan requires updating and approval from FEMA every five years. The Plan updates will adhere to that set
schedule using the following procedure:
• One year prior to the plan expiration date, the PCOEM Planner will reconvene the MJPT to review and assess
the materials accumulated from annual reviews and other documents related to hazards, disasters and
mitigation actions taken.
• The MJPT will update the appropriate or affected portions of the plan and produce a new Plan.
• The new plan will be submitted to DEMA and FEMA for review, comment, and approval.
• The new Plan will be presented before the respective councils and boards for an official concurrence/adoption
of the changes.
For FEMA supported projects, progress reports will be submitted to FEMA on a quarterly basis, or as required
throughout the project duration. The degree of quarterly reporting will be dependent upon the type of mitigation
activities, its funding source, and the associated requirements. The quarterly report may include :
• Project Completion Status;
• Project Challenges or Issues (if any);
• Budgetary Considerations (Cost Overruns or Underruns); and
• Detailed Documentation of Expenditures.
Upon completion of projects, the project location will be visited, and results viewed and documented. Closed projects
will then be monitored for effectiveness of the intended mitigation action. FEMA supported project closeouts will
include an audit of the financials as well as other guidelines and requirements set forth under the fu nding or grant
rules, and any attendant administrative plans developed by the Pascua Yaqui Tribe.
6.3 Incorporation into Other Planning Mechanisms
Incorporation of the Plan into other planning mechanisms, either by content or by reference, enhances a community’s
ability to perform hazard mitigation by expanding the scope of the Plan’s influence. The jurisdictions acknowledge
that incorporation of the Plan into other planning mechanisms has improved over the prior plan. Additional ways in
which the 2017 Plan has been incorporated or referenced into other planning mechanisms for each jurisdiction are
summarized below.
Past Activities
Pima County
• The 2017 Plan is cited in the Annual Recertification and 5-yr Cycle Verification of the Community Rating
System for the NFIP.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION VI: PLAN MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES 172
• The plan was used as a resource during the 2021 Pima County Emergency Operations Plan revisions.
• The plan was used as reference material for mitigation grant funding opportunities.
Marana
• The plan was used as a resource during the 2017 and 2020 Town of Marana Emergency Operations Plan
revisions.
• The plan was used for reference to identify hazards and mitigation strategies for the Towns General Plan in
2020.
• The plan was used to define mitigation AP’s for Town of Marana capital improvement proje cts and
programming during the past five-year cycle.
Oro Valley
• Used as reference material for other emergency plans, procedures, and hazard analysis.
• Identified mitigation actions and projects correlate to planned capital improvement projects; water
conservation program; stormwater management program; goals, policies, and action items identified in the
General Plan; and community outreach activities.
Pascua Yaqui Tribe
• The 2017 plan was referenced in the Pascua Yaqui Tribe Master Land Use Plan which serves as a guide for
tribal leadership and stakeholders to minimize incompatible land use. It provides a balance of land uses that
preserves and enhances the community, support in-fill strategies, promotes economic development, and
protects environmentally and culturally significant resources. Mitigation strategies were addressed in the
development of this plan.
• The master drainage study is a critical component to the Tribe’s economic well -being, as well health, safety,
and general welfare of the community. It was initially adopted in 2004 to minimize the flooding and drainage
problems and will be updated within the next reporting period. It requires no development zones set aside for
conveyances of floodwaters and the construction of regional storm water retention facilities
• As a part of National Flood Insurance Program requirements, the plan will be used as a reference.
• The 2017 plan was provided to FEMA when the Tribe submitted its declaration request for Public Assistance
Grant Program for the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Sahuarita
• The plan was used when developing the General Plan mainly in reference to the hazards and risks.
Tucson
• The plan was used as reference material for the update of the Emergency Operations Plan.
• The plan was used as reference material for the Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessments
processes.
• The plan was used as reference in the development of Continuity of Operations Plans for the City
Departments.
• The plan was used as a reference in the development in the Tucson Floodplai n Management Plan.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION VI: PLAN MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES 173
Future Activities
The Plan will continue to function as a standalone document subject to its own review and revision schedule. The Plan
will serve as a reference for other mitigation and land planning needs of the jurisdictions. Whenever possible, the
jurisdictions will endeavor to incorporate the risk assessment results, mitigation actions and projects identified in the
Plan into existing and future planning mechanisms as appropriate.
As is demonstrated above, the typical ways to use and incorporate the Plan include:
• Use of, or reference to, Plan elements in general and comprehensive planning update documents;
• Addition of defined mitigation measures to capital improvement programming;
• Inclusion of Plan elements into development planning and practices; and
• Resource for developing and updating emergency operations plans.
Specific incorporation of the Plan risk assessment elements into the natural resources and safety elements of each
jurisdiction/tribe’s general plans (county comprehensive plan) and development review processes, adding or revising
building codes, adding or changing zoning and subdivision ordinances, and incorporating mitigation goals and
strategies into general and comprehensive plans, may help to ensure hazard mitigated future development. In addition
to continuing the past incorporation activities, below are the methods of incorporation the jurisdictions intend to
implement over the next five-year period.
Pima County
• An annual review of the plan will be scheduled by the Office of Emergency Management includi ng all 2022
plan participants. This will be held in November of each year and include a review of the hazards and risks
and evaluation of mitigation measures.
• The plan revision planning process will begin in the second calendar quarter of 2024 for the 2025 plan
revision. The Office of Emergency Management Planner will coordinate planning activities.
• The plan will be referenced annually when updating the Pima County Emergency Operations Plan.
• PCOEM will continue outreach to county departments and committees to make them aware of the Plan and
advice on how it can be incorporated into other planning activities.
• PCOEM will continue working with the Pima County Grants & Innovation department on funding
opportunities for mitigation activities.
Marana
• Continue to pursue past activities as listed in table 3-3 as appropriate.
• Continue to have representatives participate in annual mitigation meetings with other jurisdi ctional partners.
• Continue to incorporate plan elements into the Town’s implementation of the 2040 General Plan, zoning
activities and CIP programmed projects.
Oro Valley
• Participate in annual review of plan, as coordinated by the Pima County Office of Emergency Management.
• Use as reference material for other emergency plans, procedures, and hazard analysis.
• Staff awareness of plan to use as reference material when identifying future capital improvement projects;
water conservation program; stormwater management program; code amendments; goals, policies, and action
items in the General Plan; and community outreach activities.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION VI: PLAN MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES 174
Pascua Yaqui Tribe
• The Tribe will participate in the annual reviews of the plan with the other jurisdictional partners.
• The plan will be referenced when working with other tribal departments on grants and plans development.
• The hazards and risks will be used in development of exercises for the Tribe.
• The 2022 plan will be used as a reference in the ongoing revisions of the Pascua Yaqui Tribe Emergency
Operations Plan.
• The 2022 plan will be referenced in the development of a tribal continuity of operations plans.
Sahuarita
• The Town will participate in the annual plan reviews with other jurisdictions.
• The plan will be used as a resource when the Emergency Operations Plan is revised.
Tucson
• The Plan will be used as reference in the ongoing revision of the City of Tucson Emergency Operations Plan.
• Participate in the annual review of the plan, as part of the Pima County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation
Planning Committee.
• The inclusion and reference of the plan in the review and revision of the City general and sustainability plan
adopted in 2013.
• The Plan will be used as a reference in the development and revisi on of the City’s improvement projects and
programming.
Continued Public/Stakeholder Involvement
The jurisdictions were successful during the past five years in outreach to the public and jurisdictional stakeholders
by keeping them informed and involved with activities related to the 2017 Plan. The jurisdictions are committed to
continuing that effort and intend to implement the following activities during the next five -year period, whenever
possible:
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION VI: PLAN MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES 175
Table 6-1: Continued Public and Stakeholder Involvement
Jurisdiction Activity or Opportunity
Pima County
• Continue working with the Regional Flood Control District on the Community Rating System (CRS)
Program for Public Information, Notification and Exercise requirements.
• Schedule annual mitigation review meetings with jurisdictional partners.
• Enhance public outreach on mitigation issues through the county’s mass notification tool.
• Maintain the Hazard Mitigation Plan accessible to the public on the website.
• Assist jurisdictions and county departments with mitigation grant funding opportunities.
City of
Tucson
• City of Tucson Office of Emergency Management webpages was dedicated to preparedness and
mitigation topics.
• Preformed annual “Operation Splash” outreach efforts to raise awareness of the dangers of driving
through flooded washes and roadways.
• Preformed annual “Operational Freeze” outreach effort to raised awareness of the dangers of cold and
freezing weather.
• Use to “Don’t Get Swept Away, Find a Safer Place to Play” campaign to encourage people to avoid
flooded washes and other storm water infrastructure during the monsoon season.
• The Tucson Office of Emergency Management regularly used social media sites to share preparedness
and mitigation information to the public.
• Declaration signed by the Mayor and Council of September Preparedness Month, with public
preparedness outreach at public events, via social media, on television etc.
• Regular water conservation outreach efforts from Tucson Water Department via bil l inserts, social media,
television etc.
• Monthly preparedness and safety tips via the Tucson Fire Department posted online and aired on
television.
• Provided preparedness and mitigation orientation for Council staff on the mission of emergency
management including mitigation efforts.
• Monthly safety tips via the Tucson Police Department posted on social media.
• Outreach effort by Tucson Fire Department Reference Urban Interface Wildland education program. The
outreach campaign encourages people to take proactive efforts to clear high dense brush and bushes from
around residence and businesses in order to provide natural fire break.
Town of
Marana
• Promote the Marana Citizens Water Academy program to increase customer awareness about water
conservation.
• Provide public alternate water conservation sources via links on Town website.
• Providing drought response through Marana’s Drought Preparedness Plan.
• Provide Heat Index awareness information via newsletter, and email blasts.
• Provide hazard awareness and preparedness information to the community through articles, social media,
website, videos, meetings, youth outreach and education through the schools, and community
presentations.
• Continue collaboration with Pima County Regional Flood Control District and other regional partners on
post fire flood risks, potential mitigation projects, annual sandbag program, and outreach activities.
• Provide staff support and technical guidance to homeowners, businesses, and HOAs about flood
mitigation projects on private property.
Marana Water will work with regional partners and the Citizens’ Water Academy to recommend updates to
its Drought Preparedness Plan.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
SECTION VI: PLAN MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES 176
Table 6-1: Continued Public and Stakeholder Involvement
Jurisdiction Activity or Opportunity
Town of Oro
Valley
• Provide hazard awareness and preparedness information to the community through articles, social media,
PSAs, podcasts, website, newsletters, public surveys, videos, meetings, youth outreach and education
through the schools, and community presentations.
• Expand use of web-based tools and discussion forums.
• Continue to implement General Plan public involvement components, as prioritized in the Strategic
Leadership Plan.
• Expand collaboration with regional partners on opportunities to engage the public through different
methods.
• Use of new technologies to increase customer awareness about water conservation.
• Continue collaboration with Pima County Regional Flood Control District and other regional partners on
post fire flood risks, potential mitigation projects, annual sandbag program, and outreach activities.
• Provide staff support and technical guidance to homeowners, businesses, and HOAs about flood
mitigation projects on private property.
Pascua
Yaqui
• Development of a Training and Exercise program that will provide continued education, awareness of
mitigation measures.
• Interface and collaborate with Pima County Flood Control to include exercises and training
opportunities.
• Develop and cultivate a social media presence using relevant platforms and applications that focus on
mitigations strategies and measures that individuals/families can use before fire season, monsoon,
winter preparedness etc.
• Attend and participate in community-based events and engage with the public on mitigation and
preparation activities for all Yaqui communities.
• Develop an internal working group/committee of stakeholders to address mitigation strategies.
• Continue mitigation activities in correlation to the Pascua Yaqui Tribe Improvement Projects program.
• Develop a Communication Plan for mass/targeted messaging before, during, and after emergencies.
• Development of an annual preparedness/mitigation conference that includes the whole community.
Town of
Sahuarita
• Town of Sahuarita website (https://sahuaritaaz.gov).
• Town of Sahuarita Resident/Citizen Portal.
• Town of Sahuarita Facebook.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 177
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Unincorporated Pima County
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Lead Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
Enforce Flood & Erosion Hazard
Ordinance in accordance with the
NFIP.
Flood Both $1.2M
Ongoing High
PCRFCD /
Floodplain
Mgmt.
Division
Flood Control
Tax Levy Keep
This activity is on-going.
Since the last report, counter
visits, permits and complaints
were received by the District.
Violations were resolved. Staff
also processed site construction
permits, development concept
plans, tentative plats, habitat
mitigation plans, and rezoning
and comprehensive plan
amendment cases.
Implement NFIP tasks such as
LOMR submittals, maintaining a
countywide map repository,
performing master drainage
studies, and coordinating to ensure
the digital map is correct.
Flood Both $600,000
Ongoing High
PCRFCD /
Planning &
Development
Division
Flood Control
Tax Levy Keep
During FY2019/2020 "TDN"
studies were completed for the
Alamo Wash, Black Mountain,
Bronx Wash, Carmack Wash,
Christmas Wash, City of South
Tucson, Lee Moore Wash,
Navajo/Wilson Wash, North
Ranch, Pistol Hill Watershed
and the West Branch of the
Santa Cruz River. The District
continues to validate post Big
Horn fire flood flow rates for
notification purposes,
maintenance and infrastructure
improvement needs.
Provide flood risk mitigation
through Capital Improvement
Projects (CIP).
Flood Both $8M
Ongoing High
PCRDFD /
Planning &
Development
Division
Flood Control
Tax Levy &
USACOE
Keep
FY2020/2021 CIP expenditures
included acquisition, regional
detention basins, bank
protection, grade control
structures, a railroad culvert,
channel improvements, and
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 178
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Unincorporated Pima County
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Lead Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
habitat restoration. An
equivalent sum was expended
on maintenance needs of
existing improvements. This
includes significant sediment
management in major rivers
which in part is due to fires in
mountainous headwaters on
federal land, as well as desert
soil conditions and
geomorphology. Major future
needs identified for potential
DMA funding include Post Fire
Hazard Mitigation Grants for
Cañada del Oro Levee
Augmentation and enlarging the
Finger Rock wash culvert under
Skyline Drive. While these
capital projects have been
identified, another significant
need are urban drainage
improvements on a
neighborhood scale. This
includes upgrades to current
standards, retrofit to address
projected future conditions, and
new smaller projects utilizing
dispersed measures sometimes
referred to as Green
Infrastructure.
Participate in Community Rating
System to reduce insurance
premiums.
Flood Both $50,000
Ongoing Medium
PCRFCD /
Planning &
Development
Division
Flood Control
Tax Levy Keep
During 2021 Pima County
improved its CRS Rating from 5
to 3. Improvements included
adoption of a Floodplain
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 179
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Unincorporated Pima County
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Lead Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
Management Plan and
expansion of response activities.
Buffelgrass Mitigation – identify
public outreach opportunities
including pamphlets, community
event participation, media
outreach.
Wildfire Both $5,000
Ongoing High
PCOEM,
PCNRPR,
PCRFCD
Mitigation Grants,
General Funds,
Donation
Keep and
revise
NRPR and RFCD participate in
Save our Saguaro events
annually with a focus on
educating residents on fire risk
from buffelgrass invasion and
impacts to native cactus
including Saguaros. For the past
20 years, thousands of Pima
County residents and visitors
have received buffelgrass
education materials and
programs.
Buffelgrass Mitigation – locate
county areas for mitigation of
buffelgrass and administer grant
funding for ongoing activities
related to wildfire reduction
through removal and reduction in
Buffelgrass.
Wildfire Both $3M
Ongoing Medium
PCOEM,
PCNRPR,
PCRFCD
Mitigation Grants
Ongoing,
roll into
update and
revise
The mitigation activities under
the initial $3M PDM grant
(PDM-09-AZ-2011) were
completed in 2017. NRPR and
RFCD continue to apply for and
receive various grants to support
bufflegrass control to reduce
wildfire risks. Over 3,000
volunteer hours are harnessed
annually for buffelgrass
treatment on thousands of acres
in Tucson Mountain Park. Staff
and youth crews spend several
months annually controlling
buffelgrass in other areas
Treat soil surfaces with appropriate
stabilization materials and
vegetation control to reduce
blowing dust.
Severe
Wind Both $2M
Ongoing Medium PCDOT
Highway User
Revenue Funds,
Local Regional
Transportation
Authority Funds
Roll into
update
Continuing to implement
standard operating procedures to
reduce dust during construction.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 180
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Unincorporated Pima County
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Lead Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
Continue to identify vulnerable
populations for heat related illness,
provide education targeted toward
recreational activities,
visitors/travelers, hospitality
industry, homeless populations,
and build cooling center capacity.
Extreme
Heat Both $100,000
Ongoing High
PCHD,
PCOEM,
Parks &
Recreation
Mitigation Grants,
Public Health
Emergency
Preparedness
Keep and
revise
PCHD will expand
collaborations through a task
force of multiple community
sector representatives involved
in climate-ready planning,
mitigation and response.
Implement the Drought
Management Plan. If drought
conditions worsen, the Board of
Supervisors may consider
increasing the drought stage that
will trigger drought conservation
measures.
Drought Both None
Ongoing Medium
OSC/Water
Resources
Unit
General fund and
RWRD enterprise
fund
Keep
Pima County's Local Drought
Impact Group continues to meet
to monitor the status of drought
and identify drought impacts.
Pima County DOT in conjunction
with the AZGS and the US Forest
Service will work to identify
vulnerable slide areas and begin
developing mitigation approaches
and monitoring protocols.
Landslide Existing Staff Time
Ongoing Medium PCDOT
Highway User
Revenue Funds,
Mitigation Funds,
Bond Fund, Aid
to Federal
Highways
Delete
Landslides are relatively low
risk to Pima County roads.
DOT lacks staff and funding to
evaluate slide risk at this time.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 181
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Marana
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Primary
Agency Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
Provide training to the applicable Marana
departments on the adopted hazard
mitigation plan and its requirements. All Both $500
2021 High EM
Coordinator General Fund
Keep and
roll into
update
Towns EOP Current as
reviewed. COVID
mitigation measures in
place. Town wide
COVID 19 vaccination
clinic scheduling and
support completed.
Vaccine awareness
education conducted
town wide. Audit of
impacted department
required NIMS training
completed.
Conduct public education campaigns to
increase awareness of natural hazards (such
as wildfire, flooding, extreme heat and cold,
and severe winds and landslides) by
distributing DEMA and Pima County
hazard awareness flyers at community
events and public gathering opportunities.
Event opportunities include events such as
the Town of Marana Founders Day (Mar),
the 4th of July Celebration (Jul), the Cotton
Festival (Oct) and the Holiday Tree
Lighting (Dec) and at community meetings
sponsored by the Community Services
Department.
All Both $500
2021 High
Community
Development
Director
General Fund
Keep and
roll into
update
COVID mitigation
measures greatly
minimized ability to
continue outreach
meetings. Plans to
resume during the final
quarter of 2021.
Encourage bridge or culvert construction
where roads are susceptible to flooding.
This will be accomplished as part of the
Planning Process when Developers apply to
build in Marana.
Flood Both Staff Time
ongoing High
Development
Services/
General
Manager
General Fund
Keep and
roll into
update
This will be
accomplished as part
of the Planning Process
when Developers apply
to build in Marana.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 182
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Marana
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Primary
Agency Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
Marana will continue to participate in the
National Flood Insurance Program by
reviewing applications for buildings,
ensuring they are properly designed.
Flood Both Staff Time High
Development
Services/
General
Manager
General Fund
Keep and
roll into
update
Outreach efforts are
still relevent and on-
going.
On Rattlesnake Pass, from Saguaro Bloom
to Twin Peaks Road, the Public Works
Department and Planning Departments are
installing infrastructure, making roadway
drainage improvements, and grading the
storm water conveyance systems to mitigate
flooding hazards in the area.
Flood Both $29.8M
Ongoing High
Public Works
/ Planning
Dept
Transportation
Fund, General
Fund
Keep and
roll into
update
The project is currently
at 60% design, which
will address/ mitigate
many of the hazards of
the current roadway.
Barnett Linear Park and Flood Control –
Construct a 3-mile channel along Barnett
Road to mitigate the drainage and flood
hazard from the Santa Cruz River
Flood Both $16.5M
2022 High Public Works
Director
General Fund,
Future MMPC
Bonds
Delete
The project isn't
currently funded.
Ina Road Bridge – Remove and replace the
Ina Road bridge that crosses the Santa Cruz
River
Flood New $17.5M
TBD High
Development
Services
Director
Transportation
Fund, HURF
Bonds, General
Fund
Delete
This project has been
completed and is being
monitored for
effectiveness.
Ina Road Improvements from Silverbell
Road to I-10 – widening of Ina Road to 4-
lane section with raised median, sidewalks,
and drainage improvements
Flood Both $16.5M
2022 High Public Works
Director
Transportation
Fund, Federal
Grants
Delete
This project has been
completed and is being
monitored for
effectiveness.
Tangerine Road Corridor - provide a
minimum of 4 lanes with raised medians,
drainage improvements, sidewalks, ADA
facilities, multi-use path and lanes, Traffic
Signals, Right-of-Way acquisitions, Utility
relocations, Marana Water line extensions,
and sewer modifications and additions.
Flood Both $95.5M
Ongoing High Public Works
Director
RTA, Future
Bond Money
Keep and
roll into
update
The project is ongoing
with phase one
complete.
Ina Road TI – lower I-10 and construct a
new overpass that will span both I-10 and
the UPRR tracks. Project will mitigate
flood issues and also improve access that
will reduce accidents and HazMat incidents
Flood New $65M
2018 High
Public Works
Director in
coordination
with ADOT
ADOT, RTA Delete
This project has been
completed and is being
monitored for
effectiveness.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 183
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Marana
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Primary
Agency Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
Marana will continue to participate in the
Flood Prone Land Acquisition Program and
acquire properties located in flood hazard
areas.
Flood Both Staff
Ongoing High
Development
Services Gen
Mgr
Grants,
Partnership w/
Pima County
Keep and
roll into
update
Outreach efforts are
still relevant and on-
going.
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Oro Valley
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Primary
Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
Conduct Floodplain Mapping to mitigate flood risk by
delineating floodplains boundaries within existing
subdivisions that were not required at the time of
subdivision or commercial property platting. This
includes subdivisions and commercial properties
constructed prior to 1984 and falls within some
recently annexed areas of the Town. This includes
three projects: Carmack Wash/Shadow Mountain
Estates subdivision, Peglar Wash/Suffolk Hills
Subdivision/Rancho Catalina Subdivision, Highlands
Wash/Highlands subdivision.
Flood
Existing
Homes /
Subdivisions/
Commercial
Properties
$200K
2018
High
Oro Valley
Stormwater
Utility
PCRFCD
CIP Delete
Completed
2020
Mitigate and stabilize areas damaged by storm related
activity by: Designing and constructing of wash
stabilization components to protect damaged areas
from scour and deposition of sediment that is causing
damage to existing properties. This includes three
projects: 3 known projects: Carmack Wash/Shadow
Mountain Estates subdivision, Peglar Wash/Suffolk
Hills Subdivision/Rancho Catalina Subdivision,
Highlands Wash/Highlands subdivision.
Flood
Existing
Homes /
Subdivisions/
Commercial
properties
$1-2M
2019 High
Oro Valley
Stormwater
Utility
PCRFCD
CIP Delete
Studies were
completed. No
progress on
construction
due to lack of
funding.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 184
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Oro Valley
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Primary
Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
Lambert Lane (Rancho Sonora to La Cañada). All
weather crossing, lowering hill profile and adding soil
nail walls. Upgrading signal at Lambert Lane. Adding
secondary access point to fire station from Lambert,
currently only accessible from La Cañada Dr.
Flood Existing road
improvement
$5.5M Road
$730K
Utility
2017
High
Oro Valley
Stormwater
Utility
RTA,
Water
Utility,
Town of
Oro Valley
Delete
Completed
2017
Tangerine Rd. (Oro Valley portion of project is
Shannon to La Cañada). All weather crossings, multi-
use path, raised medians, curb and gutters, traffic
signal improvement at La Cholla and Tangerine.
Flood Existing road
improvement
$95.5M
(Total
Tangerine
Project)
2018
High Marana
RTA,
Marana,
Pima
County, and
Oro Valley
Delete
Completed
2018
La Cholla (Oro Valley portion of project is Lucero
Rd. to Tangerine). 4 lane divided with a raised
median, separated multi-use path, all weather
crossings. Traffic signal improvement at Lambert,
Naranja, and Glover.
Flood Existing road
improvement
$20M
2020 High Oro Valley
RTA, Pima
County, and
Oro Valley
Delete
Completed
2020
Purchase 2,000 acre-ft. of groundwater
extinguishment credits in the Tucson Active
Management Area (TAMA) to bolster the Town’s
groundwater allowance account for future use.
Drought New $400,000
2017 Medium Water
Utility
Water
Utility Fees
Keep and
revise
Additional
purchases and
storage is
planned in the
next five years.
Remove regulatory barriers and develop programs
that support sustainable designs, landscapes, green
infrastructure, and development practices. Update and
develop new building codes and design standards that
help reduce urban heat island effect.
Extreme
Heat Both
Staff Time
$3,750/year
2021
Low CDPW Oro Valley Keep and
revise
Building codes
adopted in
2019. The
development of
design
standards is
underway and
highlighted in
the Strategic
Leadership
Plan.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 185
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Oro Valley
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Primary
Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
Installation of hydrants in urban interface area
targeting areas where there is a higher risk for brush
fire.
Wildfire New
$21,000/yea
r
2021
Medium
Mountain
Vista Fire
District
MVFD
general
fund
Keep and
roll into
update
Addition of
hydrants in
strategic
locations is part
of managing
wildfire risk in
the WUI
interface.
Annual maintenance on established and identified as
critical fire break locations in the urban/wildland
interface (Catalina State Park, Sun City Oro Valley,
etc.).
Wildfire Both
$10,000/yea
r
2021
Medium
Golder
Ranch Fire
District
Golder
Ranch Fire
District
Keep and
roll into
revise
Have
completed
some of the
rehab of the
break around
Sun City.
Provide annual, public awareness and public outreach
on local hazards, mitigation, prevention, plans, and
other activities through presentations to homeowners
and HOAs, newsletters, and website.
All Both $500/year
2021 Medium
EM &
Golder
Ranch Fire
District
Oro Valley
& Golder
Ranch Fire
District
Keep and
roll into
update
Public
education and
outreach is an
ongoing effort.
Mitigate and stabilize areas damaged by storm related
activity in the Catalina Ridge Drainage Channel by
reconstructing 3,400 linear feet of channel bottom,
improve wash degradation, and mitigate side slope to
protect public and private property, public
infrastructure, and utilities from additional damage.
Flood Existing $1.9M
2021 High
Oro Valley
Stormwater
Utility
PCRFCD
CIP, TOV,
FEMA
Keep and
roll into
update
Development
of mitigation
projects based
on highest risk
properties.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 186
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Pascua Yaqui
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion
Primary
Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
The Pascua Yaqui Tribes Master Drainage Report
overseen by Facilities Management Division will be
implemented within phases
• Oversee floodplain modeling
• Review floodplain map revision
• Assessments of flooding runoff in public
gathering areas
Flood Existing Staff time
Ongoing
Tribal
Council,
Facilities
Dept,
Land Dept
General Fund
Keep and
roll into
update
Design
completed and
project put out to
bid; however, no
bids were
received. Will be
re-advertising.
Complete and implement Phase 2 finalization of Master
Drainage Report. Flood Existing Staff time
2017
Tribal
Council,
Land Dept
General Fund Delete
Complete
Update and resume the existing intergovernmental
agreement between the Tribe and the State Forestry
Department. Conduct Annual maintenance on
established and identified critical fire break locations in
the urban/wildland interface around all housing,
neighborhoods projects and commercial buildings on the
Pascua Yaqui Reservation.
Wildfire Existing Staff time
Continuing
Fire Dept,
Attorney
General’s,
Office,
Tribal
Council
General Fund
Keep and
roll into
update
In-Progress
The current
Intergovernment
al Agreement
(IGA) between
the Tribe and
State Forestry
was reviewed
internally, by
tribal
representatives
within the last
planning cycle.
As a result of the
impacts of the
COVID-19
pandemic an
update/revision
to the IGA
between the
Tribe and State
Forestry was not
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 187
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Pascua Yaqui
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion
Primary
Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
completed and
will be rolled
into the 2022
planning cycle.
Modify and continue to evaluate existing building codes
to help mitigate hazards.
• Evaluate material and installation of equipment to
buildings and residence
• Educate community on hazard via website,
department brochures
Extreme
Heat Existing Staff Time
Ongoing
Tribal
Council,
Fire Dept,
Land Dept,
Housing/Faci
lities Dept
General Fund
Keep and
roll into
update
On-going and
continuous
During the last
planning cycle
the Tribal
Housing
Department with
the support of
Tribal Council
implemented
requirements for
the use of energy
efficient building
materials for
tribal facilities
and low income
housing
developments
within the
community. The
upgrade of
building
materials include
the use of double
pane windows as
opposed to single
pane, the use
of high “R”
rated materials
that improve the
energy costs. In
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 188
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Pascua Yaqui
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion
Primary
Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
addition to the
use of energy
efficient
materials, the
Tribe has also
implemented
landscaping
requirements for
new
developments
that include
native
plants/vegetation
that require less
water. In the next
planning cycle
the Tribal
Housing and
Facilities
Departments will
be reviewing and
updating the
building
codes/ordinance
for the Tribe.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 189
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Sahuarita
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Primary
Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
Complete Multi-Sector General Permit (Wastewater
facility) inspections and perform maintenance and
repairs of control measures as identified during
inspections.
Flood Existing Staff Time
Quarterly High Public Works
- Wastewater Enterprise Delete
Since the Town
of Sahuarita
does not
discharge
industrial
stormwater off-
site to a
WOTUS (Santa
Cruz River), an
MSGP is not
needed and the
Town is
covered under
the No
Discharge
Certification
(NDC). The
NDC was
issued on
January 10,
2020.
Organize and host annual Southern Arizona Beat Back
Buffelgrass community removal event. Wildfire Both Staff Time
Annually Medium
Public
Works,
Planning and
Zoning
None
Keep and
revise
The risk of a
wildfire in
Sahuarita due to
vegetation
(buffelgrass in
this case) is
very low to
minimal. Public
Works will
possibly partner
with the Town
of Sahuarita
Parks and
Recreation
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 190
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Sahuarita
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Primary
Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
Department for
a Buffelgrass
community
event.
Currently, no
event has been
scheduled.
Review, update and modify NFIP requirement and
make appropriate modifications to Floodplain
Ordinance.
Flood Both Staff Time
2017 High Public Works General Fund Delete
The Town of
Sahuarita
Floodplain and
Erosion Hazard
Ordinance was
updated March
of 2020. The
Santa Cruz
River is the
only FEMA
mapped
Floodplain.
NFIP
requirements
are set per
FEMA Flood
Maps of the
Santa Cruz
River.
Educate the public to increase awareness of hazards,
and potential opportunities for mitigation actions. Make
Pima County’s public information material sheets,
websites, mitigation brochures, and media outlets
available.
Extreme
Heat,
Flood
Both Staff Time
2018 Low Town Clerk None
Keep and
revise
The Town of
Sahuarita
Department of
Public Works
sent out letters
to local HOAs
as a courtesy
reminder to
maintain
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 191
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Sahuarita
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Primary
Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
washes and
basins to
minimize
flooding
possibilities. A
manual in
conjunction
with Pima
County was
also included on
the how, why,
when, what,
who of the
drainage
maintenance
guidelines.
Conduct pre-storm season inspections and debris
removal for Town-owned roads and drainage crossings. Flood Existing Staff Time
Ongoing High Public Works HURF
Keep and
revise
The Town of
Sahuarita
Department of
Public Works
Streets Division
maintained all
Town owned
roads and
drainage
crossings. The
recent event of
the monsoon
2021 presented
a lot of
maintenance
actions for our
Streets
Division.
Overall, roads
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 192
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for Sahuarita
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Primary
Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
and drainage
crossings are
well-kept.
Complete construction of Sahuarita Road: I-19 to
Eastern Town Limits including drainage improvements
and a new 2-lane bridge over the Santa Cruz River.
Flood Both
$47.7M
Planning
began 2106
High Public Works RTA, HURF,
private
Delete
The Sahuarita
Road Project
from I-19 to
Country Club
Road has been
completed for
over a few
years now.
Complete construction of the Pima Mine Road Bridge
Replacement at the Santa Cruz River, which corrects
structural deficiencies of the existing bridge, provides
additional roadway capacity at the bridge, and provides
additional capacity for delivery of CAP water to
Sahuarita.
Flood,
Drought Both
$7.2M
Planning
began 2016
High Public Works RTA, HURF,
private
Delete
The Pima Mine
Road Bridge
Replacement
has been
completed for
over a few
years now.
Finalize License Agreements allowing installation of
CAP pipelines in Town rights-of-way to facilitate the
delivery of CAP water to Sahuarita.
Drought,
Extreme
Heat,
Flood
Both Staff Time
2017 High Public Works None Delete
CAP pipelines
have been
installed within
the Town's
ROW - from I-
19 along the
north side of
Pima Mine
Road all the
way east the
Nogales
Highway.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 193
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for City of Tucson
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Primary Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
Identify funding source and construct two
bridges and 50 box culverts with 380 back-up
power units for signalized intersections at high
flood hazard crossings in Tucson limits in
accord with the Department of Transportation
5-yr plan. If a box culvert cannot be
constructed an automated warning device,
consisting of a barricade, signs and flashing
lights would be installed.
Flood,
Severe
Wind
New
$100M
Staff Time
Ongoing
High
Transportation Dept
Streets
Administrator and
Streets Chief
Engineer
Grant Funds
Keep and
Roll into
update
The mitigation
measures are
still in
progress and
are being
pursued based
upon available
funding.
Promote disaster-resistant water delivery
system by constructing redundant water
transmission lines (e.g., The Utility and the
community will be less susceptible to loss of
water delivery due to natural or human-caused
disasters).
All
Both $7.9M
2020 High
Water Dept Water
Administrator
Maintenance &
Operations
Operations
Budget
Keep and
revise
Upgraded
SCADA
monitoring
systems for
water
transmission
lines
In compliance with the NFIP, Tucson will
continue to require the preparation and
submittal of a CLOMR or CLOMR-F for all
proposed development within FEMA
delineated Special Flood Hazard Areas.
Flood Existing Staff Time
Annually High
Planning and
Development
Services
Department
Budget and
Fees for
Developers
Keep and
roll into
update
The City of
Tucson
requires
CLOMR of
CLOMR-F (as
applicable) for
all proposed
development
located within
Special Flood
Areas
Maintain compliance with NFIP regulations by
enforcement of the current floodplain
management ordinance through review of new
development located in the floodplain and
issuance of floodplain use permits.
Flood Existing Staff Time
Annually High
Planning and
Development
Services
Department
Budget
Keep and
roll into
update
The City of
Tucson
requires a
floodplain use
permit for all
proposed
developments
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 194
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for City of Tucson
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Primary Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
located within
a floodplain
Improve floodplain administration under the
NFIP program by sending inspectors into the
field when we receive a flood warning from the
NWS, to assess bridges, washes, and other
critical infrastructures within Tucson.
Flood Existing Staff Time
Annually Medium Transportation Dept Department
Budget
Keep, and
roll into
update
Staff worked
with
departments,
committees,
Ward offices,
Developers,
and
Engineering
Consultants to
review and
update the
goals and
changes to the
Tucson
Floodplain
Management
Plan (the Plan)
in 2020. The
updates to the
Plan became
effective
December
2020 with a
revised
ordinance.
Continue to fund and promote the following
rebate and incentive programs: residential and
small commercial rainwater harvesting rebate
program; residential high-efficiency clothes
washer replacement rebate program; Single-
family residential gray-water rebate program;
Single-family residential high-efficiency toilet
replacement; rainwater harvesting grant/loan
Drought Existing $1.4M
Annually Medium Tucson Water
Conservatio
n Utility
Fee
Keep and
roll into
update
All of these
programs
continue as
described
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 195
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for City of Tucson
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Primary Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
program for low-to-moderate income
customers; free toilet replacement program for
low-to-moderate income homeowners;
commercial or multi-family high-efficiency
toilet replacement program; commercial and
industrial high-efficiency urinal replacement
program.
Continue to fund and promote the Tucson
Water Zanjero (water manager) residential
water audit program.
Drought Existing $271K
Annually Medium Tucson Water Department
Budget
Keep and
roll into
update
Zanjero
program
continues to
be funded
Continue to participate in, promote and sponsor
the Pima County SmartScape program in
partnership with the University of Arizona
Cooperative Extension.
Drought Existing $239K
Annually Medium Tucson Water
Conservatio
n Utility
Fee
Keep and
roll into
update
Smartscape
Program
continues to
be funded by
Tucson Water
under IGA
with
University of
Arizona
Review and update the City of Tucson Water
Department Drought Preparedness and
Response Plan.
Drought Both Staff Time
Ongoing Medium Tucson Water Department
Budget
Keep and
roll into
update
Drought Plan
was updated in
2020
Assess, inventory, and map vulnerability within
Tucson to seismic hazards. Conduct outreach
efforts to property owners in high-seismic risk
zones, or who own building at especially high
risk for seismic damage such as historic adobe
homes, about retrofits that can be made to their
structures to reduce seismic impact. Use
vulnerability data gathered to perform analysis
of current building codes and propose changes,
as appropriate, to reduce seismic risk
community wide.
Earthquake Both Staff time
2019 High
Planning and
Development
Services
Department
Budget
Keep and
revise
The City of
Tucson is
working to
identify
existing
structures that
may be at risk
of damage as a
result of
seismic event
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 196
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for City of Tucson
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Primary Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
Perform feasibility study of a downtown
District Energy model that would create greater
energy and water resiliency in downtown
Tucson.
Drought,
Extreme
Heat,
Extreme
Cold
Both $75K
2017 High Environmental and
General Services
City
operating
funds with
matching
county
contribution
Delete
No additional
work has been
completed on
the study upon
its completion
Date in 2017
Assess the vulnerability of critical facilities to
flooding from runoff and encourage reducing
runoff and means for mitigating critical
facilities when runoff cannot be reduced.
Flooding Both Staff time
Annually Medium
Planning and
Development
Services
Department
Budget
The City of
Tucson is
assessing the
vulnerability
of critical
facilities.
Implement a severe wind risk awareness
program with information about shelter
locations, education for homeowners about
retrofits, and education for professionals about
wind mitigation.
Severe
Wind New Staff time
2018 Medium OEM and Homeland
Security
Department
Budget
Keep and
roll into
update
Due to current
budget
funding, and
staffing
available this
project is still
pending
Implement a winter weather risk awareness
program to educate the public on the risks of
severe cold during winter storms.
Extreme
Cold New Staff time
2017 Medium OEM and Homeland
Security
Department
Budget
Keep and
roll into
update
Office of
Emergency
Management
(Tucson
Police
Department
and Tucson
Fire
Department),
collaborates
with local
nation weather
representatives
providing
consent
communicatio
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
PIMA COUNTY
MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2022
APPENDIX A: ASSESSMENT OF PREVIOUS ACTION ITEMS 197
2017 Plan Mitigation Measures Assessment for City of Tucson
Description
Hazard(s)
Mitigated
Assets
Mitigated
(Ex/New)
Estimated
Cost
Completion Priority
Primary Agency
Title
Potential
Funding
Source(s)
Status
Disposition Explanation
n and updates
in order to
insure
programs such
as "Operations
Deep Freeze"
and others
similar
programs.
Assess and identify specific at-risk populations
vulnerable to long-term power outages and
organize outreach efforts include establishing
and promoting heating and cooling centers in
the community.
Extreme
Heat,
Extreme
Cold
Both Staff time
2018 High OEM and Homeland
Security
Department
Budget
Keep and
roll into
update
Colorations
with NAOA,
Tucson Fire
Department,
Voluntary
Organization
active in
disasters.
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116
Exhibit A to Marana Resolution No. 2022-116